https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Bandhua_Mukti_MorchaBandhua Mukti Morcha - Revision history2026-07-31T18:41:23ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Bandhua_Mukti_Morcha&diff=42721&oldid=prev>Tom.Reding at 18:30, 29 December 20202020-12-29T18:30:30Z<p></p>
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[[File:Swami Agnivesh (2019).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Swami Agnivesh]], Chairman, '''BLLF''']]<br />
'''Bandhua Mukti Morcha''' ('''BMM''') ({{lang-hi|बंधुआ मुक्ति मोर्चा}}, {{lang-ur|بندھوا مکتی مورچا}}) or '''Bonded Labour Liberation Front''' ('''BLLF''') is a [[non-governmental organisation]] in [[India]] working to end [[Debt bondage|bonded labour]]. Based in [[New Delhi]], it was founded in 1981 by [[Swami Agnivesh]] who continued as its chairman until his death in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tandon|first=Aditi|date=2020-09-11|title=Social activist Swami Agnivesh dies at 80|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/social-activist-agnivesh-dies-at-80-139824|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-09-13|website=Tribune India}}</ref><br />
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Bonded labour was legally abolished in India in 1976 but remains prevalent, with weak enforcement of the law by state governments. Estimates of the problem vary. Official figures include a 1993 estimate of 251,000 bonded labourers<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/TestFrame/3ac98c66e2ac2f85802566c2003ce975?Opendocument|title=unhchr.ch|website=www.unhchr.ch}}</ref> while BMM says there are 20 - 65 million bonded labourers. A 2003 project by [[Human Rights Watch]] has reported a major problem with bonded child labour in the [[silk]] industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/india/index.htm#TopOfPage|title=Small Change|publisher=}}</ref><br />
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==Achievements==<br />
BMM's efforts are credited with the passing of legislation to abolish child labour in India (the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1986. This followed a 1984 [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] decision in a case brought by BMM.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cid.harvard.edu/hiid/662.pdf#search=%22A.I.R.+1984+S.C.+802,+808%22|title=Center for International Development - Harvard Kennedy School|website=www.cid.harvard.edu}}</ref> Other cases on [[bonded labour]] brought to the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] by BMM have also extended the interpretation of the Constitution in areas of [[human rights]].<ref>{{cite document|author=S. Muralidhar|author-link=S. Muralidhar|date=2002|title=Implementation of Court Orders in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: An Overview of the Experience|url=http://www.ielrc.org/content/w0202.pdf|journal=|type=Working paper|series=First South Asian Regional Judicial Colloquium on Access to Justice|location=New Delhi, India|publisher=IELRC|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref><br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[Iqbal Masih]] (1983–1995), spokesman for BMM from 1993–1995.<br />
* [[Bachpan Bachao Andolan]] (South Asian Coalition on Child Servitude)<br />
* [[Debt bondage in India]]<br />
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==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
* [http://www.bondedlabour.org Bandhua Mukti Morcha website]<br />
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[[Category:Political advocacy groups in India]]<br />
[[Category:Human rights in India]]<br />
[[Category:Organizations established in 1981]]<br />
[[Category:Debt bondage in India]]<br />
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