>Gotitbro at 12:01, 14 March 2021

2021-03-14T12:01:03Z

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{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= Babbar Akali movement
|image=
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|dates= 1921-1925<ref name="Singh">{{cite web|url=http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/sikh-organisations/babbar-akali-movement|title=Babbar Akali Movement|last=Singh|first=Harbans|accessdate=17 December 2011}}</ref>
|country=[[British Punjab]], [[British India]]
|type= [[Paramilitary]]
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The '''Babbar Akali movement''' was a 1921 splinter group of "militant" Sikhs who broke away from the mainstream [[Akali movement]] over the latter's insistence on non-violence over [[gurdwara]] reforms.<ref name="Mukherjee2004">{{cite book|last=Mukherjee|first=Mridula|title=Peasants in India's non-violent revolution: practice and theory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y2AON_2SJI0C&pg=PA35|accessdate=17 December 2011|date=2004-09-22|publisher=SAGE|isbn=978-0-7619-9686-6|pages=35–36}}</ref>

The militant unit was established as ''Shahadat Dal'' (Association of Martyrs) in September 1920, later evolving into the Babbar Akali movement. By 1922, they had organized themselves into a military group and began killing informers, government officials, and ex-officials.<ref name="Mukherjee2004"/> They also published an illegal newspaper describing British exploitation of India. It was declared an unlawful association by the British in April 1923.<ref name="Singha2000">{{cite book|last=Singha|first=H. S|title=The encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 entries)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C&pg=PA26|accessdate=17 December 2011|year=2000|publisher=Hemkunt Press|isbn=978-81-7010-301-1|pages=26–}}</ref> They used religious imagery and discussed the loss of Sikh sovereignty in the [[Anglo-Sikh wars]] which helped them enjoy popular support. The Babbar Akali movement recruited from [[World War I]] veterans dissatisfied with broken land grant promises and former members of the [[Ghadar Party]].<ref name="Mukherjee2004"/> Many of its members were killed in [[police encounter]]s, 67 were taken alive and "5 were sentenced to death, 11 to transportation for life and 38 to various terms of imprisonment".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.congress.org.in/new/india-struggle-for-freedom.php |title=India's Struggle for Freedom : Role of Associated Movements |publisher=All India Congress Committee - AICC |accessdate=23 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111211230016/http://www.congress.org.in/new/india-struggle-for-freedom.php |archivedate=11 December 2011 }}</ref> [[Babbar Khalsa International]] was established in an attempt to emulate the Babbar Akalis.

==History==
{{Expand section|date=December 2011}}
The original Akali movement was established to peacefully get control of [[gurdwara]]s from heredity priests who were accused of enriching themselves.<ref name="Singh"/> The Akalis took vows of nonviolence and observed them, however at [[Tarn Taran Sahib|Tarn Taran]] and [[Nankana Sahib]] in early 1921 the priests, their hired security killed a number of Sikhs. This resulted in the radicalization of the people who would form the core group of the Babbar Akalis.<ref name="Singh"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101214210118/http://esikhs.com/articles/Babbar_Akali_Movement.pdf Babbar Akali Movement]

[[Category:Religiously motivated violence in India]]
[[Category:Sikh politics]]
[[Category:Indian independence movement]]

Babbar Akali movement - Revision history

>Gotitbro at 12:01, 14 March 2021