Ajay Kumar at 05:55, 23 August 2023

2023-08-23T05:55:42Z

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{{Short description|National park in Karnataka, India}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name =Bannerghatta National Park
| iucn_category = II
| photo = Lurking tiger.jpg
| photo_width =
| photo_alt =
| photo_caption = Tiger at the Bannerghatta National Park
| map = India Karnataka
| map_width = 225
| location = [[Karnataka]], India
| nearest_city = [[Bangalore]]
| coordinates = {{coords|12|48|03|N|77|34|32|E|display=inline, title}}
| established = 1974
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body = [[Ministry of Environment and Forests]], [[Government of India]]
| url = http://bannerghattabiologicalpark.org
| label = Bannerghatta Biological Park
| label_position = right
| area_km2 = 260.51
| administrator=The Executive Director, Bannerghatta Biological Park
}}

'''Bannerghatta National Park''' is a national park in [[India]], located near [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]]. It was founded in 1970 and declared as a national park in 1974.<ref name=":0">[http://www.karnataka.com/bangalore/bannerghatta-national-park/ "Bannerghatta National Park"] Karnataka.com Accessed 23 May 2014.</ref> In 2002, a small portion of the park became a zoological garden, the [[Bannerghatta Biological Park]].<ref>[http://bannerghattabiologicalpark.org "Bannerghatta Biological Park"] Park website Accessed 23 May 2014.</ref>

There are ancient temples in the park for worship and it is a destination for [[trekking]] and [[hiking]]. Within the national park area are six rural villages enclosed within three large enclosures for sheep and cattle farming.<ref name="Brondizio (2012)"/> This park offers a wide range of diverse wildlife to the explorers. Coming from the finest of [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], this park offers a guided bus tour all along the 6 km safari roads, which is specially made for safaris and foreign tourist gatherers.

Between 1995 and 2021, the dry deciduous forests in the National Park shrunk approximately by 44% due to uncontrolled diversion of forest land for agricultural purpose, urbanisation, etc<ref name=":0" />

== Geography ==
The 65,127.5 acre (260.51 km<sup>2</sup><ref>Karnataka Government Gazette Notification vide No:FEE302 FWL2011-(11), Bangalore, dated:27-12-2011 [https://www.scribd.com/doc/82246216/Karnataka-Government-Efforts-to-Preserve-Wildlife-and-Forests-Near-National-Park-by-Fixing-Boundaries-2011]</ref>) national park is located about 22 km south of Bangalore in the hills of the [[Anekal]] range with an elevation of 1245 - 1634m.<ref name="Tourism">[http://www.bengaloorutourism.com/bannerghatta-national-park.php "Bannerghatta National Park"] Bengaloorutourism.com Accessed 24 May 2014.</ref> The park has a hilly terrain of granite sheets under moist deciduous forest valleys and scrubland on higher areas.<ref>[http://www.arocha.org/int-en/work/sites/899-DSY.html "Bannerghatti national park"] Arocha organisation website. Accessed 23 May 2014.</ref> Sixteen villages border the park. Most of the national park consists of artificial forest, and some animals have been introduced.<ref name="Khanna (2013)">Khanna B. [http://bangalore.citizenmatters.in/articles/safari-closed-in-bannerghatta-zoo-due-to-foot-and-mouth-disease "Safari closed in Bannerghatta zoo due to foot and mouth disease."] ''Bangalore Citizen'' Accessed 24 May 2014.</ref> The park is part of a [[wildlife corridor]] for elephants which connects the [[BR Hills]] and the [[Sathyamangalam|Sathyamangalam forest]]. The park is contiguous with Talli reserve forest in the southeast and [[Bilikal]] forest in the south.<ref name="Brondizio (2012)">Brondizio E. and Moran E. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Iim0baRlWzcC&dq=bannerghatta+national+park&pg=PA131 "Human-Environment Interactions."] Springer, 2012 p131 {{ISBN|9400747802}}, 9789400747807.</ref>

=== Water sources ===
The park's rainfall is 700 mm per year. The Suvarnamukhi stream runs through the national park. On 15 May 2014, four [[boring (mechanical)|bore]] wells were opened to provide water in dry times.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/bannerghatta-national-park-gets-four-borewells-to-quench-thirst-of-animals/article6013192.ece "Bannerghatta National Park gets four bore wells to quench thirst of animals."] ''The Hindu'' 15 May 2014. Accessed 24 May 2014.</ref>

===Flora===
Flora in the park include:<ref name="Tourism"/>
{{Div col|colwidth=18em}}
* [[Narcissus latifolia]]
* [[Schleichera oleosa]]
* [[Terminalia tomentosa]]
* [[Sandalwood]]
* [[Neem]]
* [[T. arjuna]]
* [[Grewia tilaefolia]]
* [[Santalum album]]
* [[Tamarind]]
* [[Bamboo]]
* [[Eucalyptus]]
* [[Bauhinia purpurea]]
* [[Samanea saman]]
* [[Peltphorum pterocarpum]]
{{div col end}}

{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* [[Indian elephant]]s
* [[gaur]]
* [[Indian leopard]]
* [[jackal]]
* [[fox]]
* [[sloth bear]]
* [[Indian gazelle]]
* [[spotted deer]]
* [[barking deer]]
* [[common langur]]
* [[bonnet macaque]]
* [[porcupine]]
* [[hare]]
* [[wild boar]]
* [[pangolin]]
* [[Royal Bengal tiger]]
* [[slender loris]]
* [[monitor lizard]]
* [[cobras]]
* [[Pythonidae|python]]
* [[Russell's viper]]
* [[krait]]
* [[peacock]]
*[[crocodile]]
*[[Asiatic lion]]
*[[Flamingo]]
*[[Nilgai]]
*[[Blackbuck]]
*[[Pelican]]
*[[Indian wolf]]
*[[Striped hyena]]
*[[Himalayan black bear]]
'''Fauna from other countries'''
*[[Giraffe]]
* [[Hamadryas baboon]]

{{div col end}}
[[File:Wild bear.jpg|thumb|wild bear]]

One hundred and one species of birds have been recorded in the park.<ref>Lepage D. [http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?region=INswka11&list=howardmoore "Bannerghatta National Park bird checklist"] Avibase website. Accessed 24 May 2014.</ref> The fauna pose some risk to humans. In August 2012, a man was trampled to death by an elephant.<ref>Vattam S. [http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/article1348097.ece "Bannerghatta National Park now open for trekking"] newindianexpress.com 21 November 2012. Accessed 24 May 2014.</ref> Occasionally, animals leave the reserve, coming into contact with humans. For example, elephants have been sighted on the Bantamweight-Anekal road which passes close to the park. In 2007, a leopard and her cubs entered a local school.<ref>[http://bangalorebuzz.blogspot.com/2007/09/leopards-on-prowl-on-bannerghatta-main.html "Sights, sounds and smells from Bangalore: Leopards on prowl on Bannerghatta main road"]. Bangalorebuzz.blogspot.com 26 September 2007. Accessed 8 May 2014.</ref>

== Illegal mining around Bannerghatta national park ==
The park is threatened by multiple granite quarries operating around the national park.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/save-bannerghatta-national-park-bengaluru-activists-approach-centre-78147|title='Save Bannerghatta National Park': Bengaluru activists approach Centre|website=www.thenewsminute.com|access-date=2019-10-30}}</ref> These quarries are located alarmingly close to critical elephant corridors inside the national park such as Kardikal - Madeswara corridor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/210318/the-curious-case-of-the-disappearing-forest.html|title=The curious case of the disappearing forest|last=Thakur|first=Aksheev|date=2018-03-21|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2019-10-30}}</ref> While there is ban on mining and granite quarrying around the national park within a radius of One km from the boundary demarcated as "Safe Zone", quarries operate unabatedly. Vehicular movement is also uncontrolled. Tremors from the explosives used in the quarry operations are felt across a radius of at least five km adversely affecting elephants and other wild animals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2018/mar/18/protect-bannerghatta-buffer-zone-from-quarrying-activists-1788826.html|title=Protect Bannerghatta buffer zone from quarrying: Activists|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2019-10-30}}</ref>

== Gallery ==

<gallery class="center" mode="nolines" caption="Bannerghata National Park" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:Snap from Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8528.JPG
File:Snap from Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8522.JPG
File:Snap from Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8422.JPG
File:Snap from Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8556.JPG
File:Snap from Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8712.JPG
File:Snap from Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8546.JPG
File:Snap from Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8532.JPG
File:Snap from Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8526.JPG
File:Snap from Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8524.JPG
File:Snap from Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8527.JPG
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Bangalore Division]]
* [[Bayalu Seeme]]
* [[Tyavarekoppa Lion and Tiger Safari]]
* [[Wildlife of India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Bannerghatta National Park}}
*{{Wikivoyage-inline|Bannerghatta National Park}}
* {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20041213094245/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2003/05/09/stories/2003050908770300.htm Criticisms of the National Park]}}, ''[[The Hindu]]''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110515030348/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/jun132004/s2.asp Lions’ club grows at Bannerghatta park]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070314214300/http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/25/stories/2006112519630400.htm Butterfly Park], ''[[The Hindu]]''
* [http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1992-09-15/news/9209150755_1_karnataka-capital-tiger-capture Rangers in India capture tiger that killed girl, 5.] ''Orlando Sentinel'', 15 September 1992.
* [http://www.onebangalore.com/bangalore-attractions/bannerghatta-national-park.html Travel Guide to Bannerghatta National Park], Onebangalore.com.
* [https://www.karnatakatourism.org/tour-item/bannerghatta-national-park/ Bannerghatta National Park], Karnataka Tourism Official Website.
*{{cite web|url=http://www.mybangaloresearch.com/bannerghatta-national-park.html|title=Bangalore Bytes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104559/http://www.mybangaloresearch.com/bannerghatta-national-park.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=22 June 2017}}

{{Bangalore topics}}
{{Tiger Reserves of India}}
{{National Parks of India}}
{{Protected areas of Karnataka}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:National parks in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1974]]
[[Category:Important Bird Areas of India]]
[[Category:South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Bangalore]]
[[Category:Elephant reserves of India]]

Bannerghatta National Park - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 05:55, 23 August 2023