>Kwamikagami at 17:21, 21 June 2021

2021-06-21T17:21:22Z

New page

{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=June 2020}}
{{Cleanup|reason=grammar, encyclopedic tone|date=June 2020}}}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Badaga
| nativename = படுக (ಬಡಗ)
| state = [[India]]
| region = [[The Nilgiris District|The Nilgiris]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| ethnicity = [[Badaga people|Badaga]]
| speakers =
| date = 2011 census
| familycolor = Dravidian
| fam2 = [[Southern Dravidian languages|Southern]]
| fam3 = [[Tamil-Kannada languages|Tamil-Kannada]]
| fam4 = [[Kannada dialects|Kannada languages]]
| iso3 = bfq
| glotto = bada1257
| glottorefname = Badaga
| script = [[Tamil script]]
| notice = IPA
}}

'''Badaga''' is a southern [[Dravidian language]] spoken by the [[Badagas|Badaga]] people of the [[Nilgiris district]] of Northwest [[Tamil Nadu]]. The language is closely related to [[Kannada language|Kannada]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Hockings|first=Paul|title=Badaga|date=2004|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology: Health and Illness in the World’s Cultures Volume I: Topics Volume II: Cultures|pages=572–578|editor-last=Ember|editor-first=Carol R.|place=Boston, MA|publisher=Springer US|language=en|doi=10.1007/0-387-29905-x_57|isbn=978-0-387-29905-1|editor2-last=Ember|editor2-first=Melvin}}</ref>

==Phonology==
Badaga has five vowels qualities, {{IPA|/i e a o u/}}, each of which may be long or short and until the 1930s were contrastively half and fully retroflexed, for a total of 30 vowel phonemes.<ref>Emenau (1931) reports no tokens of {{IPA|/i˞˞/}}, but suggests this is an accidental gap.</ref> Current speakers only distinguish retroflection for a few vowels.<ref>{{cite web |title=Badaga |publisher=UCLA Phonetics Lab |url=http://www.phonetics.ucla.edu/appendix/languages/badaga/badaga.html |access-date=9 May 2013}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+Example words<ref>{{cite web |title= Word List for Badaga |publisher=UCLA Phonetics Lab |url=http://archive.phonetics.ucla.edu/Language/BFQ/bfq_word-list_1992_03.html |access-date=9 May 2013}}</ref>
! IPA
! Gloss
|-
|{{IPA|/noː/}}||disease
|-
|{{IPA|/po˞˞ː/}}||scar
|-
|{{IPA|/mo˞e˞/}} || sprout
|-
|{{IPA|/a˞e˞/}} || tiger's den
|-
|{{IPA|/ha˞ːsu/}} ||to spread out
|-
|{{IPA|/ka˞˞ːʃu/}} || to remove
|-
|{{IPA|/i˞ːu˞˞/}} ||seven
|-
|{{IPA|/hu˞˞ːj/}} ||tamarind
|-
|{{IPA|/be˞ː/}}|| bangle
|-
|{{IPA|/be˞˞ː/}}||banana
|-
|{{IPA|/huj/}}||to strike
|-
|{{IPA|/hu˞j/}}|| tamarind
|-
|{{IPA|/u˞˞j/}} ||chisel
|}

Note on transcription: rhoticity {{angbr IPA|◌˞}} indicates half-retroflexion; doubled {{angbr IPA|◌˞˞}} it indicates full retroflexion.

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!colspan="2"|
![[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|m
|n
|ɳ
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Stop consonant|Stop]]
!{{Small|voiceless}}
|p
|t
|ʈ
|c
|k
|-
!{{Small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|b
|d
|ɖ
|ɟ
|g
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
|v
|s
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|l
|ɻ
|j
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Trill consonant|Trill]]
|
|r
|
|
|
|}

==Writing system==
Several attempts were made at constructing an orthography based on [[English language|English]], [[Kannada]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]]. The earliest printed book using [[Kannada script]] was a Christian work, "Anga Kartagibba Yesu Kristana Olleya Suddiya Pustaka" by Basel Mission Press of [[Mangaluru]] in 1890.<ref>http://gospelgo.com/q/Badaga%20Bible%20-%20Gospel%20of%20Luke.pdf</ref>

[[File:Badaga script- Vowels and Consonants (jeeva Swara and Dheha Swara).jpg|thumb|Usage of vowels and consonants of Tamil-Kannada script to create Badaga script]]
[[File:Badaga script- Jeevadhehagalu.jpg|thumb|Usage of [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-[[Kannada]] script to create Badaga script]]

The Badaga language is also written in the [[Tamil script]].

List of Books in Kannada Script:<ref>https://archive.org/details/kannadabadagakur00brit</ref>
#Anga Kartagibba Yesu Kristana Olleya Suddiya Pustaka
#Jonah
#Mana Kannadi
#Marka Bareda Loka ratchagana kade
#Zion

===Dictionary===
The Badaga language is well studied and several Badaga-English Dictionaries have been produced since the latter part of the nineteenth century.<ref name="dictionary">{{cite book |last1=Paul Hockings |first1=Christiane Pilot-Raichoor |title=A Badaga-English Dictionary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a74HA_RX3rIC&q=badaga+people |access-date=6 February 2013 |edition=Reprint |year=1992 |publisher=Mouton de Gruyter |isbn= 9783110126778}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Incubator|code=bfq}}
* [http://www.badaga.com Online community of Badagas worldwide]
* [http://badaga.chilume.com/ Badaga literature]
* [https://www.badugaa.com/ A website on the Badaga]
* [http://lacito.vjf.cnrs.fr/pangloss/corpus/list_rsc_en.php?lg=Badaga&name=Badaga Audio recordings in Badaga, with annotations in trilingual format (Badaga, English, French)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109062519/http://lacito.vjf.cnrs.fr/pangloss/corpus/list_rsc_en.php?lg=Badaga&name=Badaga |date=9 November 2019 }} – transcribed and translated by C. Pilot-Raichoor – <small>site of the [[Pangloss Collection]], [[CNRS]]-[[LACITO]]</small>

{{Dravidian languages}}
{{Languages of India}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Badaga Language}}
[[Category:Dravidian languages]]
[[Category:Endangered diaspora languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tamil Nadu]]

Badaga language - Revision history

>Kwamikagami at 17:21, 21 June 2021