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{{About|Barmer district|Barmer headquarter|Barmer, Rajasthan}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Barmer district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Rajasthan|District]] of [[Rajasthan]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|size = 250
|photo1a = The Kiradu Temples in perspective (cropped).jpg
|photo1b = Kalpesh,Nakoda Tirath 2007.JPG
|photo2a = Fort of Siwana - Barmer - Rajasthan - 002.jpg
|photo2b = Viratra Vankal Mata Temple.jpg
|photo3a = A view on Sams sand dunes.JPG
}}
| image_caption = Clockwise from top-left:
[[Kiradu temples|Kiradu Mandir]],
[[Siwana]] Fort, [[Nakodaji]],
[[Viratra Vankal Mata Temple]], [[Barmer, Rajasthan|Barmer]],
A view of Sams Sand Dunes, [[Siwana]] Fort
| coordinates = {{coord|25.75|N|71.38|E|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint = Barmer, Rajasthan{{!}}Barmer
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jodhpur division|Jodhpur]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Barmer, Rajasthan|Barmer]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = [[Barmer, Rajasthan|Barmer]], Barmer Gramin, [[Gadra Road]], [[Gudamalani]], Gira, [[Chohtan]], [[Dhanau]], [[Dhorimana]], Nokhra, Bataru, [[Ramsar, Rajasthan|Ramsar]], [[Sheo]], [[Sedwa]]
| area_total_km2 = 28387
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 2,603,751
| population_footnotes = <ref name=districtcensus/>
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]] and [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]]
| demographics1_title2 =
| demographics1_info2 =
| leader_title = [[District magistrate|District Collector & District Magistrate]]
| leader_name = [[Tina Dabi]], [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Barmer District Administration |url=https://barmer.rajasthan.gov.in/pages/sm/contact-directory/11215/26/30261 |access-date= 11 September 2024}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]]
| leader_name1 = Narendra Singh Meena, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]<ref name="Barmer District Administration">{{cite web |title=Barmer District Administration |url=https://barmer.rajasthan.gov.in/pages/sm/contact-directory/11215/26/30261 |access-date= 6 June 2024}}</ref>
| leader_title2 = [[Chief executive officer|Chief Executive Officer, Zila Parishad]]
| leader_name2 = Sidharth Palanichami, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<ref name="Barmer District Administration">{{cite web |title=Barmer District Administration |url=https://barmer.rajasthan.gov.in/pages/sm/contact-directory/11215/26/30261 |access-date= 6 June 2024}}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate = RJ-04
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|http://barmer.rajasthan.gov.in/|Barmer District}}
| official_name =
| area_code = 02982
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 344001
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_rank = 5th
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-point = none
| native_name_lang = hi
}}

'''Barmer district''' is a district in [[Rajasthan]] state of [[India]]. Barmer is located in the western part of Rajasthan state forming a part of the [[Thar Desert]].<ref name="DP-Barmer">{{cite web|title=District Profile: Barmer|publisher=Government of Rajasthan|url=http://barmer.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/barmer/en/about-barmer/geographical-and-physical-features.html}}</ref> Barmer was the third largest district by area in Rajasthan and fifth largest district in [[India]], occupying an area of 28,387 km<sup>2</sup> before creation of new districts. Being in the western part of the state, it includes a part of the Thar Desert. Jaisalmer is to the north of this district while Jalore is in its south. Balotra form its eastern border and it shares a border with Pakistan in the west. Partially being a desert, this district has a large variation in temperature. The temperature in summer can rise up to 51 °C and falls near to 0 °C in winter. Luni is the longest river in Barmer district. After travelling a length of almost 500 km, it passes through Jalore and merges in the marshy land of Runn of Kutch.<ref name="area-rank">{{cite web|title=Largest Districts of India by Total Area|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/facts/largedistricts.html}}</ref> District headquarters is in the town of [[Barmer, Rajasthan|Barmer]]. The other major towns in the district are: [[Guda Malani]], [[Dhorimana]], [[Sheo]] and [[Chohatan]]. Recently, a large onshore oil field has been discovered and made functional in Barmer district. Barmer is also famous for [[pomegranate]].

== History ==
In earlier times, the district was known as Malani, in the name of [[Rawal Mallinath]] [[Rathore (Rajput clan)|Rathore]] (मल्लिनाथ). Rawal Mallinath was the son of Rao Salkha and Rawal Mallinath is cultural, philanthropical and religious icon in Barmer, He is worshiped as God by local peoples. The whole area around the river [[Luni River|Luni]] was said to have '''Malani''' (मलानी), derived from the name Mallinath. Present name of Barmer is derived from its founder ruler Bahad Rao Parmar (Juna Barmer), it was named Bahadamer ("The Hill Fort of Bahada"). He built a small town which is presently known as "Juna" which is 25 km from present city of Barmer. After Parmers, Rawat Luka -Grand Son of [[Rawal Mallinath]], establish their kingdom in Juna Barmer with help of his brother Rawal Mandalak. They defeated Parmers of Juna & made it their capital. Thereafter, his descendant, Rawat Bhima, who was a great warrior, established the present city of Barmer in 1552 AD and shifted his capital to Barmer from Juna.<ref>{{cite web|last1=History|first1=Barmer|title=History of Barmer|url=http://barmer.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/barmer/en/about-barmer/history.html|publisher=Government of Rajasthan}}</ref>

==Geography==
Barmer is located in the western part of the state forming a part of the [[Thar Desert]]. The district borders [[Jaisalmer district]] in the north, [[Jalore district]] in the south, [[Balotra district]] in the east, and Pakistan in the west. The district borders [[Tharparkar|Tharpakar district]] of [[Sindh]], the district with the largest population of Hindus in Pakistan. The district of barmer has been divided into two with formation of Balotra on 7 August 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://theprint.in/india/rajasthan-balotra-residents-thank-gehlot-for-declaring-it-new-district/1458260/ | title=Rajasthan: Balotra residents thank Gehlot for declaring it new district | website=[[ThePrint]] | date=20 March 2023 }}</ref>

The total area of the district is {{Convert|28387|sqkm|sqmi|0}}.<ref name="DP-Barmer" /> After [[Jaisalmer district]] and [[Bikaner district]], it was the third largest district of Rajasthan before new district formation. It is also the fifth largest district in the country.

The district is located between 24,58' to 26, 32'N Latitudes and 70, 05' to 72, 52' E Longitudes.<ref name="DP-Barmer" />

The longest river in the district is the [[Luni River|Luni]]. It is 480 km in length and drain into the [[Gulf of Kutch]] passing through [[Jalore]]. The variation in temperature in various seasons is quite high owing to arid thar desert and sandy soil. In summers the temperature soars to 46 °C to 51 °C. In winters it drops to 0 °C (41 °F). Primarily Barmer district is a desert where average rainfall in a year is 277 mm. However, extreme rainfall of 549 mm rain between 16 and 25 August 2006 left many dead and huge losses due to flood in a nearby town Kawas and whole town submerged. As many as twenty new lakes formed, with six covering an area of over 10 km<sup>2</sup>.

Poorly planned and rapid urbanisation has increased Barmer's vulnerability to flash flooding. The local ecology and soil type is not equipped to deal with sudden or excessive water accumulation, which causes short- and long-term damage. Other areas suffer the gradual effects of 'invisible disasters', which also threaten the lives and livelihoods of the locals.<ref>[http://cdkn.org/2014/06/harmonising-climate-adaptation-and-disaster-risk-reduction-india/ Local approaches to harmonising climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction: Lessons from India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707145104/http://cdkn.org/2014/06/harmonising-climate-adaptation-and-disaster-risk-reduction-india/ |date=7 July 2014 }}, Anshu Sharma, Sahba Chauhan and Sunny Kumar, SEEDS India, 2014</ref>

===Climate===

The climate is hot [[semi arid]] (Koppen: BSh).

{{Weather box
|location = Barmer (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 36.6
|Feb record high C = 39.4
|Mar record high C = 43.3
|Apr record high C = 48.3
|May record high C = 49.9
|Jun record high C = 48.7
|Jul record high C = 45.5
|Aug record high C = 43.7
|Sep record high C = 45.9
|Oct record high C = 43.1
|Nov record high C = 39.4
|Dec record high C = 35.2
|year record high C = 49.9
|Jan high C = 30.5
|Feb high C = 30.5
|Mar high C = 39.8
|Apr high C = 44.0
|May high C = 45.9
|Jun high C = 44.9
|Jul high C = 41.6
|Aug high C = 38.8
|Sep high C = 40.3
|Oct high C = 40.2
|Nov high C = 36.1
|Dec high C = 31.6
|year high C = 38.7
|Jan low C = 6.0
|Feb low C = 8.2
|Mar low C = 13.3
|Apr low C = 18.6
|May low C = 22.9
|Jun low C = 23.9
|Jul low C = 23.7
|Aug low C = 23.4
|Sep low C = 22.6
|Oct low C = 17.6
|Nov low C = 11.4
|Dec low C = 7.3
|year low C = 16.6
|Jan record low C = -1.7
|Feb record low C = 3.8
|Mar record low C = 4.5
|Apr record low C = 12.2
|May record low C = 16.7
|Jun record low C = 16.2
|Jul record low C = 19.4
|Aug record low C = 20.0
|Sep record low C = 16.7
|Oct record low C = 13.9
|Nov record low C = 6.7
|Dec record low C = 2.3
|year record low C = -1.7
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 1.3
|Feb rain mm = 2.4
|Mar rain mm = 1.8
|Apr rain mm = 2.8
|May rain mm = 29.8
|Jun rain mm = 65.8
|Jul rain mm = 99.1
|Aug rain mm = 123.0
|Sep rain mm = 73.2
|Oct rain mm = 3.8
|Nov rain mm = 1.2
|Dec rain mm = 0.5
|year rain mm = 385.8
|Jan rain days = 0.2
|Feb rain days = 0.3
|Mar rain days = 0.2
|Apr rain days = 0.4
|May rain days = 0.8
|Jun rain days = 1.4
|Jul rain days = 6.3
|Aug rain days = 5.3
|Sep rain days = 1.9
|Oct rain days = 0.4
|Nov rain days = 0.2
|Dec rain days = 0.2
|year rain days = 17.7
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|Jan humidity = 30
|Feb humidity = 25
|Mar humidity = 21
|Apr humidity = 19
|May humidity = 22
|Jun humidity = 33
|Jul humidity = 48
|Aug humidity = 54
|Sep humidity = 43
|Oct humidity = 28
|Nov humidity = 30
|Dec humidity = 32
|year humidity = 32
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Barmer Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 200–201
}}</ref>
}}

==Economy==
In 2016 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Barmer one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the twelve districts in Rajasthan currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=8 September 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2012}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=3,13,102|13=1911|14=2,99,518|15=1921|16=2,81,438|17=1931|18=3,08,264|19=1941|20=3,94,529|21=1951|22=4,77,282|23=1961|24=6,49,794|25=1971|26=7,74,805|27=1981|28=11,18,892|29=1991|30=14,35,222|31=2001|32=19,64,835|33=2011|34=26,03,751|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=center}}

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Barmer district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Rajasthan|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|86.22}}
{{bar percent|[[Rajasthani Muslims|Islam]]|green|12.34}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism in Rajasthan|Jainism]]|pink|1.31}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|0.57}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.13}}
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, the district had a population of 2,603,751. The district has a population density of {{convert|92|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 32.52%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Barmer has a [[sex ratio]] of 902 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 56.53%. 6.98% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 16.76% and 6.77% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus>{{Cite web |title=District Census Handbook 2011 - Barmer|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1076/download/3318/DH_2011_0817_PART_A_DCHB_BARMER.pdf|website=[[Census of India]]|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

=== Languages ===
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Barmer district (2011)<ref name="language"/>
|label1 = [[Marwari language|Marwari]]
|value1 = 61.14 |color1 = maroon
|label2 = [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]] |value2 = 32.93 |color2 = firebrick
|label3 = [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] |value3 = 3.99 |color3 = limegreen
|label4 = [[Hindi]] |value4 = 1.60 |color4 = orange
|label5 = Others |value5 = 0.34 |color5 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 61.14% of the population spoke [[Marwari language|Marwari]], 32.93% [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]], 3.99% [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] and 1.60% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10220/download/13332/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0800.XLSX|title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Rajasthan|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> People in the west of the district along the border with Pakistan speak [[Dhatki language|Dhatki]], a mix of Marwari and Sindhi.

==People and culture==
Barmer district is part of the Great Indian Desert or Thar Desert. Like all other districts in the desert region, Barmer is known for its [[folk music]] and dance. The [[Bhopa]]s (priest singers) are found in Barmer, who compose music in honour of the [[deities]] of the region and its war heroes. The other folk musicians come from a community called the Muslim Dholis (drummers) for most of whom this is the only means of livelihood. [[Langha (tribe)|Langas]] and [[Manganiar]]s are the some of these communities. People speak mostly [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]], while [[Hindi]] is the official language here. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 16.8% and 6.8% of the population respectively.

Barmer is known for its carved wooden furniture and hand block printing industry.

==Tourism==

Barmer is famous for its historic monuments and the temples which are located in the region. Barmer city houses number of such temples which attract tourists from all over the country. The city is very famous for the temple of Goddess [[Jagdamba]]. It is an ancient temple and the archaeologists suggest that the temple is as old as 500 years. The Jagdambe Mata temple is located at a height of around 140 m above plain land.

Barmer is also famous for the cattle fair (Tilwara) which is organised every year. The place is also renowned for camel milk, hand [[Block printing in India|block printing]], woollen industries, carved wooden furniture and handicrafts.

The major festival of the region is the Thar festival which is organised every year by the government to attract more and more tourists to the region. The festival is organised in the month of March every year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.barmernewstrack.com/2019/10/barmer-history-barmer-ka-itihas-barmer.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014111809/https://www.barmernewstrack.com/2019/10/barmer-history-barmer-ka-itihas-barmer.html |archive-date=14 October 2019 |title=Barmer history, barmer ka itihas, barmer news track - Barmer news track}}</ref>

==Administration==
[[Barmer, Rajasthan|Barmer]] is the headquarters of the district, which is the principal town also, for the administrative purposes. The district is divided into 3 sub-divisions viz, [[Barmer Taluka|Barmer]], [[Sheo]] and [[Guda Malani]].

===Tehsils===
*Barmer
*Barmer Rural
*Batadoo
*[[Chohtan]]
*[[Dhanau]]
*[[Dhorimana]]
*[[Gadra Road]]
*[[Guda Malani]]
*[[Nokhra]]
*[[Ramsar, Rajasthan|Ramsar]]
*Sedwa
*[[Sheo]]

The total of 2,160 villages<ref name="administration">{{cite web|title= Administration|last1=Administration of Barmer District|first1=Barmer|url=http://barmer.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/barmer/en/about-barmer/administration.html}}</ref> in Barmer District come under Seventeen [[Panchayat Samiti]]s. 

== Oil industry ==
Once known as "kala pani<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/barmer-vaults-to-no-1-in-per-capita-income/articleshow/68543841.cms|title=Barmer vaults to No. 1 in per capita income |first=Srikanta |last=Tripathy |date=24 March 2019|website=The Times of India|access-date=2019-10-22 }}</ref>" where government employees were sent on punishment postings because of its desert, water problems, and border area. In 2009, the Barmer district came into the news due to its large Oil basin. The British exploration company [[Cairn Energy]] is going to start the production soon in the year 2009 on the large scale. [[Mangala Area|Mangala]], Bhagyam and Aishwariya are the major oil fields in the district. This is India's biggest oil discovery in 22 years. Cairn works in partnership with state owned [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation]] (ONGC).<ref name="PM to unveil Cairn India's Barmer oilfield soon">{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/energy/oil-gas/PM-to-unveil-Cairn-Indias-Barmer-oilfield-soon/articleshow/4887747.cms|title=PM to unveil Cairn India's Barmer oilfield soon|work=The Economic Times|date=13 August 2009|access-date=4 May 2010}}</ref> Cairn holds 70% in the field, while state-run ONGC holds the remaining 30%. In March 2010, Cairn increased oil potential from this field to 6.5 billion barrels of oil – from an earlier estimate of 4 billion barrels.<ref name="Cairn revises Barmer oil field upwards to 7 bn barrels">{{Cite news|title=Cairn revises Barmer oil field upwards to 6.5 bn barrels|date=23 March 2010 |url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/cairn-revises-barmer-oil-field-upwards-to-65-bn-barrels_100338301.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008124502/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/cairn-revises-barmer-oil-field-upwards-to-65-bn-barrels_100338301.html|archive-date=8 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Underground airbase==
[[Uttarlai]] military airbase is situated in Barmer district, [[Uttarlai]] is India's first under ground airbase. The Battle of Longewala (4 December 1971 – 5 December 1971) was one of the first major engagements in the Western Sector during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]], fought between assaulting Pakistani forces and Indian defenders at the border post of [[Longewala]].{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}
In March 2024, the government gave the Barmer district collector free land to build a civil airport near the Uttarlai Air Force Station. The government also approved 65 acres of land for the airport. The terminal will be built on 7.10 bigha of land near Uttarlai. Flights will start from the Air Force runway, and Barmer will be connected with air service. {{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

== See also ==

* [[Thar Desert]]
* [[Tharparkar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{cite web|title=Official Website|publisher=Barmer District|url=http://barmer.rajasthan.gov.in}}
* {{cite web|title=Barmer Guide|publisher=Trodly|url=http://www.trodly.com/destination/3307/barmer}}
* {{cite web|title=District Barmer: Gram Panchayat, Samiti and Ward Map|publisher=Excise Department, Government of Rajasthan|url=http://rajexcise.net/web/images/barmer.jpg|access-date=21 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521200859/http://rajexcise.net/web/images/barmer.jpg|archive-date=21 May 2013|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|author=Sethi, Supreet |title=Place to see: Barmer, Jodhpur, India |publisher=Everywhere (travel magazine) |date=27 June 2008 |url=http://www.everywheremag.com/places/4902/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080630061635/http://www.everywheremag.com/places/4902 |archive-date=30 June 2008 |url-status=dead }}
{{Clear}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Barmer district
|North = [[Jaisalmer district|Jaisalmer]]
|Northeast = [[Jodhpur district|Jodhpur]]
|East = [[Pali district|Pali]]
|South = [[Jalor district|Jalor]]
|West = [[Pakistan]]
}}

{{Barmer district}}
{{Districts of Rajasthan}}
{{Rajasthan}}
{{Hindu temples in Rajasthan}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barmer District}}
[[Category:Barmer district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Districts in Jodhpur division]]
[[Category:Thar Desert]]

Barmer district - Revision history

SherleneGirardi at 07:14, 6 February 2026