>Monkbot at 01:31, 30 December 2020

2020-12-30T01:31:02Z

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{{Short description|Regional infrastructure organization in Asia}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2018}}

[[File:One-belt-one-road.svg|alt=Map of Asia, showing the OBOR initiative|thumb|upright=1.4|{{legend|red|[[China]]}}{{legend|orange|Members of the [[Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank]]}}{{legend|black|The six Belt and Road corridors}}{{legend|#0186D7|[[21st Century Maritime Silk Road|Maritime silk road]]}}China in red, Members of the [[Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank]] in orange, the six corridors in black<ref>China Britain Business Council: [http://www.cbbc.org/cbbc/media/cbbc_media/One-Belt-One-Road-main-body.pdf One Belt One Road] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713011420/http://www.cbbc.org/cbbc/media/cbbc_media/One-Belt-One-Road-main-body.pdf |date=2017-07-13 }}</ref>]]

The '''Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar Economic Corridor''' ('''BCIM''') is a proposed corridor connecting [[India]] and [[China]] through [[Myanmar]] and [[Bangladesh]] as a [[economic corridor|corridor]].<ref name="Saibal">{{cite news |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Saibal |date=20 December 2013 |title=Plan for economic corridor linking India to China approved |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/china/Plan-for-economic-corridor-linking-India-to-China-approved/articleshow/27669821.cms |work=Times of India |access-date=9 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The BCIM economic corridor: Prospects and challenges |url=https://www.orfonline.org/research/the-bcim-economic-corridor-prospects-and-challenges/ |work=Observer Research Foundation |access-date=10 February 2017}}</ref>

In 2015, China proposed including the corridor as part of its vision for the [[Belt and Road Initiative]], China's signature global connectivity initiative. The BRI was boycotted by India from the start. In May 2019, the BCIM was not mentioned in a list of 35 corridors and projects in a joint communique issued by state leaders attending the [[2nd Belt and Road Forum]], indicating the BCIM had been dropped from the BRI. In the same year India has sought to keep the BCIM intact by sending a delegation to the 13th BCIM Forum in [[Yuxi]], noting however the corridor predates the BRI.<ref name="kunming">{{cite news |title=Kunming meet revives BCIM link plan |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/kunming-meet-revives-bcim-link-plan/articleshow/69921135.cms |work=Economic Times |date=June 24, 2019}}</ref>

The proposed corridor will cover 1.65 million square kilometres, encompassing an estimated 440 million people in China's [[Yunnan]] province, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and [[West Bengal]] in [[Eastern India]] through the combination of road, rail, water and air linkages in the region.<ref name="Asia">{{cite web |url=http://www.asiabriefing.com/news/2013/10/bangladesh-china-india-myanmar-economic-corridor-builds-steam/ |title=Bangladesh–China–India–Myanmar Economic Corridor Builds Steam |website=Asia Briefing |publisher=Dezan Shira and Associates |access-date=1 July 2014}}</ref> The BCIM envisages greater market access for goods, services and energy, elimination of non-tariff barriers, better trade facilitation, investment in infrastructure development, and joint exploration and development of mineral, water, and other natural resources.<ref name="star">{{cite web |last1=Rahman |first1=Mustafizur |date=15 March 2015 |title=BCIM-economic corridor: An emerging opportunity |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/bcim-economic-corridor-an-emerging-opportunity-15533 |website=The Daily Star |access-date=9 June 2014}}</ref>

==History==
===Background===
The concept of economic cooperation within the BCIM region was first developed by [[Rehman Sobhan]] who advocated that multi-modal transport connectivity and supported by other initiatives and infrastructure development could significantly reduce transaction costs, stimulate trade and investment and consequently accelerate growth and poverty alleviation in this region.<ref name=star />

Sobhan's pioneering ideas would eventually lead to the development of the platform in the 1990s which came to be known as the "Kunming Initiative". The first meeting of the Initiative was convened in 1999 in [[Kunming]]; presided by a number of representative organisations such as [[Centre for Policy Dialogue|The Centre for Policy Dialogue]] (CPD) from Bangladesh, [[Centre for Policy Research]] (CPR) from India and Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences in Kunming, China; from the Myanmar side it was the Ministry of Trade which represented the country.<ref name=star />

The Kunming Initiative evolved into the BCIM Forum for Regional Cooperation during its first with the objective to create a platform where major stakeholders could meet and discuss issues in the context of promoting economic growth and trade in the BCIM region; identify specific sectors and projects which would promote greater collaboration among the BCIM nations; and
strengthen cooperation and institutional arrangements among the concerned key players and stakeholders to deepen BCIM ties.<ref name="Asia 2">{{cite web |url=http://www.asiabriefing.com/news/2013/06/the-bangladesh-china-india-myanmar-trade-corridor/ |title=The Bangladesh–China–India–Myanmar Trade Corridor |website=Asia Briefing |publisher=Dezan Shira and Associates}}</ref>

Over the years, the Kunming initiative developed into what came to be popularly known as the BCIM Forum. Successive BCIM Forums were held annually making a seminal contribution in raising awareness about the potential benefits accruing from the BCIM cooperation. BCIM cooperation also started to feature in intergovernmental discussions, at highest political levels, as was recounted above. The initial vision of the Kunming initiative was to gradually steer the endeavour from an essentially civil society (Track II) to an intergovernmental (Track I) one where political buy-in and intergovernmental ownership would be key to realising the vision and the objectives of the initiative.<ref name=star />

===Initial steps===
One of the most recent developments to the BCIM came to fruition during the meeting between Chinese Premier [[Li Keqiang]] and Indian Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] in 2013.<ref name=IPCS>{{cite journal|last1=Rashid|first1=Harun Ur|title=BCIM Economic Corridor: A Giant Step towards Integration|journal=Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies|date=12 Nov 2013|issue=4172|url=http://www.ipcs.org/article/india/bcim-economic-corridor-a-giant-step-towards-integration-4172.html|access-date=2 July 2014}}</ref> Li's visit marked the first time high-ranking officials had discussed the trade corridor. Furthermore, earlier in the year, the first ever BCIM car rally was held between [[Kolkata]] and [[Kunming]] via [[Dhaka]] to highlight road connectivity in the four countries.<ref name=IPCS />

On 18 December 2013, the four nations drew up a long discussed plan, emphasizing the need to quickly improve physical connectivity in the region, over two days of talks in the south-western Chinese city of Kunming – the provincial capital of Yunnan, which borders Myanmar – on Wednesday and Thursday.<ref name=Hindu>{{cite news|last1=Krishnan|first1=Anant|title=BCIM corridor gets push after first official-level talks in China|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/world/bcim-corridor-gets-push-after-first-officiallevel-talks-in-china/article5483848.ece|access-date=2 July 2014|agency=The Hindu|publisher=Kasturi & Sons Ltd.|date=21 Dec 2013}}</ref> This marked the formal endorsement of the BCIM EC by the four nations, whereby it was agreed that the corridor would run from Kunming to Kolkata, linking [[Mandalay]] in [[Myanmar]] as well as [[Dhaka]] and [[Chittagong]] in Bangladesh.<ref name=Hindu />

==Economic advantages==
The economic advantages of the BCIM trade corridor are considerable, most notably: access to numerous markets in Southeast Asia, improvement of transportation infrastructure and creation of industrial zones.<ref name="Asia 2" /><ref name=Irra>{{cite news|last1=Lal|first1=Neeta|title=India and China Seek Economic Integration Via Burma, Bangladesh|url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/china/india-china-seek-economic-integration-via-burma-bangladesh.html|access-date=2 July 2014|agency=The Irrawady|date=6 Nov 2013}}</ref>

The construction of industrial zones will have a twofold benefit. Firstly, it will lead to industrial transfer boosting industries such as processing, manufacturing and commerce logistics. Secondly, as labour costs rise in China, labour-intensive industries such as textile and agro processing will eventually be shifted out of China. These industries will need to be transferred to new regions with lower labour costs. Companies operating in China will likely give priority to the trade corridor region given its established infrastructure, improved logistics and ease of access<ref name="Asia 2" /><ref name=Irra />

India's isolated eastern and [[Northeast India|north-eastern states]] also stand to gain by higher trade and connectivity with China and the rest of Asia.<ref name=Irra />

==Priority sector==
The eleven BCIM Forums, organised in rotation by the aforesaid institutions in the four countries, have highlighted the potential benefits of closer cooperation among the four countries in such areas as connectivity, trade, investment, energy, water management, tourism and other areas.<ref name=star /> The four countries also agreed to encourage greater cooperation and exchanges in the BCIM region in the areas of education, sports and science and technology.<ref name=Saibal />

==Leadership and representation==
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The Bangladesh–China–India–Myanmar Forum for Regional Cooperation ('''BCIM''') is a sub-regional organisation of Asian nations aimed at greater integration of trade and investment between the four countries and the economic corridor has grown out of it.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2012-02/21/c_131422592.htm |title=Experts hope for greater integration among Bangladesh, India, China and Myanmar in trade, investment |work=Xinhua |date=21 February 2012 |access-date=1 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.international.to/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5891:india-has-a-look-east-policy-too&catid=80:politics&Itemid=120 |title=India Has a 'Look East Policy' Too |publisher=International.to |date=30 April 2012 |access-date=1 May 2012}}</ref>

During the last held session in 2013, India was represented at this week's talks by Joint Secretary (East Asia) at the Ministry of External Affairs Gautam Bambawale, who was joined by the Deputy Planning Minister of Bangladesh, the Vice Chairman of China's National Development and Reform Commission, and a Senior economic affairs official from Myanmar.<ref name=Hindu />

==Cooperation with other corridors==
Through linking the [[ASEAN Free Trade Area]], [[ASEAN–China Free Trade Area]] and the [[ASEAN–India Free Trade Area]], the corridor would constitute as one of the largest free trade areas. Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar hope to create a corridor that would effectively combine road, rail, water and air linkages in the region.<ref name="Asia 2" /> This will also improve foreign trade of the BCIM countries and empower bilateral trading.<ref name=Irra />

==See also==
* [[China–Pakistan Economic Corridor]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151030121932/http://www.bcim-forum.com/en/article.aspx?aid=60 BCIM Forum]
* [http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-02/20/c_131420112.htm BCIM Business Council]
* [https://archive.is/20121129171242/http://big5.fmprc.gov.cn/gate/big5/kolkata.china-consulate.org/eng/zlgxw/t907931.htm Tenth Meeting of BCIM Forum, Kolkata]

{{China–India relations}}
{{Belt and Road Initiative}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Forum for Regional Cooperation}}
[[Category:International organizations based in Asia]]
[[Category:International economic organizations]]
[[Category:Intergovernmental organizations]]
[[Category:Bangladesh–China relations]]
[[Category:Bangladesh–India relations]]
[[Category:Bangladesh–Myanmar relations]]
[[Category:China–India relations]]
[[Category:China–Myanmar relations]]
[[Category:India–Myanmar relations]]

BCIM Economic Corridor - Revision history

>Monkbot at 01:31, 30 December 2020