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{{Short description|1591 battle between Mughal Empire and Kathiawar forces}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Bhuchar Mori
| width =
| partof = [[Akbar's conquest of Gujarat]]
| image = Sketch of Battle of Bhuchar Mori from Yaduvanshprakash.jpg
| caption = Sketch from the ''Yaduvanshprakash'' by Mavdanji Ratnu, 1934
| date = July 1591
| place = [[Bhuchar Mori]] plateau near [[Dhrol State]] (now near [[Dhrol]], [[Jamnagar district]], [[Gujarat]], India)
| coordinates = {{coord|22.582|70.400|type:event_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| map_type = India Gujarat#India
| map_relief =
| latitude =
| longitude =
| map_size =
| map_marksize =
| map_caption = Location of battle in Gujarat
| map_label = Bhuchar Mori
| territory = * [[Gujarat]] captured by [[Mughal Empire]] and Dissolution of [[Gujarat Sultanate]]
| result = Mughal victory
| status =
| combatant1 = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] [[Mughal Empire]] [[Junagadh State]]
| combatant2 = [[Nawanagar State]] [[Gujarat Sultanate]] [[Muli State]]
| commander1 = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] [[Mirza Aziz Koka]] Daulat Khan Ghori
| commander2 = [[Muzaffar Shah III]] Jam Sataji Jam Ajaji{{KIA}} Jasa Vajir{{KIA}} Rao Bharmalji I Sanganji Vadher Vasaji Parmar
[[ Charan Gopaldas Ji Barhat ]]
| commander3 = गोपालदास बारहठ: युद्ध में वीरगति प्राप्त करने वाले एक प्रमुख चारण योद्धा, जिनका "पालिया" (स्मारक) आज भी युद्ध मैदान में है। [1]

जामनगर के जामसताजी ने संवत् 1639वि.को अहमदाबाद के 'मुजफ्फर शाह' बादशाह को शरण दे दी। अकबर ने ईसे लोटाने को कहा परन्तु सताजी ने शरणागत की रक्षा का अपना धर्म समझते हुए वापिस देने से मना कर दिया। इस पर अकबर के सूबेदार मिर्जा अजीज कोका को जामनगर पर सेना देकर भेजा।
नवानगर (जामनगर) के महान वीर चारण परबतजी वरसङा ने जामनगर के प्रत्येक गाँव में जाकर वीरत्व का बोध कराते हुए नवयुवकों की सैन्य टुकङी तैयार की । और नागङा वजीर के नेतृत्व में युद्ध क्षेत्र को प्रयाण किया और परबतजी वरसडा विरता से लडकर विरगति को प्राप्त हुए।अकबर की भारी सेना से यह एतिहासिक युद्ध 'भुचर मोरी' की समर भुमि मे लङा गया। दुसरी ओर महात्मा ईसरदासजी बारहठ के पुत्र 6 ग्रामो के गरासदार गोपालदासजी बारहठ अपने परिजनों सहित अन्य पाँच सौ तूम्बेल चारणो की टुकङी का स्वयं नेतृत्व करते हुए, विर चारणो की सेना को लेकर समर भुमि मे पहुचें।
इस युद्ध में अकबर की सेना से अप्रतिम वीरता से लङते हुए इन चारणों ने शत्रुओं का भारी विनाश किया ओर खून की बहती धारा में इन्होने मरण को वरण किया। इन चारण वीर योद्धाओं के पराक्रम को देखकर " मिरजा अजीज कोका" ने कहा ,जेमने पासे आवां चारणों छै' तेने आपणे केवी रीते जीती शकीशुं ? धन चारणो ने जेमणे पोताना धणीनुं नमक उजाली पृथ्वी पर पोतानुं नाम अमर कर्यु।" कुल मीलाकर 1100 चारण ईस युद्ध मे विरता से लडकर शहीद हुए।
इस युद्ध में सताजी के पुत्र अजाजी रणखेत रहे। जिनकी पाग लेकर गोपालदासजी बारहठ ने राणी को सुपुर्द किया, जिसके साथ राणी भूचर मोरी के रणक्षेत्र में आकर सती हुई। गरासदार गोपालदास बारहठ के शरीर पर 52 घाव लगे हुए थे । इसलिए वह भी कुछ देर बाद विरगति को प्राप्त हुए । आज भी भूचर मोरी के युद्ध मैदान मे इस विर बारहठ का "पालिया" (चबुतरा) बना हुआ है।जो इसकी वीरता के गीत गाता हुआ इसकी साक्षी दे रहा है। [2]
| units1 =
| units2 =
| units3 =
| strength1 = {{plainlist|
* 80,000–90,000<ref name="PHI" />
}}
| strength2 = {{plainlist|
* 17,000–21,000<ref name="PHI" />
** 84 elephants<ref name="GSLJM1" />

}}
| strength3 =
| casualties1 = {{plainlist|
*10,000–20,000 warriors<ref name="PHI"/><ref name="TS1882" />
*500 injured<ref name="PHI" /><ref name="TS1882" />
}}
| casualties2 = {{plainlist|
* 2,000 warriors<ref name="PHI"/>
* 500 horses disabled<ref name="PHI"/><ref name="TS1882" />
}}
* 1,500 [[pilgrim]] [[sadhus]]
| casualties3 =
| notes = The numbers are derived from agreement of various sources.<ref name="PHI" />
| campaignbox =
| alt = Battle of Dhrol
}}
The '''Battle of Bhuchar Mori''', also known as '''Battle of Dhrol''', was fought between the army of [[Kathiawar]] led by [[Nawanagar State]] and the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] army at [[Bhuchar Mori]] plateau near [[Dhrol]], [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] (now in [[Jamnagar district]], [[Gujarat]], India). It was meant to protect [[Muzaffar Shah III]], the last Sultan of [[Gujarat Sultanate]] who had taken asylum under Jam Sataji of Nawanagar after his escape from the Mughal emperor [[Akbar]]. It was fought in July 1591 ([[Vikram Samvat]] 1648). The Kathiawar army included the armies of [[Junagadh State|Junagadh]] who betrayed Nawanagar and joined the Mughal army at last. The battle led to a large number of casualties on both sides. The battle resulted in the victory of the Mughal army.<ref name="PfefferBehera1997">{{cite book|author1=Georg Pfeffer|author2=Deepak Kumar Behera|title=Contemporary Society: Concept of tribal society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R--XMUsk7sIC&pg=PA198|year=1997|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7022-983-4|page=198}}</ref><ref name="GSLJM1" />

It is considered the largest battle in the history of Saurashtra. It is often dubbed as the ''[[Battle of Panipat (disambiguation)|Panipat]] of Saurashtra''.<ref name="GSLJM1" />

==Background==
Muzaffar Shah III, the Sultan of [[Gujarat Sultanate]], was a titular king and the state was managed by various nobles in divisions who were constantly fighting each other. Muzaffar besieged Ahmedabad with the help of other nobles. Itimad Khan, the noble managing Ahmedabad, invited Mughal emperor Akbar to conquer the state. He entered Ahmedabad without a battle on 18 November 1572. Muzaffar was captured hiding in a grain field. Akbar captured the state gradually by 1573 AD (Vikram Samvat 1629). His governors managed the state from 1573 to 1583 with frequent rebellions and disturbances.<ref name="Dosábhai1894" />

Akbar jailed Muzaffar Shah in [[Agra]] but he escaped to Gujarat in 1583 AD ([[Vikram Samvat]] 1639). After a short stay at [[Rajpipla]], he crossed over to Kathiawar where he was joined by 700 soldiers. He was aided by Loma khuman he raised 5000 cavalry . He plundered villages near Ahmedabad and later captured Ahmedabad and eventually [[Vadodara]] and [[Bharuch]]. Muzaffar was defeated at Ahmedabad by new Mughal governor Mirza Khan on 26 January 1584 AD. Muzaffar fled to [[Mahemdabad]] and later to [[Khambhat]]. As Mirza Khan advanced towards Khambhat in February 1584, he moved to Vadodara where again both forces clashed and Muzaffar was defeated. He fled to mountains. Later when Bharuch was captured by the Mughal, he fled from place to place; first to [[Idar State|Idar]] and later to Kathiawar. As nobody gave him asylum, Jam Sataji of [[Nawanagar State]] agreed and hid him in Barda Hills.<ref name="GSLJM1" /><ref name="DB2015">{{cite web |date=3 September 2015 |title=ગૌરવ ગાથા: ક્ષાત્રધર્મના પાલન માટે ખેલાયું ભૂચર મોરીનું યુધ્ધ |url=http://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/news/SAU-RJK-HMU-bhuchar-mori-war-history-in-rajkot-latest-news-5102199-NOR.html |access-date=10 May 2016 |website=divyabhaskar |language=gu}}</ref>

Akbar transferred his foster brother [[Mirza Aziz Koka]] from Malwa to Gujarat in 1588-89 AD ([[Hijri year]] 997) in place of Mirza Khan to capture Muzaffar.{{Cn|date=May 2024}} The large army was stationed at [[Viramgam]]. He sent Navroz Khan and Saiyad Kasim with troops to find him to [[Morbi]]. Mirza Aziz Koka corresponded with Jam Sataji and asked to surrender but he declined Jam Sataji harassed the Mughal army by cutting their supplies, by killing stragglers, and carrying off horses and elephants whenever he could.<ref name="De2015"/>

==Battle==
[[File:Shri Jam Sataji First.JPG|thumb|Jam Sataji]]
[[File:Shri Jam Ajaji.JPG|thumb|Jam Ajaji who died in battle]]
Mirza Aziz Koka assembled his army near Dhrol which included 8,900 to 9,000 warriors. The army included the Roman, [[Arab]], Russian, [[Turkic peoples|Turk]], Firkani, Habasi, Mirkani, Mukrani, Sindhi, and soldiers from [[Kandhar]], [[Kabul]], [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]], and [[Iran]].<ref name="PHI"/><ref name="GSLJM1">{{cite web |last=Jadav |first=Joravarsinh |date=29 April 2012 |title=આશરા ધર્મને ઉજાગર કરતી સૌરાષ્ટ્રની સૌથી મોટી ભૂચર મોરીની લડાઇ – લોકજીવનનાં મોતી |url=http://www.gujaratsamachar.com/gujaratsamachar.com/20120429/purti/ravipurti/lokjivan.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510180850/http://www.gujaratsamachar.com/gujaratsamachar.com/20120429/purti/ravipurti/lokjivan.html |archive-date=10 May 2016 |access-date=10 May 2016 |website=[[Gujarat Samachar]] |language=gu}}</ref><ref group=note>Various sources suggest the strength of troops from 8900 to 9000. [[Akbarnama]] stated less than 10000 warriors.</ref>

The Kathiawar force was stationed near Dhrol which had 17,000 to 21,000 warriors. The Nawanagar forces included Hapa, Kana, Balach, Jiya, Kabar, Dal, Mod, and Rao clans of [[Jadeja]], Sodha,[[Tumbel]], [[Barhath]], [[Gadhvi]] and other clans of [[Charan|Cāraṇas]], Dhundhan, Dhaman, [[Sumra]], Sindhi, Rajgor. The forces of Jam Sataji was joined by Nawab Dolatkhan Ghori and ''Jagirdar'' Ra Khengar of [[Junagadh State]] and the warriors sent by Rao Bharmalji I of [[Cutch State]]. Sanganji Vadher of [[Okha, Gujarat|Okha]] and Vasaji Parmar of [[Muli State]] joined with their army. Maheraman Ajani of [[Bhadresar]], [[Kutch]] joined Nawanagar with his fourteen sons. The Jamat of naked Atit [[Sadhu]]s, returning from pilgrimage [[Dwarka]] and going to Hinglaj Devi, also joined them. The army also had a large number of cannons, 84 elephants, cavalry, and camels.<ref name="PHI"/><ref name="GSLJM1" /><ref name="TS1882">{{cite book |author=Ranchhodji Diwan |author-link=Ranchhodji Diwan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YbsOAAAAQAAJ |title=Târikh-i-Soraṭh: A History of the Provinces of Soraṭh and Hâlâr in Kâthiâwâd |publisher=Education Society Press, & Thacker |year=1882 |pages=247–252 |language=en}}</ref><ref group=note>Numbers of Kathiawar force does note correspond to other sources. 17000 of Nawanagar, 15000 of Junagadh, 5000 of Kutch and 1500 Atit Sadhus are stated in some sources but seems exaggerated. Other old sources place the Kathiawar forces ranging from 17000-21000 warriors. [[Akbarnama]] stated that it was more than 30000 but it seems that the forces reduced as Junagadh left.</ref><ref group=note>It is stated in Akbarnama that Muzaffar left battlefield without fighting but no other source mention that he participated in the battle.</ref>

When the Mughal army reached Bhuchar Mori, Jam attacked with the auxiliary forces of Kutch.<ref name="Dosábhai1894">{{cite book |author=Edalji Dosábhai |url=https://archive.org/details/ahistorygujartf00dosgoog |title=A History of Gujarát: From the Earliest Period to the Present Time |publisher=United Print. and General Agency |year=1894 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ahistorygujartf00dosgoog/page/n175 133]–147}}</ref><ref name="Gujarat1964">{{cite book|author=India. Superintendent of Census Operations, Gujarat|title=District Census Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XcrUAAAAMAAJ|year=1964|publisher=Director, Government Print. and Stationery, Gujarat State|pages=41, 45, 195}}</ref> There were two night raids on the Mughal forces too and the battle was delayed two days due to rain.<ref name="PHI"/> Several skirmishes were fought, in each of which the Kathiawar army was victorious. Due to the season of rain, the battlefield was not suitable and the strategy of Jam Sataji won frequently. After a period of three months,<ref name="DB2015">{{cite web |date=3 September 2015 |title=ગૌરવ ગાથા: ક્ષાત્રધર્મના પાલન માટે ખેલાયું ભૂચર મોરીનું યુધ્ધ |url=http://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/news/SAU-RJK-HMU-bhuchar-mori-war-history-in-rajkot-latest-news-5102199-NOR.html |access-date=10 May 2016 |website=divyabhaskar |language=gu}}</ref> Mirza Aziz Koka started peace talks with mediation of Chandrasinh of [[Kingdom of Jhalavad|Halvad]]. He had agreed to pay two [[lakh]] to Jam Sataji and one lakh secretly to Chandrasinh if the peace talks succeed. Daulat Khan of Junagadh secretly made pacts with Mirza Aziz Koka. As Mirza Aziz Koka assured support, he declared the war with Jam Sataji again.<ref name="TS1882"/><ref name="De2015">{{cite web |author=DeshGujarat |date=3 September 2015 |title=A memorial dedicated to the battle of Bhuchar Mori ready to open |url=http://DeshGujarat.Com/2015/09/03/a-memorial-dedicated-to-the-battle-of-bhuchar-mori-ready-to-open/ |access-date=10 May 2016 |website=DeshGujarat}}</ref><ref name="GSLJM2">{{cite web | title=જામનગરની પ્રજાએ કુંવર અજાજીના મૃત્યુનો શોક અઢીસો વર્ષ પાળીને રાજભક્તિ દર્શાવી – લોકજીવનનાં મોતી | website=[[Gujarat Samachar]] | date=6 June 2012 | url=http://www.gujaratsamachar.com/gujaratsamachar.com/20120506/purti/ravipurti/lokjivan.html | language=gu | access-date=10 May 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510212540/http://www.gujaratsamachar.com/gujaratsamachar.com/20120506/purti/ravipurti/lokjivan.html | archive-date=10 May 2016 | last=Jadav | first=Joravarsinh | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
[[File:Chandrasinh_negotiates_peace_between_Mughals_and_katiyawad.png|thumb|Before the Battle of Bharuch Mori, Chandrasinh Jhala of [[Kingdom of Jhalavad|Halvad]] (centre) tries to negotiate peace between Mughal (right) and Kathiawad army (left)]]
When the battle began, the armies of Junagadh left the Kathiawar forces. As Jam Sataji discovered the betrayal, he alighted from his elephant, mounted a fleet horse and left the battlefield to secure the state and family. His minister, Jasa Vajir, and his son Jasaji continued the battle till evening; he also guarded the family of the Jam, whom he placed in ships and despatched by sea, to escape being captured, and afterwards all returned to Nawanagar.<ref name="TS1882"/> The battle started and lasted for three [[prahar]]s (nine hours approximately). There were 26,000 to 30,000 soldiers on the battlefield.<ref name="PHI"/> There was a large number of casualties. The artillery, horses, elephants, and camels were also used in the battle.<ref name="PHI"/><ref name="GSLJM2"/>

Jam Sataji's son Kunwar Ajaji III, who was in town due to his wedding feast, left with over 500 Rajput warriors of his wedding party to the battlefield with Nag Vajir.<ref name="TS1882"/><ref name="DB2015"/><ref name="GSLJM2"/>

The next day, the right wing of Mughal forces were led by [[Qasim Khan Barha and Hashim Khan Barha|Sayyid Kasim]], Naurang, and Gujar Khan; and the left by Muhammad Rafi, who was a celebrated general, with several imperial Amirs and Zamindars. Mirza Marhum, son of Nawab Azim Humayun, commanded the centre, and before him Mirza Anwar and the Nawab himself took their post. The Nawanagar army was commanded by Jasa Vajir, Kunwar Ajaji, and Mehramanji Dungarani. Nag Vajir, Dahyo Lodak, Bhaljidal were also leading the troops. A cannonade from both armies opened the combat. Muhammad Rafi assailed the army of the Jam with his battalions, while Gujar Khan and Mirza Anwar, the Nawab attacked Kunwar Ajaji, Jasa Vajir.<ref name="PHI"/><ref name="TS1882"/><ref name="GSLJM2"/>
[[File:Bhuchar mori stone memorial 07.jpg|thumb|On the north side wall of the memorial shrine, a 16th-century art in traditional style depicting Ajaji on the horse attacking Mirza Aziz Koka on an elephant.|left]]
Kunwar Ajaji was on a horse and Mirza Aziz Koka was on an elephant. Ajaji had attacked Mirza Aziz Koka with a spear, but he was not harmed. But Ajaji was attacked by Mughal soldiers and he died on the battlefield.<ref name="Singhji1994">{{cite book|author=Virbhadra Singhji|title=The Rajputs of Saurashtra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&pg=PA259|date=1 January 1994|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7154-546-9|page=259}}</ref> Jasa Vajir, Mehramanji, Dungarani, Bhanjidal, Dahyo Lodak, Nag Vajir, and Togaji Sodha also died on the battlefield. 2000 Kathiawar soldiers died.<ref name="PHI"/> In the Mughal forces, Mohammed Rafi, Saiyad Saifuddin, Saiyad Kabir, and Saiyad Alikhan also died. Both armies suffered heavily. It is believed that both armies lost more than 10,000 soldiers. More than one thousand Atit Sadhus died. Jam Sataji lost 67 relatives including his son, nephew, and son-in-law. The fourteen sons of Mehramanji also died.<ref name="De2015"/><ref name="GSLJM2"/> The 700 horses of Nawanagar were disabled.<ref name="PHI"/> In the Mughal army, Muhammad Rafi, Sayyid Sharf-ud-din, Sayyid Kabir, Sayyid Ali Khan, and 100-200 other soldiers died while 500 were wounded.<ref name="PHI"/><ref name="TS1882"/>

===Date===
According to the notes of the office of Nawanagar, the battle ended on Wednesday, the 7th of the dark fortnight of [[Shraavana]] month (Shraavana Vad 7) of Vikram Samvat 1648 (July 1591). The day was a festival day of ''Shitla Satam''. The ''doha'' by Gambhirsinh Parmar also gives the same date.<ref name="GSLJM1" /><ref name="DB2015"/><ref group=note>The ''doha'' in {{langx|gu|સંવત સોળ અડતાલીસે, સાવણ માસ ઉદાર, જામ અજો સૂરપૂર ગયો, વદ સાતમ બુધવાર}}</ref>

According to ''[[Akbarnama]]'', the forces met on 4th Amardād or 6th Shawal 999 (14-18 July 1591).<ref name="PHI">{{cite web| last=Fazl| first=Abu| title=Victory Of The K. Azim M. Koka And The Disgrace Of Mozaffar Gujrati in ''The Akbarnama''| website=Packard Humanities Institute| url=http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00702050%26ct%3D0| access-date=14 May 2016| pages=902–911| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714022016/https://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00702050%26ct%3D0| archive-date=14 July 2018| url-status=dead}}</ref>

The date of the battle as given by [[Ranchhodji Diwan]], the [[dewan|diwan]] of Junagadh, in ''Tarikh-i-Sorath'' is the 8th of the bright fortnight of the Aaso month, Samvat 1648 or 6th day of Rajab month, Hijri year 1001.<ref name="TS1882"/><ref name="Dosábhai1894"/><ref group=note>These dates are probably not true as the festival of Shitla Satam is marked as a day of death of Ajaji not corresponding to Vikram Samvat date. Hijri year 1001 correspond to 1593 which does not match.</ref>

==Aftermath==
As the Mughal army advanced towards Nawanagar, Jam Sataji instructed queens to leave the town by ship from the port. Gopaldas Barhath, the son of Isardasji Barhath of Sachana, reached Surajkunwarba, the recently married Sodha wife of Ajaji, with the [[Paghadi]] of Ajaji. Surajkunwarba left the town to reach the battlefield. She was attacked on the way by Mughals but was protected by Thakor Sahib of Dhrol who negotiated even though he had not participated in the battle due to personal differences with Jam Sataji. She reached the battlefield and committed [[Sati (practice)|Sati]] on the funeral pyre of Ajaji.<ref name="DB2015"/><ref name="GSLJM2"/>

Mirza Aziz Koka reached Nawanagar and plundered it. Jam Sataji left to Junagadh to save Muzaffar. Daulat Khan was wounded in the battle and went off the Junagadh<ref name="PHI"/> and died later. The Mughal Army reached Junagadh but returned to Ahmedabad as it was fatigued due to the long season. In 1592 AD, Mirza Aziz Koka again proceeded to Kathiawar with fresh forces. He besieged Junagadh and the garrison surrendered after three months. Muzaffar had already left to the Barda hills. The Mughal army finally left to Ahmedabad after placing a governor at Junagadh. They also eventually conquered [[Prabhas Patan]], [[Dwarka]], and [[Bet Dwarka]].<ref name="TS1882"/><ref name="Dosábhai1894"/><ref name="GSLJM2"/>

After leaving the Barda hills, Muzaffar reached [[Okha, Gujarat|Okha]] Mandal where he spent some time. Mirza Aziz Koka sent his son with troops to capture him. Sava Wadher died while covering the escape of Muzaffar. Muzaffar reached Kutch from Vasta Bandar and requested asylum from Rao Bharamalji I of Kutch. The Mughal army was sent to [[Morbi]] and prepared to cross [[Rann of Kutch]] to enter Kutch. Rao surrender Muzaffar to the troops sent for his capture as he knew the fate of Nawanagar and Junagadh. While being escorted to the Mughal camp, Muzaffar alighted from his horse near Dhrol after traveling the whole night. He went behind a tree on some pretense and committed suicide by cutting his own throat with a knife on 24 December 1592. With his death, the rule of the [[Muzaffarids (Gujarat)|Muzaffarid dynasty]] of [[Gujarat Sultanate]] ended.<ref name="TS1882"/><ref name="Dosábhai1894"/><ref name="Srivastava1962">{{cite book|author=Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava|title=Political history, 1542-1605 A.D|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gn4bAAAAIAAJ|year=1962|publisher=Shiva Lal Agarwala|page=323}}</ref><ref name="India1980">{{cite book|author=Numismatic Society of India|title=The Journal of the Numismatic Society of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ElYaAAAAYAAJ|year=1980|page=133}}</ref>

Morbi was granted to Rao Bharmalji as a ''jagir'' for his service. Jam Sataji returned Nawanagar in 1593 AD (Vikram Samvat 1649). He lived at Nawanagar but the affairs of the state were managed by the Mughal deputy with his concert. Jasaji, the second son of Jam Sataji, was kept at Delhi for some time.<ref name="TS1882"/><ref name="Dosábhai1894"/> In the absence of Sataji, Kalabai; the queen of Kunwar Bhanji, the son of Rana Ramdevji of [[Ranpur, Gujarat|Ranpur]]; had conquered the areas formerly lost to Nawanagar with the help of Mers and Rabaris and established its new capital at Chhaya village.<ref name="Watson1879">{{cite book|author=John Whaley Watson|title=Statistical Account of Porbandar: Being the Porbandar Contribution to the Káthiáwár Portion of the Bombay Gazetteer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JYEoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA26|year=1879|publisher=Printed at the Education Society's Press|page=26}}</ref>

==Legacy==
<gallery>
File:Bhuchar mori stone memorial 04.jpg|Memorial shrine of Ajaji and nearby ''[[paliya]]''s (herostones)
File:Bhuchar mori stone memorial 10.jpg|Horse-mounted statue of Ajaji at the site
File:Bhuchar mori stone memorial 03.jpg|Paliya
File:Bhuchar mori stone memorial 05.jpg|Paliya of Nag Vajir on right
</gallery>
Many folklore, songs, historical fictions and stories originated from the event.<ref name="Gujarat1964"/> Due to large number of casualty, in Halar region, the word ''Bhuchar Mori'' became almost synonymous with the massacre.<ref name="Dosábhai1894"/><ref name="Hodivala1979">{{cite book|author=Shahpurshah Hormasji Hodivala|title=Studies in Indo-Muslim History: A Critical Commentary on Elliot and Dowson's History of India as Told by Its Own Historians, with a Foreword by Sir Richard Burn : Supplement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73pDAAAAYAAJ|year=1979|publisher=Islamic Book Service|page=557}}</ref>
===Memorial site===
{{main article|Bhuchar Mori#Memorial site}}
The memorial site is situated on the plateau of Bhuchar Mori. There is ''[[paliya]]'' or memorial stone of Ajaji in a shrine. The ''paliya'' dedicated to his wife Surajkunwarba, stand south of it. On the north side wall of the shrine, there is a 16th-century art in traditional style depicting Ajaji on the horse attacking Mirza Aziz Koka on an elephant. There are 23 more ''paliya''s in the compound. More eight memorials are outside of the compound and one dedicated to Rakhehar Dholi is some distance away. There are 32 memorials in total. There are eight tombs on the southwest of the shrine dedicated to the soldiers of the Mughal army. The site had a well and a mosque.<ref name="DB2015"/><ref name="GSLJM2"/>

A new memorial was commissioned by [[Government of Gujarat]] at the site in 2007 and it was completed in September 2015.<ref name="DeshGuj2015">{{cite web | author=DeshGujarat | title=Memorial to martyrs of Bhuchar Mori battle unveiled | website=DeshGujarat | date=4 September 2015 | url=http://DeshGujarat.Com/2015/09/04/memorial-to-martyrs-of-bhuchar-mori-battle-unveiled/ | access-date=10 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="AP2015">{{cite web | title=Guj CM Dedicates Bhuchar Mori Shaheed Memorial at Dhrol, Jamnagar | website=Official Website of Gujarat Chief Minister Anandiben Patel | date=4 September 2015 | url=http://anandibenpatel.com/en/bhuchar-mori-shaheed-van-will-be-developed-says-guj-cm-while-dedicating-bhuchar-mori-shaheed-memorial-at-dhrol-jamnagar/ | access-date=10 May 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601222405/http://anandibenpatel.com/en/bhuchar-mori-shaheed-van-will-be-developed-says-guj-cm-while-dedicating-bhuchar-mori-shaheed-memorial-at-dhrol-jamnagar/ | archive-date=1 June 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref> A memorial forest, ''Shaheed Van,'' was opened to public in August 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://sandesh.com/gujarat-cm-vijay-rupani-at-bhuchar-mori/|title=મુખ્ય પ્રધાન વિજય રૂપાણીએ 'ભૂચર મોરી'માં ખુલ્લુ મુકાયું 'શહીદ વન'|date=14 August 2016|work=[[Sandesh (Indian newspaper)|Sandesh]]|access-date=30 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825192022/http://sandesh.com/gujarat-cm-vijay-rupani-at-bhuchar-mori/|archive-date=2016-08-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since 1992, the memorial site is visited by people of Kshatriya community for prayers on Shitla Satam. The annual fair is organized on the last of the [[Shraavana|Shravan]] month (Shravan Vad Amavasya) which is attended by thousands.<ref name="Gujarat1964"/><ref name="GSLJM2"/><ref name="General1965">{{cite book|author= Office of the Registrar General India|title=Census of India, 1961: Gujarat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zQEdAQAAMAAJ|year=1965|publisher=Manager of Publications|page=378}}</ref>

===Mourning===
As Kunwar Ajaji had died on Shraavana Vad 7, Shitla Satam, the people of Navanagar State and adjoining Halar region had stopped the celebrations of the day. After years, when Bapubha, son of Jam Ranmalji born on the same day, the people started the celebrations of Shitla Satam. The people mourned for nearly 250 years on the day.<ref name="Gujarat1964"/><ref name="GSLJM2"/><ref name="General1965" />

===In literature===
[[Adho Duraso|Durso Adho]], the court poet of Akbar, wrote a poetry with mixture of love and heroic moods titled ''Kumar Shri Ajajini Bhuchar Morini Gajgat''.<ref name="GSLJM2"/><ref name="Datta1987">{{cite book|author=Amaresh Datta|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&pg=PA74|year=1987|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1803-1|pages=74–}}</ref> The event is described in the works of court poets of Nawanagar; ''Vibhavilas'' (1893) by Vajmalji Mahedu and ''Yaduvansh Prakash'' (1934) by Mavdanji Ratnu.<ref name="GSLJM1" /> Gujarati author [[Jhaverchand Meghani]] had written a novel, ''Samarangan'' in 1938 based on the event.<ref name="DB2015" /><ref name="De2015" /> [[Harilal Upadhyay]] wrote ''Ranmedan'' (1993) focused on the background which led to the battle.<ref name="Upadhyay">{{cite web |last=Upadhyay |first=Jiten |title=Ranmedan |website=Historical Novel in Gujarati By Harilal Upadhyay |url=http://www.harilalupadhyay.org/bookdetails/RanMedan.htm |language=gu |access-date=10 May 2016 |archive-date=6 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306040304/http://www.harilalupadhyay.org/bookdetails/RanMedan.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Notes and references==

===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=note}}

===References===
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Mughal Empire|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhuchar Mori}}
[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Rajputs]]
[[Category:1591 in India]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1591]]
[[Category:Jamnagar district]]
[[Category:Gujarat under the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:16th century in the Mughal Empire]]

Battle of Bhuchar Mori - Revision history

AlfonzoGuess50 at 13:12, 5 May 2026