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{{short description|Main magazine of the Hare Krishna Movement}}

'''''Back to Godhead''''' ({{aka}} '''''BTG''''') is the main magazine of the [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness|Hare Krishna Movement]]. The magazine was founded by [[A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada]] in 1944, under the direction of his spiritual ''guru'', [[Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati]].<ref name="prm"/><ref name="his">{{cite web|title=History|url=http://www.backtogodhead.in/history/|work=Back to Godhead|accessdate=28 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="about btg">{{cite web|url=http://btg.krishna.com/about-btg|title=About BTG}}</ref><ref name="isn"/> It was originally published by A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and later by [[Satsvarupa dasa Goswami]] and [[Jayadvaita Swami]].<ref name="prm"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jswami.info/jayadvaita_swami |title=Biodata for Jayadvaita Swami |access-date=2008-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080402095220/http://www.jswami.info/jayadvaita_swami |archive-date=2008-04-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

''Back to Godhead'' is a bimonthly color magazine which covers all aspects of the philosophy and practice of [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness|Krishna consciousness]] as taught by [[A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada|Srila Prabhupada.]] Some recurring features include lectures by Srila Prabhupada, tours of Indian holy places, interviews with Hare Krishna devotees, Krishna conscious perspectives on issues of the day, excerpts from [[Vedas|Vedic scriptures]], and tips on practicing spiritual life in the modern age.<ref name="about btg"/>

''Bhagavad Darshanam'' ({{lang-ml|ഭഗവദ് ദർശനം}}), published since 31 July 2010, is the monthly [[Malayalam]] edition of the ''Back to Godhead'' magazine.<ref name="isn">{{cite news|title=Back To Godhead in "God’s Own Country"|url=http://iskconnews.org/back-to-godhead-in-gods-own-country,2110/|accessdate=28 October 2016|work=ISKCON News|date=13 August 2010|location=Thiruvananthapuram}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://btgkerala.com/bhagavad-darshanam-magazine/|title=BBT Kerala: Magazine content}}</ref>

''Jau Devachiya Gava'' ({{lang-mr|जाऊ देवाचिया गावा||Go back to the abode of God}}) is the monthly [[Marathi language|Marathi]] edition of the ''Back to Godhead'' magazine.[http://btg-india.blogspot.com/2009/04/]

==History==
In 1944, [[A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada]] founded ''Back to Godhead'' magazine in Calcutta and published it sporadically between 1944 and 1966, despite India's war-related paper shortage.<ref name="prm">{{cite book |title=Popular Religious Magazines of the United States |year=1995 |editor-first1=P. Mark |editor-last1=Fackler |editor-first2=Charles H. |editor-last2=Lippy |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Greenwood Press]] |isbn=0-313-28533-0 |pages=58-60}}</ref> The first issue was published in February of 1944 in Calcutta at the founder's home who wrote the articles, typed the manuscripts, and designed a logo similar to the logo used today.<ref name="40-years-btg">{{cite web|url=https://back2godhead.com/40-years-btg/|title=40 Years of Back To Godhead Magazine}}</ref> Most of the issues published between 1944 and 1960 were tabloid sized—one sheet folded in half making four pages of type.<ref name="40-years-btg"/> The founder wrote almost all the articles, oversaw the printing of a thousand copies of each issue, and single-handedly distributed every copy.<ref name="40-years-btg"/>

In 1965 (age 70), he left for New York with the determination to fulfill a mission given to him by his own spiritual guru, [[Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati]], to spread Krishna Consciousness throughout the English-speaking world.<ref name="prm"/> In the fall of 1966, after establishing the first center of the [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness]] in New York City, the founder handed over the job of writing and publishing the ''Back to Godhead'' magazine to his first disciples.<ref name="40-years-btg"/> In the basement of a storefront on Manhattan's Lower East Side, he produced the first American issue—a simple twenty-eight page [[Mimeograph|mimeographed]] and stapled piece—which had a distribution of one hundred copies and focused on helping readers understand their relationship with [[Krishna]] and how to love Krishna.<ref name="prm"/> The first issues in America were printed on a mimeograph machine the founder purchased secondhand from a country club in Queens.<ref name="40-years-btg"/>

In the 1970s, through ''[[Kirtan|sankirtana]]'' (public chanting), the ''Back to Godhead'' magazine arose to its height of circulation, doubling each year from 1974 to 1976, peaking near half a million, though it had very few subscribers and was distributed to individuals on street corners.<ref name="prm"/>

In the late 1970s, circulation began to drop as ISKCON focused more on small books as a cheaper means to spread their philosophy, which, with a change in readership and evolving format, continued to decline in the 1980s.<ref name="prm"/>

In 1991, with a drastically cut circulation, the ''Back to Godhead'' magazine reemerged double in size (64 pages) with bimonthly (every two months) issues and was for the first time subscription driven, targeting three audiences: devotees, Indians, and Westerners. The focus changed from introducing to appealing to those already interested.<ref name="prm"/>

==Purpose==
The six purposes of the ''Back to Godhead'' magazine:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://btg.krishna.com/|title=Back to Godhead}}</ref>
# To help all people discern reality from illusion, spirit from matter, the eternal from the temporary.
# To expose the faults of materialism.
# To offer guidance in the Vedic techniques of spiritual life.
# To preserve and spread the Vedic culture.
# To celebrate the chanting of the holy names of God as taught by Lord Sri [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]].
# To help every living being remember and serve Sri [[Krishna]], the Supreme Personality of Godhead.

==Motto==
The front banner on the ''Back to Godhead'' magazine bears the motto:<ref name="his"/>
{{quote|Godhead is Light, Nescience is darkness. Where there is Godhead there is no Nescience.}}

An explanation of the motto can be found in a letter dated September 7, 1972:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vanisource.org/wiki/720907_-_Letter_to_Tamala_Krishna_written_from_New_Vrindaban,_USA|title=720907 - Letter to Tamala Krishna written from New Vrindaban, USA}}</ref>
{{quote|The whole world is full of darkness. The so-called yogis, swamis, mayavadis, scientists, philosophers, political leaders, all are different types of glowworms, so in the darkness of cloudy night during the rainy season, the croaking of the frogs and glitterings of the glowworms are supposed to be very prominent. But as soon as there is clear sunlight or moonlight, all these insignificant glowing and croaking disappear. So our movement is Krishna. The Krishna Consciousness Movement is nondifferent from Krishna. If we therefore present the Krishna Consciousness in right earnestness, then certainly all these insignificant glowworms and frogs will have no more importance. Please therefore take it very seriously and do it on the right path which is not very difficult, then certainly we will come out victorious all over the world.}}

==Published issues==
From 1944 to 2020 (77 years), 438 issues of the ''Back to Godhead'' magazine were published.

===1944 to 1960===
From 1944 to 1960 (17 years), 29 issues of the ''Back to Godhead'' magazine were published. These issues were published in India by the founder for 5 years during a 17-year period.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vanisource.org/wiki/Back_to_Godhead_Magazines_1944_to_1960|title=Back to Godhead Magazines 1944 to 1960}}</ref> There were no publications from 1961 to 1965.
{{div col|colwidth=20em|small=yes}}
* {{abbr|Vol.|Volume}} 1 Parts 1, 2, 3 & 4 (14 Feb 1944){{efn|Vol. 1 Parts 1–4 (1944): "1944 - February 14 - Publishes the first 'Back to Godhead' magazine on Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura's appearance day." [https://vanipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Srila_Prabhupada%27s_Life].}}
* Vol. 1 Part 2 (Oct 1944)
* Vol. 1 Part 8 (16 Feb 1952)
* Vol. 1 Part 9 (Mar 1952)
* Vol. 3 Part 1 (1 Mar 1956)
* Vol. 3 Part 2 (16 Mar 1956)
* Vol. 3 Part 3 (5 Apr 1956)
* Vol. 3 Part 4 (20 Apr 1956)
* Vol. 3 Part 5 (5 May 1956)
* Vol. 3 Part 6 (20 May 1956)
* Vol. 3 Part 7 (5 Jun 1956)
* Vol. 3 Part 8 (20 Jun 1956)
* Vol. 3 Part 9 (5 Oct 1956)
* Vol. 3 Part 10 (20 Oct 1956)
* Vol. 3 Part 11 (5 Nov 1956)
* Vol. 3 Part 12 (20 Nov 1956)
* Vol. 3 Part 13 (20 Oct 1958)
* Vol. 3 Part 14 (20 Nov 1958)
* Vol. 3 Part 15 (20 Feb 1960)
* Vol. 3 Part 16 (20 Mar 1960)
* Vol. 3 Part 17 (5 Apr 1960)
* Vol. 3 Part 18 (20 Apr 1960)
* Vol. 3 Part 19 (5 May 1960)
* Vol. 3 Part 20 (20 May 1960)
* Vol. 3 Part 21 (5 Jun 1960)
* Vol. 3 Part 22 (5 Jul 1960)
* Vol. 3 Part 23 (20 Jul 1960)
* Vol. 3 Part 24 (5 Aug 1960)
* Vol. 4 Part 1 (5 Sep 1960)
{{div col end}}

===1966 to 1974===
From 1966 to 1974 (9 years), 68 issues of the ''Back to Godhead'' magazine were published. These publications maintain a continuous issue number with the exception of the first two issues of 1968. Most of the publications are missing the publication month, and in some cases, the year.<ref name="btg 1966 to 1977">{{cite web|url=https://vanisource.org/wiki/Back_to_Godhead_Magazines_1966_to_1977|title=Back to Godhead Magazines 1966 to 1977}}</ref> These and future publications were published after the founder re-established the ''Back to Godhead'' magazine in the United States and handed over the job of writing and publishing to his disciples.<ref name="40-years-btg"/>
{{div col|colwidth=17em|small=yes}}
* {{abbr|Vol.|Volume}} 1 {{abbr|No.|Number}} 1 (23 Oct 1966)
* Vol. 1 No. 2 (12 Nov 1966)
* Vol. 1 No. 3 (1 Dec 1966)
* Vol. 1 No. 4 (15 Dec 1966)
* Vol. 1 No. 5 (1 Jan 1967)
* Vol. 1 No. 6 (20 Jan 1967)
* Vol. 1 No. 7 (1 Feb 1967)
* Vol. 1 No. 8 (15 Feb 1967)
* Vol. 1 No. 9 (1 Mar 1967)
* Vol. 1 No. 10 (20 Mar 1967)
* Vol. 1 No. 11 ({{circa}} 27 Apr 1967){{efn|Vol. 1 No. 11 (Apr 1967): "The above picture is reproduced from the front page of the Boston Globe, April 27, 1967." "Please forgive the late appearance of this issue, which is in fact out of sequence" [http://vanimedia.org/w/images/0/01/040_1967_01-11.pdf see "BY THE MERCY OF KRISHNA"].}}
* Vol. 1 No. 12 (21 Apr 1967)
* Vol. 1 No. 13 (Jun 1967)
* Vol. 1 No. 14 (1967)
* Vol. 1 No. 15 ({{circa}} 30 Aug 1967){{efn|Vol. 1 No. 15 (1967): "This issue falls just after the Appearance Days of the Supreme Lord, Sri Krishna, and of our Spiritual Master, Sri Bhaktivedanta Swami" [http://vanimedia.org/w/images/a/a6/044_1967_01-15.pdf p. 4]. Janmastami on 28 Aug 1967 and Prabhupada's vyasa-puja on 29 Aug 1967 [https://vanipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Srila_Prabhupada%27s_Life_-_1967].}}
* Vol. 2 {{abbr|Nos.|Numbers}} 1–2 (1968)
* No. 18 ({{circa}} 1 Jul 1968){{efn|No. 18 (1968): Advertised "on sale July 1st" in previous issue [http://vanimedia.org/w/images/e/e6/047_1968_01-18.pdf p. 26].}}
* No. 19 ({{circa}} 1 Oct 1968){{efn|No. 19 (1968): Advertised "on sale October 1st" in previous issue [http://vanimedia.org/w/images/3/36/046_1968_01-17.pdf p. 20].}}
* No. 20 ({{circa}} 1 Nov 1968){{efn|No. 20 (1968): Advertised "on sale November 1st" in previous issue [http://vanimedia.org/w/images/f/f6/048_1968_01-19.pdf p. 29].}}
* No. 21 ({{circa}} 1 Dec 1968){{efn|No. 21 (1968): Advertised "on sale December 1st" in previous issue [http://vanimedia.org/w/images/8/82/049_1968_01-20.pdf p. 20].}}
* No. 22 (28 Feb 1969)
* No. 23 (18 Apr 1969)
* No. 24 (Aug 1969)
* No. 25 (Sep 1969)
* No. 26 (Oct 1969)
* {{abbr|Nos.|Numbers}} 27–31 (1969)
* Nos. 32–38 (1970)
* Nos. 39–44 ({{circa}} 1971)
* Nos. 45–50 ({{circa}} 1972)
* Nos. 51–60 (1973)
* Nos. 61–68 (1974)
{{div col end}}

===1975 to 1989===
From 1975 to 1989 (15 years), 161 issues of the ''Back to Godhead'' magazine were published across 15 volumes, each having 11 issues with the exception of 10 issues in volumes 15 and 16, and 9 issues in volume 24. These publications have a yearly volume number, where volume 1 is assigned to 1966. Each issue number corresponds to a month with some publications spanning two months (e.g. 1 = Jan; 2/3 = Feb/Mar; 12 = Dec).<ref name="btg 1966 to 1977"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://back2godhead.com/category/pdf/|title=Back to Godhead PDF}}</ref><ref name="idt_btg_english">{{cite web|url=https://btg.iskcondesiretree.com/Back_To_Godhead_-_pdf_format/index.php?q=f&f=%2FEnglish|title=Back to Godhead English}}</ref> The first issue of 1978 was written in remembrance of the founder, who passed away in November of 1977.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://back2godhead.com/back-to-godhead-january-february-1978-pdf-download/|title=Back To Godhead January & February 1978}}</ref> There were no publications in 1990 when the ''Back to Godhead'' magazine was being restructured.<ref name="prm"/>
{{div col|colwidth=22em|small=yes}}
* {{abbr|Vol.|Volume}} 10 (1975) {{abbr|Nos.|Numbers}} 1–4, 5/6, 7–12
* {{abbr|Vols.|Volumes}} 11–12 (1976–77) Nos. 1–2, 3/4, 5–12
* Vol. 13 (1978) Nos. 1/2, 3–12
* Vol. 14 (1979) Nos. 1, 2/3, 4–12
* Vols. 15–16 (1980–81) Nos. 1/2, 3/4, 5–12
* Vols. 17–23 (1982–88) Nos. 1, 2/3, 4–12
* Vol. 24 (1989) Nos. 1/2, 3–10
{{div col end}}

===1991 to present===
From 1991 to 2020 (30 years), 180 issues of the ''Back to Godhead'' magazine were published across 30 volumes, each having 6 issues. These publications have a yearly volume number. Each issue number corresponds to a two-month period (e.g. 1 = Jan/Feb; 6 = Nov/Dec).<ref name="idt_btg_english"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://btg.krishna.com/previous-issues|title=Previous Issues}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=19em|small=yes}}
* {{abbr|Vols.|Volumes}} 25–54 (1991–2020) {{abbr|Nos.|Numbers}} 1–6
{{div col end}}

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://btg.krishna.com/about-btg ''Back to Godhead'' magazine (about)]
* [http://www.backtogodhead.in/history/ ''Back to Godhead'' magazine (history)]
* [https://btgkerala.com/bhagavad-darshanam/ ''Bhagavad Darshanam'' magazine (about Malayalam ed.)]

[[Category:English-language magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Hindu magazines]]
[[Category:International Society for Krishna Consciousness media]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1944]]
[[Category:Religious magazines]]

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Back to Godhead - Revision history

Delinker at 12:14, 31 July 2023