https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Bandipur_National_ParkBandipur National Park - Revision history2026-08-01T00:45:45ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Bandipur_National_Park&diff=417616&oldid=prevAjay Kumar at 05:39, 23 August 20232023-08-23T05:39:45Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|National park in Karnataka, India}}<br />
{{Other uses| Bandipur (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox protected area<br />
| name = Bandipur National park<br />
| alt_name = Bandipur National Park<br />
| iucn_category = II<br />
| photo = 2012-bandipur-tiger.jpg<br />
| photo_width =<br />
| photo_alt = Tiger in Bandipur<br />
| photo_caption = [[Bengal tiger]] in Bandipur National Park<br />
| map = India | map_alt = Yukti<br />
| map_caption =<br />
| map_width =<br />
|relief=1<br />
| location = [[Chamarajanagar district]], [[Karnataka]], India<br />
| nearest_city = [[Chamarajanagar]] 50 km, [[Mysore]] {{convert|80|km|mi|sp=us}}<br />
| coordinates = {{coords|11|39|42|N|76|37|38|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| area = {{cvt|912.04|km2}}<br />
| established = 1974<br />
| visitation_num =<br />
| visitation_year =<br />
| governing_body = [[Ministry of Environment and Forests]], Karnataka Forest Department<br />
| world_heritage_site =<br />
| url = {{URL|http://bandipurtigerreserve.in/}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Bandipur National Park''' is a [[national park]] covering {{cvt|868.63|km2}} in [[Chamarajnagar district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Karnataka]]. It was established as a tiger reserve under [[Project Tiger]] in 1973.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Somashekar, R.K. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Ravikumar, P. |author3=Kumar, C.M. |author4=Prakash, K.L. |author5=Nagaraja, B.C. |year=2009 |title=Burnt area mapping of Bandipur National Park, India using IRS 1C/1D LISS III data |journal=Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=37–50 |url=http://www.environmentportal.in/files/Bandipur.pdf}}</ref><br />
It is part of the [[Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve]] since 1986.<ref name=Daniels1996>{{cite report |author=Ranjit Daniels, R.J. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Vijayan, V.S. |year=1996 |title=The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve: A Review of Conservation Status with Recommendations for a Wholistic Approach to Management |series=Working Paper No. 16 |publisher=UNESCO South-South Co-operation Programme for Environmentally Sound Socio-Economic Development in the Humid Tropics |place=Paris |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001137/113753eo.pdf}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The [[Maharaja]] of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] created a [[sanctuary]] of {{convert|90|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} in 1931 and named it the Venugopala Wildlife Park. The Bandipur [[Tiger Reserve]] was established under Project Tiger in 1973 by adding nearly {{convert|800|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} to the Venugopala Wildlife park.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka Forest Department |url=https://aranya.gov.in/aranyacms/(S(xwgqvppc0cn5u4g3yeam3iw5))/English/TigerReserves.aspx |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=aranya.gov.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[File:2012-bandipur-moyar.jpg|thumb|left|At the Moyar gorge with [[Nilgiris]] in the background]]<br />
Bandipur National Park is located between 75° 12’ 17" E to 76° 51’ 32" E and 11° 35’ 34" N to 11° 57’ 02" N where the [[Deccan Plateau]] meets the [[Western Ghats]], and the altitude of the park ranges from {{cvt|680|m|ft|sp=us}} to {{cvt|1454|m|ft|sp=us}}. As a result, the park has a variety of [[biomes]] including [[Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests|dry deciduous forests]], [[Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests|moist deciduous forests]] and [[Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands|shrublands]]. The wide range of habitats help support a diverse range of organisms. The park is flanked by the [[Kabini river]] in the north and the [[Moyar River|Moyar]] in the south. The Nugu river runs through the park. The highest point in the park is on a hill called Himavad Gopalaswamy Betta, where there is a [[Hindu temple]] at the summit. Bandipur has typical tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The dry and hot period usually begins in early March and can last till the arrival of the [[monsoon]] rains in June.<br />
<br />
==Flora==<br />
[[File:5W7A1165 (2).jpg|thumb|a tigress at Bandipur..]]<br />
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2021}}<br />
Bandipur supports a wide range of timber trees including: [[teak]] (''Tectona grandis''), [[rosewood]] (''[[Dalbergia latifolia]]''), [[sandalwood]] (''Santalum album'' [[Vulnerable species|V]]), [[Terminalia tomentosa|Indian-laurel]] (''Terminalia tomentosa''), [[Pterocarpus marsupium|Indian kino tree]] (''Pterocarpus marsupium''), [[Dendrocalamus|giant clumping bamboo]] (''Dendrocalamus strictus''), [[Bambusa|clumping bamboo]] (''Bambusa arundinacea'') and ''[[Grewia#Selected species|Grewia tiliaefolia]]''.<br />
<br />
There are also several notable flowering and fruiting trees and shrubs including: [[Adina cordifolia|kadam tree]] (''Adina cordifolia''), [[Emblica officinalis|Indian gooseberry]] (''Emblica officinalis''), [[crape-myrtle]] (''Lagerstroemia lanceolata''), [[Anogeissus latifolia|axlewood]] (''Anogeissus latifolia''), [[Terminalia chebula|black myrobalan]] (''Terminalia chebula''), ''Schleichera trijuga'', ''Odina wodiar'', [[Butea monosperma|flame of the forest]] (''Butea monosperma''), [[golden shower tree]] (''Cassia fistula''), [[Chloroxylon|satinwood]] (''Chloroxylon swietenia''), [[Acacia catechu|black cutch]] (''Acacia catechu''),<!--Shorea roxburghii is alternate name for R. talura--> ''[[Shorea roxburghii|Shorea talura]] ([[Endangered species|E]])'', [[Randia (plant)|indigoberry]] (''Randia uliginosa'').<br />
<br />
==Fauna==<br />
<br />
===Mammals===<br />
Bandipur National Park harbours the [[Asian elephant]], [[gaur]], [[Bengal tiger]], [[sloth bear]], [[four-horned antelope]], [[golden jackal]] and [[dhole]].<br />
[[File:A Jackal alongside the Kabini river.jpg|thumb|An [[Indian jackal]] family alongside the Kabini river in Bandipur National Park]]<br />
[[File:2012-bandipur-langur.jpg|thumb|A [[gray langur]]]]<br />
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2021}}<br />
The commonly seen mammals along the public access roads in the park include [[chital]], [[gray langur]], [[Indian giant squirrel]] and [[Indian elephant]]. A list of medium to large-sized mammals in the park is given in the following census table published in 1997:<br />
{| class="sortable wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!''species''<br />
!1991 <br />
!1993 <br />
!1995 <br />
!1997<br />
|-<br />
!Bengal tiger<br />
!58 <br />
!66 <br />
!74 <br />
!75<br />
|-<br />
![[Indian Leopard]]<br />
!51 <br />
!81 <br />
!86 <br />
!88<br />
|-<br />
!Indian elephant<br />
!1107 <br />
!2214 <br />
!2214 <br />
!3471<br />
|-<br />
!Gaur<br />
!1097 <br />
!1373 <br />
!1373 <br />
!2427<br />
|-<br />
!Dhole<br />
!148 <br />
!181 <br />
!181<br />
!N/A<br />
|-<br />
!Spotted deer<br />
!3333 <br />
!5858 <br />
!5858 <br />
!8204<br />
|-<br />
![[Sambar deer]]<br />
!706 <br />
!1196 <br />
!1196 <br />
!2386<br />
|-<br />
!Sloth bear<br />
!51 <br />
!66 <br />
!66<br />
!N/A<br />
|-<br />
!Four-horned antelope<br />
!14<br />
!N/A<br />
!N/A<br />
!N/A<br />
|-<br />
!Gray langur<br />
!1468 <br />
!1751 <br />
!1751<br />
!1851<br />
|-<br />
![[Wild boar]]<br />
!148 <br />
!181 <br />
!181<br />
!N/A<br />
|-<br />
![[Indian Muntjac]]<br />
!72 <br />
!131 <br />
!131<br />
!N/A<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Birds===<br />
[[File:Changeable hawk-eagle.jpg|thumb|[[Changeable hawk-eagle]]]]<br />
[[File:Kingfisher, Kabini.jpg|thumb|A [[white-throated kingfisher]] resting on a bamboo trunk in Bandipur National Park]]<br />
[[File:Bee-eater alongside Kabini river.jpg|thumb|A [[green bee-eater]] feasting on a bee]]<br />
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2021}}<br />
[[Blue Peafowl]] are among the most commonly seen birds in Bandipur along with [[gray junglefowl]], [[crow]]s and [[drongo]]s. Bandipur is home to over 200 species of birds including [[crested honey buzzard]], [[red-headed vulture]], [[Indian vulture]], [[plain flowerpecker]], [[hoopoe]], [[Indian roller]], [[brown fish owl]], [[crested serpent eagle]], [[changeable hawk-eagle]], [[osprey]], as well as many [[bee-eater]] and [[kingfisher]] species are a common sight in winter.<br />
<br />
===Reptiles===<br />
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2021}}<br />
[[Reptile]] species include [[spectacled cobra]], [[Indian rock python]], [[Daboia|vipers]], [[rat snake]], [[mugger crocodile]]s, [[monitor lizard]]s, [[Chamaeleo zeylanicus|Indian chameleon]], [[Indian pond terrapin]], [[Agamidae|agamids]] and [[Draco (genus)|flying lizards]].<br />
===Arthropods===<br />
[[Butterfly|Butterflies]] include [[Pachliopta aristolochiae|common rose]], [[Pachliopta hector|crimson rose]], [[Graphium doson|common jay]], [[Papilio demoleus|lime butterfly]], [[Papilio dravidarum|Malabar raven]], [[Papilio polytes|common Mormon]], [[Papilio helenus|red Helen]], [[Papilio polymnestor|blue Mormon]], [[Troides minos|southern birdwing]], [[Pareronia valeria|common wanderer]], [[Catopsilia pyranthe|mottled emigrant]], [[Eurema hecabe|common grass yellow]], [[Eurema laeta|spotless grass yellow]], [[Eurema andersonii|one spot grass yellow]], [[Nilgiri clouded yellow]], [[Delias eucharis|common Jezebel]], [[Leptosia nina|Psyche]], common gull, [[Belenois aurota|caper white]] or pioneer, [[Anthocharis cardamines|small orange tip]] or lesser orange tip, [[Ixias marianne|white orange tip]], [[Colotis fausta|large salmon Arab]], [[Melanitis leda|common evening brown]], [[Melanitis zitenius|great evening brown]], [[Elymnias hypermnestra|common palmfly]], [[Mycalesis perseus|common bushbrown]], [[Mycalesis patnia|glad eye bushbrowm]], [[Mycalesis oculus|red disk bushbrown]], [[Heteropsis adolphei|red eye bushbrown]], [[Mycalesis lepcha|Lepcha bushbrown]], [[Ypthima asterope|common threering]], [[common fourring]], [[Ypthima baldus|common fivering]], [[Acraea terpsicore|tawny coster]], [[Cupha erymanthis|rustic]], [[Phalanta phalantha|common leopard]], [[Argynnis hyperbius|Indian fritillary]], [[Neptis hylas|common sailer]], [[Athyma nefte|colour sergeant]], [[Neptis jumbah|chestnutstreaked sailer]], [[Tanaecia lepidea|gray count]], [[Euthalia|red baron]] or [[Euthalia nais|baronet]], [[Ariadne ariadne|angled castor]], [[Ariadne merione|common castor]], [[Yellow pansy butterfly|yellow pansy]], [[Junonia lemonias|lemon pansy]], [[Junonia almana|peacock pansy]], [[Junonia iphita|chocolate pansy]], [[Orange pansy butterfly|orange pansy]], [[Junonia orithya|blue pansy]], [[Junonia atlites|gray pansy]], [[Kaniska canace|blue admiral]], [[Tirumala (butterfly)|glassy blue tiger]], [[Tirumala septentrionis|dark blue tiger]], [[Danaus chrysippus|plain tiger]], striped/[[Danaus genutia|common tiger]], [[Hypolimnas misippus|Danaid eggfly]], [[Hypolimnas bolina|great eggfly]], [[Euploea core|common crow]], [[Euploea klugii|brown king crow]], [[Castalius rosimon|common Pierrot]], [[Caleta caleta|angled Pierrot]], [[Tarucus|banded blue Pierrot]], [[Tarucus nara|striped Pierrot]], [[Tarucus ananda|dark Pierrot]], [[Talicada nyseus|red Pierrot]], [[Chilades lajus|lime blue]], [[Leptotes plinius|zebra blue]], [[Euchrysops cnejus|gram blue]], [[Jamides celeno|common cerulean]], [[Zizula hylax|tiny grass blue]], [[Zizeeria karsandra|dark grass blue]], [[Chilades parrhasius|Indian cupid]], [[Nacaduba pactolus|large four-line blue]], [[Cigaritis vulcanus|common silverline]], [[Abisara echerius|plum Judy]], [[Luthrodes pandava|plain scupid]], [[Lampides boeticus|pea blue]], [[Jamides alecto|metallic cerulean]], [[Iambrix salsala|chestnut Bob]], [[Telicota ancilla|dark palm dart]], [[Badamia exclamationis|brown awl]].<br />
<br />
[[Ant|Ant species]] include Anenictus sp1, Anoplolepis longipes, Camponotus parius, Crematogaster biroi, Crematogaster sp 1*, Crematogaster sp 2*, Diacamma rugosum, Lepisiota capensis, Leptogenys chinesis, Leptogenys coonorensis, Leptogenys diminuta, Lophomyrmex quadripinosus, Meranoplus bicolor, Monomorium indicum, Myrmicaria striata, Myrmicaria brunnea, Oligomyrmex wroughtonii, Pachycondyla sp1*, Paratrechina sp1*, Pheidole sharpi, Pheidole sp1*, Pheidole sp2*, Pheidologeton diverus, Polyrhachis exercita, Solenopsis geminate, Tetraponera rufonigra, Tetraponera sp1*<br />
<br />
[[Dung beetle|Dung beetles]] include Catharsius granulatus*, Copris indicus*, Oniticellus cinctus*, Onitis singhalensis*, Onthophagus beesoni*, Onthophagus ensifer*, Onthophagus rana*, Onthophagus sp.107*#, Onthophagus tarandus*, Picnopanaleus rotundus, Caccobius diminutives, Caccobius ultor, Copris furciceps, Copris sp.1#, Heliocopris dominus, Pseudonthophagus sp.2#, Sisyphus neglectus, Caccobius inermis, Caccobius meridionalis, Caccobius torticornis, Caccobius sp.1#, Copris sodalist, Onthophagus socialis, Onthophagus sp.301#, Onitis phelemon, Onthophagus furcillifer, Caccobius gallinus, Onthophagus rufulgens, Onthophagus sp.302#, Copris repertus, Pseudonthophagus sp.1#, Copris davisoni, Onitis falcatus, Onthophagus turbatus, Copris imitans, Onthophagus quadridentatus, Caccobius vulcanus, Liatongus affinis, Oniticellus spinipes, Sisyphus longipus, Onthophagus dama.<br />
<br />
==Conflicts and threats==<br />
[[File:Elephant Trying to Cross the road - Copy.JPG|thumbnail|Elephant Trying to Cross the former NH 67]]<br />
<br />
The National Highways [[National Highway 181 (India)|NH-181]] and [[National Highway 766 (India)|NH-766]] pass through Bandipur national park. This road has been a major concern as speeding vehicles have killed many wild animals in spite of frequent warnings to travelers from the forest department officials and restriction on movement of vehicles in some stretches between 6 P.M to 6 A.M.<ref>{{cite web|author=Padmaparna Ghosh |url=http://www.livemint.com/2010/10/19204134/Close-encounters-of-the-wild-k.html |title=Close encounters of the wild kind |publisher=Livemint |date=2010-10-22 |access-date=2012-10-08}}</ref> This has raised fears of extinction of habitat of wild animals exclusively found in this national park.<br />
<br />
On October 9, 2018 the National Park lost one of its prized possession, a [[Asian elephant|tusker]] named 'Rowdy Ranga' was hit by a bus in the night<ref>{{Cite web|title='Rowdy' Ranga: Elephant who roamed Karnataka forests dies in tragic mishap|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/galleries/nation/2018/oct/09/rowdy-ranga-elephant-who-roamed-karnataka-forests-dies-in-tragic-mishap-101812.html|access-date=2020-12-10|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> after which the government of [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Karnataka]] agreed to ban night traffic in the forest.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 10, 2018|first=Nolan |last=Pinto|title=After elephant's death, Kumaraswamy calls for ban on night traffic in forests|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/karnataka/story/after-elephant-s-death-kumaraswamy-calls-for-ban-on-night-traffic-in-forests-1360182-2018-10-10|access-date=2020-12-10|website=India Today}}</ref> However, [[Kerala]] condemns the 'Night Ban' and has asked for the ban to be lifted to save a reroute that increases the distance by 45&nbsp;km.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Commons category|position=left|Bandipur National Park}}<br />
{{Wikivoyage|Bandipur National Park}}<br />
* [[2019 Bandipur forest fires]]<br />
* [[Arid Forest Research Institute]]<br />
* [[Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education]]<br />
* [[Mudumalai National Park]]<br />
* [[Nagarhole National Park]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
*''Karnataka State Gazetteer'', 1983<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/BandipurNationalPark Park brochure from Karnataka Forest Department]<br />
<br />
{{Tourism in The Nilgiris}}<br />
{{National Parks of India}}<br />
{{Protected areas of Karnataka}}<br />
{{Tiger Reserves Of India}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Tiger reserves of India]]<br />
[[Category:National parks in Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Kingdom of Mysore]]<br />
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1931]]<br />
[[Category:Important Bird Areas of India]]<br />
[[Category:1931 establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests]]<br />
[[Category:Elephant reserves of India]]<br />
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Chamarajanagar district]]</div>Ajay Kumar