Khalidmendi at 18:31, 16 March 2026

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{{Short description|Sole ruling party of Bangladesh (Jan–Aug 1975)}}
{{For|the party established in 1983 with the same name|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (1983–1991)}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League
| native_name = বাংলাদেশ কৃষক শ্রমিক আওয়ামী লীগ
| native_name_lang = bn
| colorcode = {{party color|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League}}
| logo =
| abbreviation = BaKSAL
| leader = [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]
| headquarters = [[Dacca]], Bangladesh
| foundation = 24 February 1975
| founder = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
| banned = 30 August 1975
| merger = [[Awami League|AL]] [[Communist Party of Bangladesh|CPB]] [[National Awami Party (Muzaffar)|NAP(M)]] [[Jatiya League|BNL]] [[Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti|PCJSS]] [[Jatiya Ganamukti Union|JGU]]
| successor = AL CPB NAP(M) BNL PCJSS JGU
| student_wing = [[Bangladesh Chhatra League|Jatiya Chhatra League]]
| youth_wing = [[Jubo League|Jatiya Jubo League]]
| womens_wing = [[Bangladesh Mohila Awami League|Jatiya Mohila League]]
| wing1_title = Peasants wing
| wing1 = [[Bangladesh Krishak League|Jatiya Krishak League]]
| wing2_title = [[Trade union]]
| wing2 = [[Bangladesh Jatiya Sramik League|Jatiya Sramik League]]
| wing3_title = [[Paramilitary|Armed wing]]
| wing3 = [[Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini]] (''[[de facto]]'')
| ideology = {{Tree list}}
*[[Mujibism]]
*[[Second Revolution (Bangladesh)|Second Revolution]]
**[[Economic nationalism]]
{{Tree list/end}}
| blank1_title = Opponents
| blank1 = {{ubl
| {{flagicon image|জাসদের পতাকা.svg}} [[Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal|JaSaD]]
| {{flagicon image|PBSP-Flag.png}} [[Proletarian Party of East Bengal|PBSP]]
| {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[National Awami Party (Bhashani)|NAP(B)]]
}}
| country = Bangladesh
}}
The '''Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League''' ({{langx|bn|বাংলাদেশ কৃষক শ্রমিক আওয়ামী লীগ|lit=Bangladesh Peasants' Workers' People's League}}), abbreviated as '''BaKSAL''', was the [[One-party state|sole legal]] [[ruling party]] of [[Bangladesh]] from January to August 1975. The party comprised politicians from the [[Awami League]], the [[Communist Party of Bangladesh]], the [[National Awami Party (Muzaffar)]], [[Jatiya League|Bangladesh National League]], [[Jatiya Ganamukti Union]] and [[Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Rono|first=Haider Akbar Khan|date=2010|script-title=bn:শতাব্দী পেরিয়ে|title=Śatābdī pēriẏē|language=bn|publisher=Taraphadara prakashani|page=335|isbn=978-984-779-027-5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Manabendra Narayan Larma|url=https://www.pcjss.org/manabendra-narayan-larma/|access-date=2025-03-13|website=Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Danesh, Haji Mohammad - Banglapedia|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Danesh,_Haji_Mohammad|access-date=2025-08-14|website=en.banglapedia.org|language=en}}</ref> The party advocated for [[economic nationalism]] as a part of reforms under the theory of the [[Second Revolution (Bangladesh)|Second Revolution]], which BaKSAL worked to achieve the objectives of.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Bangladesh: The Second Revolution|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,912808,00.html|magazine=Time|date=10 February 1975|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-date=15 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515202420/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,912808,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The party was founded on 25 January 1975 by [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] following the [[Amendments to the Constitution of Bangladesh#Fourth amendment|Fourth Amendment to the constitution]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ahmed|first=Moudud|author-link=Moudud Ahmed|year=1984|orig-year=First published 1983|title=Bangladesh: Era of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|location=Wiesbaden|publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag|page=245|isbn=3-515-04266-0}}</ref> A presidential order also outlawed all political parties other than BaKSAL, creating a [[state of emergency]] and obligating other parties to join the front.<ref>{{cite news|title=SHEIK MUJIB GETS TOTAL AUTHORITY OVER BANGLADESH|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/01/26/archives/sheik-mujib-gets-total-authority-over-bangladesh-a-strong.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=26 January 1975|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926133238/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/01/26/archives/sheik-mujib-gets-total-authority-over-bangladesh-a-strong.html|archive-date=26 September 2023}}</ref> After the [[assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]],<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 August 2016|title=Bangabandhu: a forbidden name for 16yrs|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/bangabandhu-forbidden-name-16yrs-1270564|newspaper=The Daily Star|access-date=27 September 2016|archive-date=27 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927124829/http://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/bangabandhu-forbidden-name-16yrs-1270564|url-status=live}}</ref> BaKSAL was banned on 30 August 1975.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sheik Mujib's Single Party Is Banned by Bangladesh|date=31 August 1975|page=31|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>

==Background==
{{Main|1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency|Amendments to the Constitution of Bangladesh#Fourth amendment}}
Awami League under the leadership of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman won a landslide victory in the [[1973 Bangladeshi general election|1973 general election]]. However, Mujibur had difficulties with fighting [[corruption]] in his own government and the increase in [[Left-wing politics|leftism]] caused by the [[Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal]]. In the face of [[1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency|growing unrest]], on 28 December 1974, Rahman declared a state of emergency.<ref>{{cite news|title=State of emergency announced in Dacca|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1817&dat=19741229&id=BXg0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5657,6676905&hl=en|newspaper=The Tuscaloosa News|agency=Associated Press|date=29 December 1974|page=6A|access-date=4 January 2016|archive-date=14 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314073218/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1817&dat=19741229&id=BXg0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5657,6676905&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> On 25 January 1975, he pushed the Fourth Amendment to the constitution through [[Jatiya Sangsad]], which was passed in the Parliament unanimously. It dissolved all political parties, including the ruling party, the Awami League, and gave Rahman the exclusive authority to form BaKSAL, which would become the "national party" of Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mujib names his Govt|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=19750128&id=-5wpAAAAIBAJ&pg=3297,6805491&hl=en|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|agency=Australian Associated Press-Reuter|date=28 January 1975|page=4|access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref>

==Formation==
BaKSAL was formed on 24 February 1975. All MPs and political parties were required to join the party;<ref name="Khan2001">{{cite book|last=Khan|first=Zillur R.|title=Religion, Identity & Politics: Essays on Bangladesh|date=2001|publisher=International Academic Publishers|isbn=978-1-58868-081-5|editor-last=Ahmed|editor-first=Rafiuddin|pages=54–55|chapter=From Mujib to Zia, Elite Politics in Bangladesh|quote="... landslide victory of the Awami League in the 1973 elections ... [those] who were earlier inspired by the charisma of Sheikh Mujib grew increasingly restive in view of what they viewed as widespread corruption ... making it mandatory for members of parliament to join the single national party, called the ''Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League'' (BaKSAL), if they wanted to retain their seats ... most Awami Leaguers, and many others from the other parties, decided to join the BaKSAL. Between Mujib's BaKSAL and total political oblivion, few were left with any choice ... All higher bureaucrats, professional people and trade union leaders were urged to join."}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=28 February 1975|title='Second Revolution' Is Sham: No Real Change Seen in Bangladesh|page=6|newspaper=The Capital Times|agency=Los Angeles Times News Service|location=Madison, Wisconsin|url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-feb-28-1975-4685238/|access-date=4 January 2016|via=newspaperarchive.com}} {{open access}}</ref> any MP who missed a parliamentary session, abstained, or failed to vote with the party would lose their seat.<ref name="smh28Jan1975">{{cite news|date=27 January 1975|title=One man, one party govern Bangladesh|page=1|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=19750127&id=-pwpAAAAIBAJ&pg=6000,6671315&hl=en|access-date=4 January 2016|via=news.google.com}}</ref> As a result, most Awami League politicians and others from different parties joined BaKSAL; however, the [[Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal]], [[Proletarian Party of East Bengal]], [[Purbo Banglar Communist Party|Communist Party of East Bengal (Marxist–Leninist)]], [[East Pakistan Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist)|East Pakistan Communist Party]], and [[Bangladesh Communist Party (Leninist)]] did not join.<ref name="Khan2001"/> Civilian government employees, professionals, and trade union leaders were also compelled to join the party.<ref name="Khan2001"/>

President Mujibur Rahman, BaKSAL's chairman, appointed a fifteen-member executive committee, a 120-member central committee, and five front organizations, namely, Jatiya Krishak League, Jatiya Sramik League, Jatiya Mahila League, Jatiya Juba League, and Jatiya Chhatra League for peasants, workers, women, youth, and students, respectively, for the party.<ref name="Maniruzzaman1976">{{cite journal|last=Maniruzzaman|first=Talukder|date=February 1976|title=Bangladesh in 1975: The Fall of the Mujib Regime and Its Aftermath|journal=Asian Survey|publisher=University of California Press|volume=16|issue=2|pages=119–129|doi=10.2307/2643140|jstor=2643140}}</ref> All members of the executive committee and central committee were appointed as ministers.

===Executive committee===
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
#[[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] (Chairman)
#[[Syed Nazrul Islam]] (Vice-Chairman)
#[[Muhammad Mansur Ali]] (Secretary General)
#[[Abul Hasnat Muhammad Qamaruzzaman]]
#[[Abdul Mannan (politician, born 1929)|Abdul Mannan]]
#[[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]
#[[Abdul Malek Ukil]]
#Prof.[[M. Yousuf Ali]]
#[[Manaranjan Dhar]]
#[[Muzaffar Ahmed Chowdhury]]
#[[Sheikh Abdul Aziz (Bangladeshi politician)|Sheikh Abdul Aziz]]
#[[Mohiuddin Ahmed]]
#[[Gazi Golam Mostafa]]
#[[Zillur Rahman]]
#[[Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani]]
#[[Abdur Razzaq (politician, born 1942)|Abdur Razzaq]]

{{div col end}}

===Central Committee===
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}

#[[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]
#[[Syed Nazrul Islam]]
#[[Muhammad Mansur Ali]]
#[[Abdul Mannan (politician, born 1929)|Abdul Mannan]]
#[[Abdul Malek Ukil|Abdul Malik Ukil]]
#[[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]
#[[A H M Qamaruzzaman|A.H.M Kamaruzzaman]]
#[[Kazi Linchon]]
#[[Mahmudullah (politician)|Mahmudullah]]
#[[Abdus Samad Azad]]
#[[M. Yousuf Ali]]
#[[Phani Bhushan Majumder]]
#[[Kamal Hossain]]
#[[Muhammad Sohrab Hossain]]
#[[Abdur Rab Serniabat]]
#[[Manaranjan Dhar]]
#Abdul Matin
#Asaduzzanan
#[[Md Korban Ali]]
#Dr. [[Azizul Rahman Mallik]]
#Dr. [[Muzaffar Ahmed Chowdhury]]
#[[Tofael Ahmed]]
#[[Shah Moazzam Hossain]]
#[[Abdul Momin Talukdar]]
#[[Dewan Farid Gazi]]
#Professor [[Nurul Islam Choudhry]]
#[[Taheruddin Thakur]]
#[[Moslemuddin Khan]]
#[[Abu Sayeed (politician)|Professor Abu Sayeed]]
#[[Nurul Islam Manzur]]
#[[KM Obaidur Rahman]]
#Dr. [[Khitish Chandra Mandal]]
#[[Reazuddin Ahmad]]
#[[Mohammad Baitullah|M. Baitullah]]
#[[Rahul Quddus]] (Secretary)
#[[Zillur Rahman]]
#[[Mohiuddin Ahmed (politician, born 1925)|Mohiuddin Ahmad]] MP
#[[Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani]]
#[[Abdur Razzaq (politician, born 1942)|Abdur Razzaq]]
#[[Sheikh Shahidul Islam]]
#Anwar Choudhry
#[[Syeda Sajeda Chowdhury]]
#[[Taslima Abed]]
#Abdur Rahim
#Abdul Awal
#Lutfur Rahman
#[[A.K. Muzibur Rahman]]
#Dr. [[Mofiz Choudhry]]
#Dr. [[Alauddin Ahammad]]
#Dr. Ahsanul Haq
#[[Raushan Ali]]
#[[Azizur Rahman Akkas]]
#[[Sheikh Abdul Aziz (Bangladeshi politician)|Sheikh Abdul Aziz]]
#[[Salahuddin Yusuf]]
#[[Michael Sushil Adhikari]]
#[[Kazi Abdul Hakim]]
#[[Mollah Jalaluddin Ahmed|Mollah Jalaluddin]]
#[[Shamsuddin Mollah]]
#[[Gour Chandra Bala]]
#[[Gazi Ghulam Mustafa]]
#Shamsul Haq
#Shamsuzzoha
#[[Rafiqueuddin Bhuiya]]
#Syed Ahmad
#[[Shamsur Rahman Khan Shahjahan]]
#Nurul Haq
#[[Kazi Zahirul Qayyum]]
#Capt.(Retd) [[Sujjat Ali]]
#[[M.R. Siddiqui]]
#[[MA Wahab]]
#[[Chittaranjan Sutar]],
#[[Sayeda Razia Banu]]
#[[Ataur Rahman Khan]]
#[[Khandakar Muhammad Illyas]]
#[[Mong Pru Saire]]
#[[Muzaffar Ahmed Chowdhury|Professor Muzaffar Ahmed Chowdhury]]
#Ataur Rahman
#[[Pir Habibur Rahman]]
#[[Syed Altaf Hossain]]
#[[Muhammad Farhad]]
#[[Matia Chowdhury]]
#[[Haji Mohammad Danesh|Hazi Danesh]]
#[[Taufiq Inam]] (Secretary)
#[[Nurul Islam (economist)|Nurul Islam]] (Secretary)
#[[Fayezuddin Ahmed]] (Secretary)
#Mahbubur Rahman (Secretary)
#Abdul Khaleque
#Muzibul Haq (Secretary)
#Abdur Rahim (Secretary)
#Moinul Islam (Secretary)
#[[Sayeeduzzaman]] (Secretary)
#[[Anisuzzaman]] (Secretary)
#Dr. [[A. Sattar]] (Secretary)
#M.A Samad (Secretary)
#Abu Tahir (Secretary)
#Al Hossaini (Secretary)
#Dr [[Tajul Hossain]] (Secretary)
#Motiur Rahman. Chairman of [[Trading Corporation of Bangladesh]]
#Maj. Gen [[K.M Shafiullah|K.M. Safiullah]]
#[[A. K. Khandker|Air Vice Marshal Abdul Karim Khandker]]
#Commodore [[M. H. Khan|M.H. Khan]]
#Maj Gen. [[Khalilur Rahman (general)|Khalilur Rahman]]
#[[A.K. Naziruddin Ahmed]]
#Dr. [[Abdul Matin Chowdhury]]
#Dr. [[Mazharul Islam (poet)|Mazharul Islam]]
#Dr. Sramul Haq
#[[Badal Ghosh]]
#[[ATM Syed Hossain]]
#Nurul Islam
#Dr. [[Nilima Ibrahim]]
#Dr. [[Nurul Islam (physician)|Nurul Islam]] [[PG Hospital]]
#[[Obaidul Huq]] Editor [[Bangladesh Observer|Observer]]
#[[Anwar Hossain Manju]] Editor [[The Daily Ittefaq|Ittefaq]]
#[[Mizanur Rahman (journalist)|Mizanur Rahman]] Editor [[Bangladesh Press International]]
#[[Manawarul Islam]]
#[[Abu Thaer Bhuiyan]]
#[[Auritro Shayel]]
#Brig. [[A. N. M. Nuruzzaman]] DG [[Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini]]
#Kamruzzaman teachers Association
#Dr. [[Mazhar Ali Kadri]]
{{div col end}}

==Legacy==
In the 1974 ''[[Far Eastern Economic Review]],'' Lawrence Lifschultz wrote how Bangladeshis thought that "the corruption and malpractices and plunder of national wealth" were "unprecedented" during Mujibur's governance.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tread Warily to the Dream|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100206/jsp/opinion/story_12065942.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208235410/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100206/jsp/opinion/story_12065942.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 February 2010|location=Calcutta, India|work=The Telegraph|date=6 February 2010}}</ref>

Though BaKSAL was dissolved in 1975, another party participated in the [[1986 Bangladeshi general election|1986]] and [[1991 Bangladeshi general election|1991]] general elections [[Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (1983–1991)|in the same name]]; in 1986, the party's symbol was [[Boat (politics)|boat]], while it was bicycle in 1991. The party acted independently until the 1990s, when almost all of its party leaders left the organization to join the Awami League.<ref>{{cite journal|date=12 September 1991|title=Near East & South Asia: Bangladesh|url=http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a336290.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816212423/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a336290.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=16 August 2016|journal=JPRS Report|volume=1|page=10|access-date=19 July 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Ministries of Bangladesh}}
{{Sheikh Mujibur Rahman}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baksal}}
[[Category:Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League| ]]
[[Category:1975 disestablishments in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:1975 establishments in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:History of the Awami League]]
[[Category:Defunct left-wing political party alliances]]
[[Category:Banned socialist parties]]
[[Category:Parties of one-party systems]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1975]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1975]]
[[Category:Political career of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]
[[Category:Socialist parties in Bangladesh]]

Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League - Revision history

Khalidmendi at 18:31, 16 March 2026