UpdateBot at 20:41, 27 June 2022

2022-06-27T20:41:21Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{original research|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bargarh district
| official_name =
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Odisha|District]] of [[Odisha]]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|size = 250
|photo1a = NrusinghnathShrine.JPG
|photo2a = Nrusinghnath 20131124 124226.jpg
}}
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Top: [[Nrusinghanath Temple]] near [[Paikmal]] Bottom: [[Gandhamardan Hills]]
| nickname =
| image_map = India Odisha Bargarh district.svg
| image_map1 = {{maplink |frame=yes
|frame-width=225 |frame-height=226 |frame-align=center
|text= '''Bargarh district'''
|type=shape |id=Q808140
|stroke-colour=#C60C30
|stroke-width=2
|title= Bargarh district of Odisha
|type2=line|id2=Q22048|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Odisha
}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Odisha
| coordinates = {{coord|21.333|N|83.616|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Orissa Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Odisha]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Bargarh]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 = [[District Collector|Collector and District Magistrate]]
| leader_name1 = Mrs. Monisha Banerjee, IAS
| leader_title2 = Divisional Forest Officer Cum Wildlife Warden
| leader_name2 = Sandeep Pratly, [[Indian Forest Service|IFS]]
| footnotes =
| leader_title3 = [[Superintendent of Police (India)|Superintendent of Police]]
| leader_name3 = Smit Parmar, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 5837
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1,481,255
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = 253
| population_rank = 13
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language|Odia]], [[English language|English]]
| demographics1_title2 = Spoken
| demographics1_info2 = [[Sambalpuri language|Sambalpuri]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 768 028
| area_code = 6683, 6684, 6685,0 6646
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = OD-17
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 976 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Aw]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1 = 75.16%
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Bargarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bargarh]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = 5{{collapsible list|title={{nbsp}}|001-[[Padampur (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Padampur]] 002-[[Bijepur (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bijepur]] 003-[[Bargarh (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bargarh]] 004-[[Attabira (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Attabira(SC)]] 005-[[Bhatli (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhatli]]}}
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|1527|mm|in}}
| blank3_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank3_info_sec2 = {{convert|46|°C|°F}}
| blank4_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank4_info_sec2 = {{convert|10|°C|°F}}
| website = {{URL|www.bargarh.nic.in/}}
}}
{{State of Odisha}}

'''Bargarh District''' is an administrative district of [[Odisha]] [[States and territories of India|state]] in eastern [[India]]. The city of [[Bargarh]] is its district headquarters. The district was carved out of the erstwhile district of [[Sambalpur district|Sambalpur]] on 1 April 1993.

== History ==
In ancient times, Bargarh was part of [[Dakshina Kosala]], along with large parts of western Odisha and the plains of Chhattisgarh. The region was most likely in the pre-Maghadan empire of [[Mahapadma Nanda|Mahapadmananda]]. However there is no mention of the territory in Mauryan inscriptions, so it is unknown whether the Mauryans controlled Dakshina Kosala. After the collapse of the Mauryan empire, Dakshina Kosala became ruled by the [[Chedi Kingdom|Chedis]]. It was from Dakshina Kosala and [[Kharavela|Kharavela's]] ancestors came to Kalinga. Dakshina Kosala was most likely part of Kharavela's empire. After Kharevala, the Megha dynasty ruled the region. In the 4th century CE, the Allahabad inscription records Samudra Gupta defeated Mahendra of Kosala, corresponding roughly to present day Chhattisgarh plains and western Odisha. Although not annexed to the Gupta empire, Kosala remained within Gupta spheres of influence evidenced by presence of Gupta coins in the region.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Orissa district gazetteers : Sambalpur|url=http://www.indianculture.gov.in/gazettes/orissa-district-gazetteers-sambalpur|access-date=2021-05-13|website=INDIAN CULTURE|language=en}}</ref>

In the 6th century, the Sarabhpuriyas from Sarabha (now identified as [[Sirpur, Mahasamund|Sirpur]] in present-day Chhattisgarh) came to prominence. Their territory included present-day Bargarh district, as well as parts of Kalahandi. They were succeeded by the [[Panduvamshis of Dakshina Kosala|Panduvamshis]], whose king, Tivaradeva, tried to expand east of Kosala into Utkala, now coastal Odisha. Although he failed, he kept control of Kosala including Bargarh. In the last decades of the 9th century, the [[Somavamshi dynasty|Somavamshis]] ruled over present-day Kosala. Janamejaya I expanded his domain south and east, and defeated the [[Kalachuri dynasty|Kalachuris]]. His son Yayati was blocked by the Kalachuris when attempting to expand into the north and west of Kosala, but Bargarh was in his realm. The Somavamshis were defeated during [[Rajendra Chola I|Rajendra Chola]]'s northern expedition. In the chaos that followed, Yayati II stabilized the kingdom, which corresponded to modern Odisha. His son beat off Kalachuri invasions during his reign, but the kingdom soon collapsed. Kosala fell into [[Telugu Chodas|Telugu Choda]] hands, who had aided a rival king who defeated the Somvamshis. The Telugu Cholas were soon driven out by the Kalachuris. A branch of the [[Rashtrakuta dynasty|Rashtrakutas]] became rulers of Bargarh and were vassals of the Kalachuris. During Kalachuri reign was issued a copper plate, c. 1131, that mentions the town ''Vagharakotta'' which some scholars associate with Bargarh. The Kalachuris soon began a long struggle with the Gangas of Utkala, which ended 100 years after when the Gangas drove the Kalachuris out around 1211.

However the Gangas soon became embroiled in struggles elsewhere, and the region was conquered by the Chauhan Rajputs of [[Patna State|Patna]]. In the later part of the 16th century, the [[Sambalpur State|Samblapur Chauhans]] became independent. It was during this time that temple construction reached its height. The Chauhans continued ruling independently until the mid 18th century. The rulers then were weak, and real power rested in the ''diwans''. Akbar Ray was the most powerful of these diwans. Ray soon took Sambalpur by force, and antagonised the Marathas. However he was soon overthrown by Jayant Singh in 1781. However, the state faced constant attack by the Marathas of Nagpur, who attempted to subdue the kingdom by force. Eventually, in 1800, they conquered the kingdom and placed a governor there and imprisoned the Chauhans in Chandrapur. During the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] in 1804, Sambalpur fell into British hands. However these territories were returned to the Marathas in 1806. After the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War|Third Anglo-Maratha war]] in 1817, Sambalpur officially became British territory and the Chauhans were restored to the throne. However they lacked the former authority over their feudal lords which they had before.<ref name=":0" />

In 1827, the king Maharaja Sai died and his widow was placed on the throne. Incensed by the breach of custom of letting a woman rule, many of the [[Gondi people|Gond]] and [[Binjhal]] landlords, threatened by caste Hindu favourites of the rani, supported a rival claimant [[Surendra Sai]]. The insurgency lasted for a long time until British troops defeated the insurgents. The British then deposed the rani and placed a distant descendant on the throne. In 1849, he died without a male heir, and the British annexed the state under the Doctrine of Lapse.<ref name=":0" />

During the 1857 rebellion, mutineers stationed in Sambalpur broke Surendra Sai and his companions, including [[Madho Singh (Ghess)|Madho Singh]] out of jail, and they soon raised an army against the British. While initially he simply wanted his and his brother's sentences commuted, when the British proposed harsher punishments and began closely guarding him, he escaped to where his brother had gathered 2000 men. Many of the principal zamindars were mustering their ''paiks'' against the British. However, the British came down with troops from Nagpur, the Madras Presidency and Chota Nagpur. They defeated the insurgents in open country and by February 1858 had taken back most of the district, but the insurgents were able to use the dense jungles and difficult terrain to their advantage. By 1861, the British adopted a more conciliatory approach to surrendering rebels, and finally in 1862 Surendra Sai surrendered. However the insurgency still continued and in 1864, Surendra Sai was arrested and his brothers too. They were all put in prison, where they died. Today Veer Surendra Sai and his rebels are honoured as freedom fighters.<ref name=":0" />

The region saw the Odia Language Movement in 1891 and contributed to the freedom struggle. Many freedom fighters came from here.

Bargarh was formerly part of Sambalpur district but was separated out in 1993.

==Geography==
Bargarh district lies in the western part of Odisha bordering Chhattisgarh. It borders [[Mahasamund district|Mahasamund]] and [[Raigarh district|Raigarh]] districts of Chhattisgarh on the northwest, [[Jharsuguda district]] to the north, [[Sambalpur district]] to the east, [[Subarnapur district|Subarnapur]] and [[Balangir district|Balangir]] districts to the south and [[Nuapada district]] to the west.

Bargarh is mainly open plain, with several small hill ranges.

== Administrative setup ==
The 12 Tahasils in Bargarh district under two sub-divisions are listed in the following table.

{| class="wikitable"

|+ 12 Tahasils
! # !! [[Bargarh|Bargarh Sub-Division]] !! [[Padmapur|Padampur Sub-Division]]
|-
|| 1 || [[Bargarh]] || [[Padmapur|Padampur]]
|-
|| 2 || [[Ambabhona]] || [[Bijepur]]
|-
|| 3 || [[Attabira]] || [[Gaisilat]]
|-
|| 4 || [[Barpali]] || [[Jharbandh]]
|-
|| 5 || [[Bhatli]] || [[Paikmal]]
|-
|| 6 || Bheden || Sohela
|}

The 12 Blocks in Bargarh district under two sub-divisions are listed in the following table.

{| class="wikitable"

|+ 12 Blocks
! # !! [[Bargarh|Bargarh Sub-Division]] !! [[Padmapur|Padampur Sub-Division]]
|-
|| 1 || [[Bargarh]] || Rajborasambar
|-
|| 2 || [[Ambabhona]] || [[Bijepur]]
|-
|| 3 || [[Attabira]] ||[[Gaisilat]]
|-
|| 4 || [[Barpali]] || [[Jharbandh]]
|-
|| 5 || [[Bhatli]] || [[Paikmal]]
|-
|| 6 || Bheden || Sohela
|}

== Demographics ==

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Bargarh district (2011)<ref name="census2011-religion">{{cite web|title=Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Odisha|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11387/download/14500/DDW21C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Odisha|Hindus]]|darkorange|98.50}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Odisha|Christians]]|dodgerblue|0.79}}
{{bar percent|[[Odia Muslims|Muslims]]|green|0.51}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.20}}
}}

The district has a population of 14,81,255. 50.58% of the district is male and 49.42% female. The literacy rate is 66.42%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 20.17% and 18.98% of the population respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Demography {{!}} Bargarh District Government of Odisha {{!}} India|url=https://bargarh.nic.in/demography/|access-date=2020-08-30|language=en-US}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
| thumb = left
| caption = Languages of Bargarh district (2011 census)<ref name="census2011-langreport"/>
| label1 = [[Sambalpuri language|Sambalpuri]] | value1 = 76.22 | color1 = khaki
| label2 = [[Odia language|Odia]] | value2 = 17.36 | color2 = gold
| label3 = [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]] | value3 = 2.66 | color3 = salmon
| label4 = [[Hindi]] | value4 = 1.51 | color4 = orange
| label5 = Others | value5 = 2.25 | color5 = Grey
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 76.22% of the population spoke [[Sambalpuri language|Sambalpuri]], 17.36% [[Odia language|Odia]], 2.66% [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]] and 1.51% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="census2011-langreport">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Odisha|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10217/download/13329/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2100.XLSX|website=Census of India 2011 |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=3,71,066|13=1911|14=4,29,684|15=1921|16=4,49,182|17=1931|18=5,01,975|19=1941|20=5,65,389|21=1951|22=6,12,037|23=1961|24=6,93,122|25=1971|26=8,39,622|27=1981|28=10,32,354|29=1991|30=12,07,172|31=2001|32=13,46,336|33=2011|34=14,81,255|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}

== Economy ==
All-season irrigation from [[Hirakud]] dam on the [[Mahanadi]] makes the northern half of Bargarh District rich in agriculture, mostly [[rice|paddy]].<ref>http://www.navratnanews.com</ref>

==Politics==
===Vidhan sabha constituencies===
{{Main|List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha}}
The following are the five [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan sabha]] constituencies<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their EXtent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref> of Bargarh district and the elected members<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ws.ori.nic.in/ola/mlaprofile/listofmem1.asp |title=List of Member in Fourteenth Assembly |work=ws.ori.nic.in |quote=MEMBER NAME |access-date=19 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502003512/http://ws.ori.nic.in/ola/mlaprofile/listofmem1.asp |archive-date=2 May 2007 }}</ref> of that area
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!No.
!Constituency
!Reservation
!Extent of the Assembly Constituency (Blocks)
!Member of 16th Assembly
![[Political party|Party]]

|-
!1
|[[Padampur (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Padampur]]
|None
|[[Jharbandh]], Paikmal, Rajborasambar, Padampur (NAC)
|Bijaya Ranjan Singh Bariha
| bgcolor="#004225" | [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|-
!2
|[[Bijepur (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bijepur]]
|None
|[[Bijepur|Bijepur(NAC)]], [[Gaisilat]], [[Barapali|Barpali]]
|[[Rita Sahu]]
| bgcolor="#004225" | [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|-
!3
|[[Bargarh (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bargarh]]
|None
|Bargarh, Bargarh (M), Barpali (part)
|Debesh Acharya
| bgcolor="#004225" | [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|-
!4
|[[Attabira (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Attabira]]
|SC
| Attabira, Bheden
| [[Snehangini Chhuria]]
| bgcolor="#004225" | [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|-
!5
|[[Bhatli (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhatli]]
|None
|Sohella, Bhatli, Ambabhona
| [[Susanta Singh]]
| bgcolor="#004225" | [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://bargarh.nic.in/}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Bargarh district
|North =
|Northeast = [[Jharsuguda district]]
|East = [[Sambalpur district]]
|Southeast = [[Subarnapur district]]
|South = [[Balangir district]]
|Southwest = [[Nuapada district]]
|West = [[Mahasamund district]], [[Chhattisgarh]]
|Northwest = [[Raigarh district]], [[Chhattisgarh]]
}}

{{Bargarh district}}
{{Western Orissa}}
{{Odisha}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bargarh District}}
[[Category:Bargarh district| ]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in Orissa]]
[[Category:Districts of Odisha]]

Bargarh district - Revision history

UpdateBot at 20:41, 27 June 2022