2409:4042:D8B:5897:975:597:2978:8970 at 13:21, 10 February 2022

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{{Short description|Hindu temple of goddess Chamunda in Bhubaneswar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Baitala deuḷa
| native_name = ବଇତାଳ ଦେଉଳ
| image =
{{Photomontage
| photo1a = Baitala Deula Bhubaneswar 15 (cropped).jpg
| photo1b = Baitala Deula Bhubaneswar 20 (cropped).jpg
| photo2a = Baitala Deula Bhubaneswar 02.jpg
| size = 200
| border = 4
| spacing = 3
| color = #ffffff
| position = center
}}
| alt =
| caption =Clockwise from top left : Side view of main deula, ''Ardhanarishwara'' image, View of ''deula'' and ''jagamohana'' with three towers & flags visible which give it the name ''tinimundia deula''
| map_type = India Odisha
| map_caption = Location in [[Odisha, India|Odisha]]
| coordinates = {{coord|20|16|N|85|15|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Odisha, India|Odisha]]
| district = [[Khurda]]
| location = [[Bhubaneswar]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Chamunda]] (Kapalini)
| primary_deity_Godess =
| utsava_deity_God =
| utsava_deity_Godess=
| Direction_posture =
| Pushakarani =
| Vimanam =
| Poets =
| Prathyaksham =
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Kalinga architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
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| website =
}}

'''Baitāḷa deuḷa''' or '''Vaitāḷa deuḷa''' ({{Lang-or|ବଇତାଳ ଦେଉଳ}}) is an 8th-century [[Hindu temple]] of the typical [[Deula|Khakara style]] of the [[Kalinga architecture]] dedicated to Goddess [[Chamunda]] located in [[Bhubaneswar]], the capital city of [[Odisha, India]]. It is also locally known as ''Tini-mundia deula'' due to the three spires on top of it, a very distinct and unusual feature. The three spires are believed to represent the three powers of the goddess Chamunda - Mahasaraswati, Mahalakshmi and Mahakali.

==Architecture==
Baitaḷa Deuḷa Temple’s striking feature is the shape of its sanctuary tower. The semi-cylindrical shape of its roof is a leading example of [[Khakhara Deula|Khakhara]] order of temples— which bears an affinity to the [[Dravidan style|Dravidian]] [[Gopuram]] of the South Indian temples. Its gabled towers with a row of [[Shikhara]]s reveals unmistakable signs of southern intrusion.<ref>D.P.Ghosh, Nirmal Kumar Bose and Y.D.Sharma. ''Designs from Orissan Temples''. P.24</ref> The plan of the deuḷa is oblong and the ''[[Jaga mohan|jagamohana]]'' is a rectangular structure, but embedded in each angle is a small subsidiary shrine. Baitala deuḷa boasts of some figures, although executed in relief, are however characterized by delicacy of features and perfect equipoise.<ref name="encyclo">{{Cite book |last=Brockman |first=Norbert C. |title= Encyclopedia of Sacred Places |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediasacr00broc |url-access=limited |year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO, LLC |location=California |isbn=978-1-59884-655-3|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediasacr00broc/page/n242 212]–213}}</ref><ref name=Parida>{{cite book|title=Early Temples of Orissa|last=Parida|first=A.N.|publisher=Commonwealth Publishers|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-7169-519-1|ref=Parida|year=1999|edition=1st|pages=85–89}}</ref>

The outer walls are encrusted with panels of Hindu deities, mostly [[Shiva]] and his consort [[Parvati]], hunting processions, capturing of wild elephants and the occasional erotic couples.

The facade of the deuḷa above the left of the ''jagamohana'' is dominated by two ''chaitya'' windows—the lower one having a carved figure of the sun god, [[Surya]] noted for its facial expression, with [[Usha (goddess)|Usha]] (Dawn) and Pratyusha shooting arrows on either side and with [[Aruṇa|A]]runa in front, driving a chariot of seven horses.

The medallion in the upper ''Chaitya'' window houses a 10-armed [[Nataraja]], the dancing form of Shiva. In front of the flat roofed ''Jagamohana'' is a stone post relieved with two Buddha like figures seated in Dharma-Chakra-Pravartana mudra.

Another striking feature is temple's [[Tantra|Tantric]] associations, marked by eerie carvings in the sanctum. The image enshrined in the central niche, eight armed [[Chamunda]], locally known as Kapaḷini, is the terrifying form of goddess. Thus, Baitāḷa Deuḷa is a [[Shakti]] shrine.

==The Deity==
[[File:Baitala Deula Bhubaneswar 17.jpg|thumb|466x466px|Vertical panorama of the entire temple]]

The presiding deity, [[Chamunda]] or Charchika sits on a corpse flanked by a jackal and an owl and decorated with a [[Mundamala|garland of skulls]]. She holds a snake, bow, shield, sword, trident, thunderbolt and an arrow, and is piercing the neck of the demon. The niche is capped by a chaitya window containing seated figures of Shiva and Parvati.

Chamunda is surrounded by a host of other smaller size allied deities carved in the lower parts of the walls, each within a niche separate by a pilaster. The figure on the east wall, to the right of the door, is a skeleton form of [[Bhairava]], the counterpart of Chamunda.

The other, carved on the north wall, rises from ground, having filled his skull-cup with the blood of a person whose severed head lies on the right. On the pedestal is an offering of two more heads on a tray resting on a tripod, flanked by a jackal feasting on the decapitated body on the right and a woman holding a head on the left.

The tantric character of the temple is also marked by the stone post, to which sacrificial offerings were tethered, just in front of the ''jagamohana''. Artificial light is needed to see in the darkness of the interior, though early morning sun lights up the interior.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Sculptures on Vaital Deul, Bhubaneswar.jpg|
File:Sculpture of Alasa Kanya at Vaital Deul - Feb 2008.jpg|Alasakanya
File:Baitala Deula Bhubaneswar 07.jpg|Ganesha
File:Baitala Deula Bhubaneswar 01.jpg|

File:Baitala Deula Bhubaneswar 08.jpg|
File:Bhuvanesvar1019.jpg|A pediment in one of the sides of the temple depicting Shiva in a sitting position
File:Bhuvanesvar1027.jpg|A pediment on top of two columns and a niche.
File:Baitala Deula Bhubaneswar 03.jpg|Supposed stone on which sacrifices were made. It is known as a ''harikāṭha'' or ''jupastambha''.
File:Baitala Deula Bhubaneswar 05.jpg|Supposed stone on which sacrifices were made, close-up.
File:Bhuvanesvar1017.jpg|A pediment on one of the sides of the temple.
File:Bhuvanesvar1021.jpg|A close up on the central pediment
File:Bhuvanesvar1022.jpg|Relief detail on Baitala Deula temple with the symbol of Purna Kalasha surrounded by garlands.
File:Bhuvanesvar25.jpg|A double pediment depicting a dancing Shiva
File:Baitala Deula Bhubaneswar 28.jpg|Inscription on outer right wall in Odia script. It reads 'ସ୍ରୀକାସୀପ୍ତୀ ସ୍ରଣ' (transliteration : ''sri kasīptī sraṇa'') in old Odia which means 'I seek shelter at the feet of the Lord of Kashi [=Shiva]'
File:Bhuvanesvar1026.jpg|Several pediments at one side of the temple.
File:Baitala Deula Bhubaneswar 11.jpg|
File:Baitala Deula Bhubaneswar 09.jpg|
File:Baitala Deula Bhubaneswar 06.jpg|Parvati
File:Baitala Deula Bhubaneswar 20.jpg|Ardhanarishwara
File:Baitala Deula Bhubaneswar 23.jpg|Alasakanya
</gallery>

{{Panorama|image=File:Baitala Deula Bhubaneswar 16.jpg|height=230|alt=|caption=Panorama with street}}

==See also==
* [[Varahi Deula, Chaurasi]]
* [[List of temples in Bhubaneswar]]

==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Vaital Deula}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090606071023/http://www.planetware.com/bhubaneswar/vaital-temple-ind-oris-vaital.htm The chamunda temple]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100806114943/http://www.religiousportal.com/VaitalTemple.html The Chamuda form of Durga in Bhubaneswar]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101221225043/http://ignca.nic.in/asp/all.asp?projectid=orkhr2360001 More pictures on Vaital deuḷa]
* [http://fromtraveldiaries.tumblr.com/post/66452709063/vaitala-deula-teeni-mundia-deula Vaitala Deula (Teeni Mundia Deula)]

{{Temples in Bhubaneswar}}
{{Shakti temples in Orissa}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Shakti temples]]
[[Category:9th-century Hindu temples]]

Baitala Deula - Revision history

2409:4042:D8B:5897:975:597:2978:8970 at 13:21, 10 February 2022