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{{short description|City in Punjab, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bathinda
| other_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = {{photomontage
| photo1a = Qila Mubarak In 2015.jpg
| photo2a = HOCKEY STADIUM, BATHINDA.jpg
| photo2b = Takhat shiri Dam Dma Sahib IMG 9862.jpg
| photo3a = Guru Nanak Dev,Thermal power plant, Bathinda 2013-10-27 10-35.jpg
| spacing = 1
| color_border =
| color =
| size = 240
}}
| caption = Top: [[Qila Mubarak]], Hockey Stadium Bathinda, [[Takht Sri Damdama Sahib]], [[Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Plant]] and Bathinda Lake
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|30|13|48|N|74|57|07|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bathinda district|Bathinda]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Municipality
| leader_title1 = Member of Parliament
| leader_name1 = Harsimrat Kaur Badal ([[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]])
| governing_body = [[Bathinda Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title = Commissioner
| leader_name = Sh. Sawan kumar
| leader_title2 = Mayor
| leader_name2 = Smt. Raman Goyal
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 210
| population_total = 285,813
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = Punjab: [[List of cities in Punjab and Chandigarh by population|5th]], India: [[List of cities in India by population|161st]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 15100X
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91-164-XXX XXXX
| registration_plate = PB-03
| website = {{URL|https://bathinda.nic.in/}}
| blank3_name_sec1 = Railways Stations in City
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Bathinda railway station]]
| official_name =
}}
'''Bathinda''' is a city and [[municipal corporation]] in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India. The city is the administrative headquarters of [[Bathinda District]]. It is located in northwestern India in the [[Malwa (Punjab)|Malwa]] Region, {{cvt|227|km}} west of the capital city of [[Chandigarh]] and is the fifth largest city of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].

Bathinda is home to the [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University]], [[Central University of Punjab]] and [[AIIMS Bathinda]]. The city is also home to two modern thermal power plants, [[Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Plant]] and [[Guru Hargobind Thermal Plant]] at Lehra Mohabbat.<ref name="bathinda.nic.in">{{cite web|url=http://www.bathinda.nic.in/html/places_to_visit.html#N10007|title=Places to Visit|access-date=25 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091126030332/http://www.bathinda.nic.in/html/places_to_visit.html#N10007|archive-date=26 November 2009|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Also located in the city is a [[fertilizer]] plant,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bathinda.nic.in/html/industry.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050607235802/http://www.bathinda.nic.in/html/industry.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2005-06-07|title=Industry}}</ref> two cement plants ([[Ambuja Cements]] and [[UltraTech Cement|UltraTech Cement Limited]]), a large army cantonment, an air force station, a zoo,<ref name="bathinda.nic.in"/> and a historic [[Qila Mubarak]] fort.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.north-india.in/punjab/districts/bhatinda.htm |title=Bhatinda - district of Punjab - North India Online |access-date=2008-07-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719142724/http://www.north-india.in/punjab/districts/bhatinda.htm |archive-date=2011-07-19 }}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Qila Mubarak in Bathinda.jpg|thumb|left|a iconical Qila Mubarak which was built by King [[Kanishka]] in 2nd CE century and is the location where the first [[Empress]] of India [[Razia Sultana]] was held captive<ref name="fort">{{cite web |title=Raziya Sultan |url=http://www.indiasite.com/delhi/history/raziasultan.html |access-date=7 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331130034/http://www.indiasite.com/delhi/history/raziasultan.html |archive-date=31 March 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>]]Bhatinda was changed to Bathinda to conform to the phonetical expression as locally pronounced.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=http://bathinda.nic.in/html/district_at_a_glance.html#N10024|title=District at A glance|access-date=3 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110050936/http://bathinda.nic.in/html/district_at_a_glance.html#N10024#N10024|archive-date=10 January 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> According to [[Henry George Raverty]], Bathinda was known as ''Tabar-i-Hind'' (Labb-ut-Twarikh) or ''Tabarhindh'', which roughly translates as ‘Gateway to India’. The earliest mention of Tabar-i-Hind occurs in the ''Jami-Ul-Hakayat'' written about 607 Hijri or 1211 AD.<ref name="GoP">{{Cite web|author=|url=https://bathinda.nic.in/history/|title=Bhatinda History|publisher=Government of Punjab}}</ref>

In 1004, [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] besieged and captured the local fort, which was located on the route from the northwest into the rich [[Ganges]] valley.
It was ruled by
In 1190, [[Muhammad of Ghor ]] attacked and occupied the fort of Bathinda. [[Prithviraj Chauhan]], the ruler of this region, managed to recover possession of the fort thirteen months later in 1191 after the [[First Battle of Tarain]]. However, Prithviraj Chauhan was killed in the [[Second Battle of Tarain]] and the fort of Bathinda once again came under the control of [[Muhammad Ghori]].

In 14th century present region of bathinda was ruled by [[Bhati]] and [[Bhanot]] rulers of that time.

[[Bhanot|1488]], Bathinda was conquered by [[Rao Bika]], son of [[Jodha of Mandore]] (founder of [[Jodhpur State|Jodhpur]]) and became part of [[Bikaner State|Bikaner]] princely state.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gupta|first=Jugal Kishore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0Z457ZOR44C&dq=Rao+Bika+bhatinda&pg=PA24|title=History of Sirsa Town|date=1991|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri|language=en}}</ref>

Bathinda was an important fort in the area from [[Delhi]] to [[Lahore]] during the time of the [[Delhi Sultanate]].

In 1634, a battle named [[Battle of Lahira]] (at Lahira in Bathinda) was fought between [[Guru Hargobind]] and [[Mughals]].

The town had become an important trade and commercial centre under [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rule and the [[Mughal Emperors]] such as [[Akbar]] and [[Aurangzeb]] undertook many projects to enhance the fort of Bathinda.

In circa 1754, the town was conquered by Maharaja Ala Singh, the [[Maharaja of Patiala]] and since then it followed the history of erstwhile princely state of [[Patiala]]. With the dawn of independence and merger of Patiala and East Punjab States into a division called [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]] (PEPSU), Bathinda became a full-fledged district with headquarters at Bathinda city.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

==Demographics==
{{see also|List of cities in Punjab and Chandigarh}}

===Population===
As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Bathinda city in 2011 is 285,813; male and female are 151,782 and 134,031 respectively. The sex ratio of Bathinda city is 868 females per 1000 males. The number of literate people in Bathinda city are 211,318 of which 118,888 are males while 92,430 are females, average literacy rate is 82.84 percent of which male and female literacy is 87.86 and 77.16 percent respectively. Total children (ages 0 to 6) in Bathinda city are 30,713: 16,472 boys and 14,241 girls. Child sex ratio of girls is 865 per 1000 boys.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/16-bathinda.html|title=Census 2011}}</ref>

===Religion===
[[Hinduism]] is the majority religion in Bathinda city with 62.61% people following the faith. [[Sikhism]] is the second most popular religion in the city which is followed by 35.04% of the people. Minorities are Muslims, Christians, Buddhists and Jains. [[Sikhs]] count for 70.89% of the population in [[Bathinda District]] on a whole in spite of not being a majority in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/599-bathinda.html|title=Bathinda District Population Census 2011, Punjab literacy sex ratio and density}}</ref>

{{bar box|width = 300px
|barwidth = 250px |cellpadding="0"
|title=Religion in Bathinda<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/16-bathinda.html|title=Bathinda City Population Census 2011 - Punjab}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|DarkOrange|62.61}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|Yellow|35.04}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|Green|1.12}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|Blue|0.33}}
{{bar percent|Others|Grey|0.90}}}}

==Geography and climate==
Bathinda is in the northwestern region of India and is a part of the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain|Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains]]. The exact cartographic co-ordinates of Bathinda are {{Coord|30.20|N|74.95|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/23/Bhatinda.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Bhatinda, India}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 201 metres (660 ft).

{{climate chart
|Bathinda
|7|20|10.1
|10|24|19.2
|15|30|7.9
|21|37|9.8
|26|41|19.9
|28|41|38.2
|28|37|90.3
|27|36|83.8
|25|36|51.8
|19|34|9.4
|13|29|1.4
|8|23|3.6
|source=[http://weather.in.msn.com/local.aspx?&wealocations=wc%3a3821&q=Bhatinda%2c+Punjab&setunit=C MSN World Weather ]
|float=right
|clear=
}}

Bathinda's climate corresponds to semi-arid with high variation between summer and winter temperatures. Average annual rainfall is relatively low, in a range of 20 mm to 40 mm.<ref>http://www.mapsofindia.com/ maps/india/annualrainfall.htm</ref>

In recent times, Summer temperatures of 49 °C (120 °F)<ref>under the section 'historical monthly average for may', subsection 'temperature', http://www.myweather2.com/City-Town/India/Bhatinda/climate-profile.aspx?month=5</ref> and winter temperatures of 1 °C (about 33 °F)<ref>under the section 'historical monthly average for Jan', subsection 'temperature', http://www.myweather2.com/City-Town/India/Bhatinda/climate-profile.aspx?month=1</ref> were not unknown in Bathinda, lowest being -1.4 °C (29.48 °F) in the winter of 2013<ref>A news report, {{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/bathinda/bathinda-records-region-s-lowest-temperature-at-1-4-c/article1-986114.aspx |title=Bathinda records region's lowest temperature at -1.4°C - Hindustan Times |access-date=2014-05-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531201226/http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/bathinda/bathinda-records-region-s-lowest-temperature-at-1-4-c/article1-986114.aspx |archive-date=2014-05-31 }}</ref>

== Government and politics ==
Bhatinda city is governed by Municipal Corporation Bhatinda. The administrative wing is headed by Municipal Commissioner Bikramjit Singh Shergill,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Municipal Corporation Bhatinda|url=https://mcbathinda.com/Commissioner.html}}</ref> while the elected wing is headed by Mayor.

==Transportation==
[[Bathinda Junction railway station|Bhatinda Railway Station]] has connectivity to most of the major cities in India. Four national highways: [[National Highway 7 (India)|NH 7]] ([[Fazilka]] - [[Badrinath]] National Highway), [[National Highway 54 (India)|NH 54]] (Kenchiyan, [[Hanumangarh]] - [[Pathankot]] National Highway), [[National Highway 148B (India)|NH 148B]] (Bathinda to [[Kotputli]]) and [[National Highway 754 (India)|NH 754]] (Bathinda to [[Jalalabad, Fazilka]]) pass through/near the city.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Highways of India|url=http://www.nhai.org/doc/23june12/nh_nh%20wise.pdf|website=National Highway Authority of India|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127182030/http://www.nhai.org/doc/23june12/nh_nh%20wise.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2018|location=Wayback Machine}}</ref>

==Education==

=== College education ===
Colleges within Bathinda include:

[[Central University of Punjab|Central university of Punjab]]

* [[Adesh University]]
* [[Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences & Research|Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research]]
* [[Akal University]], [[Talwandi Sabo]]
* DAV College, Bathinda<ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome to DAV College, Bathinda.|url=http://www.davbathinda.com/}}</ref>
* [[Government Rajindra College, Bathinda]]
* [[Guru Kashi University]]
* [[Bathinda College of Law]]
*[[Institute of Hotel Management Catering Technology & Applied Nutrition, Bathinda|Institute of Hotel Management, Catering Technology and Applied Nutrition, Bathinda]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nchm.nic.in/node/192|title=State Government Affiliated Institutes of Hotel Management {{!}} NCHMCT|website=National Council For Hotel Management and Catering Technology|access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref>

==== DAV College, Bathinda ====
Established in 1969, the college is a pioneer of education in the region.

=== Central University of Punjab ===
[[File:Central University of Punjab, Bathinda.jpg|thumb|[[Central University of Punjab]], Bathinda]]
The [[Central University of Punjab]] Bathinda (Punjab) has been established through the Central Universities Act 2009 which received the assent of the President of India on 20 March 2009. Its territorial jurisdiction extends to the whole State of Punjab.

It started its functioning from Camp Office in April 2009, which happens to be the residence of the Vice Chancellor, and from November 2009 it shifted to its City Campus spread over an area of 35 acres. Construction of the main campus has started on 540 acres of land in Ghudda Village (21.5 km from Bathinda ISBT) on Badal Road. [[Engineers India Limited]], a Navratna Public Sector Undertaking, is providing PMC services for the project.<ref>http://www.cup.ac.in/publications/newsletter_vol.1%3B%20no.3%3B%20august-october2013.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>

=== Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University ===
[[Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University|Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University (MRSPTU)]], formerly Maharaja Ranjit Singh State Technical University, is a State technical university of Punjab located in Bathinda, [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], India. It was established in 2015 and has jurisdiction over 11 districts namely [[Bathinda district|Bathinda]], [[Ferozepur district|Ferozepur]], [[Moga district|Moga]], [[Faridkot district|Faridkot]], [[Sri Muktsar Sahib district|Sri Muktsar Sahib]], [[Barnala district|Barnala]], [[Mansa district, Punjab|Mansa]], [[Sangrur district|Sangrur]], [[Patiala district|Patiala]], [[Fatehgarh Sahib district|Fatehgarh Sahib]] and [[Fazilka district|Fazilka]]. University will function from upgraded [[Giani Zail Singh Punjab Technical University Campus]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mrsptu.ac.in/about_univ.php|title=About MRSPTU|access-date=27 June 2018}}</ref>

=== Adesh Institute of Medical Science and Research ===
[[Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences & Research]] (AIMSR) is a private not for profit Medical College associated with a 750-bed Tertiary Care Teaching hospital. It has 150 M.B.B.S. annual seat intake. The college is located on the Barnala Bathinda Highway. The college was established in 2006 under Adesh Institutions. AIMSR is approved by [[Medical Council of India]] and permitted by [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Ministry of Health & Family Welfare]]. It was affiliated to [[Baba Farid University of Health Sciences]], Faridkot from 2006 to 2011 MBBS Admissions Batch and is affiliated to [[Adesh University]], Bathinda starting 2012.

==Notable people==
*[[Baba Ratan Hindi]], who claimed to be the first Indian Muslim
*[[Harbhajan Mann]], actor and singer
*[[Rajinder Gupta]], businessman, founder of TridentGroup
*[[Mehar Mittal]], actor and producer
*[[Mayank Markande]], cricketer
*[[Gurpreet Singh (artist)|Gurpreet Singh]], artist
*[[Manny Aulakh]], Canadian international cricketer
*[[Avneet Sidhu]], Commonwealth games gold-winning shooter
*[[Parduman Singh Brar]], Shotputter, Asiad gold medallist
*[[Balkar Sidhu]], singer
*[[Amrit Maan]], actor, singer and lyricist
*[[Balwant Gargi]], writer and dramatist
*[[Riaz ur Rehman Saghar]], Pakistani poet and lyricist
*[[Gurdial Singh]], novelist
*[[Kuldeep Manak]], singer
*[[Janmeja Singh Sekhon]], politician
*[[Sunny and Inder Bawra]], composer duo
*[[Kul Sidhu]], theatre artist and actress
*[[Mehreen Pirzada]], actress

==Environmental Issues==
There has been increasing incidence of various types of cancer in and around Bathinda. It is attributed to the presence of polluting industries and the indiscriminate use of modern pesticides and other toxic materials in farming. A 2007 epidemiological study found that the surface waters of Bathinda are contaminated with [[arsenic]], [[cadmium]], [[chromium]], [[selenium]] and [[mercury (element)|mercury]] primarily due to the discharge of untreated waste water from surrounding industries. Unscientific farming practices, that emerged after the introduction of [[Green Revolution]], are also alleged to be a reason for growing incidence of not just cancer but also, high rates of spontaneous abortions, reproductive ailments, genetic deformities, [[anaemia]], [[diarrhoea]], vomiting, [[Skeletal fluorosis|fluorosis]] and a host of skin ailments including rashes and boils. Many young couples are also reported to be migrating out to save their children from adverse effects. Hence the government has completely banned the use of ground water in the city for drinking purposes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/article2427870.ece|title=Cancer Bathinda's dubious distinction|date=6 September 2011|newspaper=The Hindu|last1=Sharma|first1=Vrinda}}</ref>

In the cleanliness survey, conducted by the Union Ministry of Urban Development, Bathinda scored an all-India rank of 79 and number 1 rank in Punjab.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Bathinda cleanest in Punjab, but slips to 79th ranking|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/bathinda-cleanest-in-punjab-but-slips-to-79th-ranking-128991|access-date=2020-09-14|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref>

==Suburbs of Bathinda==
* [[Bhucho Mandi]] 15 km
* [[Goniana]] 14 km
* [[Maur Mandi]] 37 km
* [[Rampura Phul]] 30 km
* [[Talwandi Sabo]] 29 km
* [[Raman, Punjab (India)|Raman]] 42 km
* [[Sangat, India]] 21 km
* [[Bhagta Bhai, Kotha Guru ka]] 35 km

==See also==
* [[Bathinda district]]

==References==

{{div col}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Div col end}}

==External links==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091124020515/http://bathinda.nic.in/ Official website of Bathinda district]

{{Bathinda district}}
{{Punjab (Indian state)|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Bathinda| ]]
[[Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2001]]
[[Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements]]

Bathinda - Revision history

WikiDwarfBOT at 00:09, 22 July 2023