UpdateBot at 18:05, 21 June 2022

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{{Short description|Indian dish, bearing a resemblance to baba ghanoush}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox food
| name = Baingan bharta
| image = Baigan ( Brinjal ) Bharta.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption =Baignan bharta
| region = [[Indian subcontinent]]
|national cuisine =
| country =[[India]]
| course =
| served =
| main_ingredient = [[Eggplant]], [[onion]], [[tomato]], [[Chili pepper|chili]], [[Indian spices]]
|alternate_name=Begun bhorta}}
'''Baingan bharta''' (mashed eggplant){{Efn|Or else: ''Baingan ka Shahi Bharta'' or ''Baingan da Bhartha''}} is an Indian dish prepared by mincing grilled [[eggplant]] (''baingan'') and mixing it with tomato, onion, herbs and spices. Grilling the eggplant over charcoal or direct fire infuses the dish with a [[Smoking (cooking)|smoky]] flavour. Mashed eggplant is then mixed with cooked chopped tomato, browned onion, [[ginger]], garlic, [[cumin]], fresh [[cilantro]] (coriander leaves), [[chili pepper]], and [[mustard oil]] or a neutral vegetable oil.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jaffrey |first=Madhur |author-link=Madhur Jaffrey |year=2011 |title=An Invitation to Indian Cooking |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jFyqJdn0qZMC |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |page=162 |isbn=978-0-375-71211-1}}</ref> Traditionally, the dish is often eaten with flatbread (specifically [[roti]] or [[paratha]]) and is also served with rice or [[raita]], a [[yogurt]] salad. In [[Bihar]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]], it is served hot with ''[[Litti (cuisine)|litti]]'' or [[baati]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=KUMAWAT |first=LOVESH |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3OrkDwAAQBAJ |title=CUISINE |date=2020-05-18 |publisher=NotionPress |isbn=978-1-64850-162-3 |language=en}}</ref>

In [[India]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Bangladesh]], ''baingan bharta'' is part of popular cuisine. In India, it is made in various regional styles, with ingredients varying from one region to another.

== Names ==

The dish has several regional names, such as: {{transliteration|hi|baingan ka bharta}} ({{lang-hi|बैंगन का भरता}}, {{lang-ur| بینگن کا بھرتہ}}), {{transliteration|pa|baingan da bharrtha}} ({{lang-pa|ਬੈਂਗਣ ਦਾ ਭੱੜਥਾ}}), {{transliteration|gju|ringan no oro}} ({{lang-gu|રીંગણનો ઓળો}}), {{transliteration|ass|pura begena satoni}} ({{lang-as|পুৰা বেঙেনা চাটনি}}) or {{transliteration|ass|bengena pitika}} ({{lang-as|বেঙেনা পিটিকা}}), {{transliteration|mr|wangyacha bharit}} ({{lang-mr|वांग्याचं भरीत}}), {{transliteration|kn|ennegayi}} ({{lang-kn|ಎಣ್ಣೆಗಾಯಿ}}), {{transliteration|or|baigana bhartta}} ({{lang-or|ବାଇଗଣ ଭର୍ତ୍ତା}}), {{transliteration|bn|[[Romanization of Bengali|begun bhôrta]]}} ({{lang-bn|বেগুন ভর্তা}}), ''baingoin satni'' ([[Sylheti dialect|Sylheti]]: ꠛꠣꠁꠋꠉꠂꠘ ꠌꠣꠐꠘꠤ) and {{transliteration|gu|olo}} ([[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]),
[[Pachi Pulusu]] in [[Telugu language|Telugu]].

==Variants==
In [[Gujarat]], it is called ''Ringan No Oro'' ({{lang-gu| રીંગણનો ઓળો}}), in which the eggplant is roasted, then mashed, and then sautéed with mustard and cumin seeds, turmeric, red chilli powder, ginger and garlic and salt. It is served with ''bajra no rotlo'' ({{lang-gu|બાજરાંનો રોટલો}}), ''kadhi'' (a soup prepared by gram flour, curd and spices), [[khichadi]] and ''chhaash'' ({{lang-gu|છાશ}}) (buttermilk).

In [[Karnataka]], it is called ''eṇṇegāyi'' and prepared by boiling and frying whole eggplant usually served with ''[[akki rotti]]''. In the [[South India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]], the [[Tamil people|Tamils]] prepare a similar dish called ''kathrikai thayir kothsu'', in which the eggplant is cooked, mashed, and sautéed with [[mustard (condiment)|mustard]], red chilis and [[sesame oil]]. The final step in the recipe involves adding yogurt (curds) to the mixture and dressing the dish with coriander leaves.

In the [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]-speaking regions of India (such as eastern Uttar Pradesh and western Bihar), it is known as ''baigan ka chokha'';<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kumari |first=Arunima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18MwBQAAQBAJ |title=Encyclopedia of Bihar |date=2021-01-19 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |isbn=978-93-5048-390-9 |language=en}}</ref> it is also popular within the [[Indo-Caribbeans|Indo-Caribbean]] communities of [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Suriname]], and [[Guyana]], where many descendants of [[Indian indenture system|indentured labourers]] from northern India live.

In Maharashtra, especially in the northern [[Khandesh]] region, ''vangyache bharit'' as they call it is served in social gatherings including wedding ceremonies. During harvest season, a special "''bharit'' party" is organised. ''Bharit'' is usually served with ''[[puri]]''. In the [[Vidarbha]] and Khandesh regions of [[Maharashtra]], two variants are popular: {{transliteration|khn|kachha}} ("raw") {{transliteration|khn|bharit}} and {{transliteration|khn|phodni cha}} (with {{transliteration|khn|tadka}}) {{transliteration|khn|bharit}}. In {{transliteration|khn|kachha bharit}}, all the ingredients except for eggplant are used uncooked. Raw spring onion, tomato, green chillies, green coriander, and sometimes fresh fenugreek leaves are mixed with flame-roasted eggplant along with raw [[linseed oil]] or peanut oil. In {{transliteration|khn|phodni cha bharit}}, the above ingredients are first fried in oil with spices; then, mashed eggplants are mixed into it and cooked together. The similar process is followed in other Indian states and Pakistan with slight variations on ingredients. In Vidarbha and Khandesh, it is considered a delicacy when the eggplants are roasted on a dried cotton plant stems, a process which gives a distinct smokey flavour to the dish. The dish is served with ''[[dal]], [[bhakri]]'', and rice.

<gallery widths="180" heights="120">
File:Baigan Bharta.jpg
File:Baigan ka Bharta.jpg|Baingan bharta with ''[[roti]]'' and [[lentil]]s
File:Litti Chokha.jpg|''Litti chokha'', [[Litti (cuisine)|''litti'']] with ''baigan bharta'', a North Indian dish
File:Baigan Bharta from Nagpur.JPG|''Baigan bharta'' made in [[Nagpur]], Maharashtra
File:Baingan Ka Bharta.JPG
File:ಎಣ್ಣೆಗಾಯಿ - ಅಕ್ಕಿ ರೊಟ್ಟಿ.jpg |''[[Akki rotti]]'' with ''eṇṇegāyi'', a [[Cuisine of Karnataka|Karnataka]] dish
</gallery>

==Protest symbol==
In a protest against [[BT Brinjal]] and the introduction of [[Genetically modified food|genetically modified crops]], volunteers from [[Greenpeace]] and Delhi's [[Le Méridien]] hotel cooked {{convert|342|kg|lb}} of [[Organic food|organic]] ''brinjal bharta'' at [[Dilli Haat]], New Delhi, on 6 September 2011. This set a world record for the largest amount of the dish produced in one occasion of preparation. A portion of the final dish was sent to Indian Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]]'s residence, accompanied by a letter of protest containing an explanation.<ref>{{cite news|title=Protesters say no to BT Brinjal in a unique way |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Protesters-say-no-to-BT-Brinjal-in-a-unique-way/Article1-742464.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103163316/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Protesters-say-no-to-BT-Brinjal-in-a-unique-way/Article1-742464.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 January 2013 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=6 September 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Giant Baigan ka Bharta makes for a delicious record|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-07/delhi/30122772_1_bt-brinjal-gm-crops-chefs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107020850/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-07/delhi/30122772_1_bt-brinjal-gm-crops-chefs |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 November 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=7 September 2011 }}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==See also==
* [[Baba ghanoush]], Middle Eastern recipe from baked eggplant
* [[List of eggplant dishes]]

== References ==

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160528090929/http://rice-n-curry.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=55:baigan-bharta-north-indian-vegeterian&catid=9:weekdays&Itemid=14 Step by step recipe of authentic baigan Bharta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180617121812/http://www.foodandcuisine.com/recipes/baingan-bharta-recipe-with-spring-onion Baingan Bharta Recipe with Spring Onion]

{{Navboxes|list1 =
{{Culture of West Bengal}}
{{Indian Dishes}}
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[[Category:Punjabi cuisine]]
[[Category:Bengali cuisine]]
[[Category:Pakistani vegetable dishes]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi vegetable dishes]]
[[Category:North Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:Eggplant dishes]]
[[Category:Hindi words and phrases]]
[[Category:Indian vegetable dishes]]
[[Category:Smoked food]]

Baingan bharta - Revision history

UpdateBot at 18:05, 21 June 2022