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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Nadaun
| partof = [[Mughal-Sikh Wars]]
| image =
| caption =
| date = 1691<ref name="sarsa">{{cite book|url=http://m.friendfeed-media.com/6e9ec7f58014456d2d5fd015cc8af9d2974509c0|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges|page=704|author=Jacques, Tony|year=2006|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-33536-5|access-date=9 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626120848/http://m.friendfeed-media.com/6e9ec7f58014456d2d5fd015cc8af9d2974509c0|archive-date=26 June 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="jacques">Jacques, p. 704</ref>
| place = [[Nadaun]]
| result = Bhim Chand/ Sikh coalition victory<ref>{{cite book|title= The Sikhs : Their Journey Of Five Hundred Years|author= Raj Pal Singh|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ra19YSPDliQC&q=hargobind+jahangir&pg=PA35|publisher= Pentagon Press|year= 2004|isbn= 9788186505465|page= 35}}</ref>
| combatant1 = [[File:Bilaspur_flag.svg|25px]] Raja Bhim Chand of [[Kahlur|Bilaspur]], aided by: [[File:Sikh_flag.jpg|50px]] [[Guru Gobind Singh]]'s disciples ([[Sikhs]]) Prithi Chand of Dadhwal, Command Chiefs
| combatant2 = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|50px]][[Wazir Khan (Sirhind)|Wazir Khan]] Raja of Kangra Raja Dayal of Bijarwal
| commander1 = Bhim Chand [[File:Bilaspur_flag.svg|25px]] [[File:Sikh_flag.jpg|25px]] [[Guru Gobind Singh|Sri Guru Gobind Singh]] Other Rajas & Command Chiefs
| commander2 = Alif Khan Mian Khan Kirpal Chand Raja Dayal of Bijarwal
}}
{{Campaignbox Mughal-Sikh Wars}}
The '''Battle of Nadaun''' was fought at [[Nadaun]], between [[Raja]] [[Bhim Chand]] of [[Kahlur|Bilaspur]] (Kahlur) and the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] under [[Alif Khan]]. Raja Bhim Chand was supported by [[Guru Gobind Singh]] (the tenth [[Sikh Guru]]) and other hill chieftains, Bhim Chand and other hill chieftains after conclusion of [[Battle of Bhangani]] had refused to pay tribute to the Mughal emperor.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Raj Pal|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ra19YSPDliQC&q=hargobind+jahangir&pg=PA35&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Nadaun&f=false|title=The Sikhs: Their Journey of Five Hundred Years|date=2003|publisher=Bhavana Books & Prints|isbn=978-81-86505-46-5|language=en}}</ref> The Mughals were supported by Raja of [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]] and Raja [[Dayal of Bijarwal|Dayal]] of [[Bijarwal]].<ref>{{cite book
| last = Singh
| first = Kartar
| title = Guru Gobind Singh and the Mughals
| publisher = Guru Gobind Singh Foundation
| location = [[Chandigarh]]
| year = 1967
| oclc = 49259
| pages = 55
}}</ref> The battle resulted in the victory of Raja Bhim Chand and Sikh alliance

Different authors give the date of the battle variously as 1687,<ref>{{cite book
| last = Malik
| first = Arjan Dass
| title = An Indian guerilla war : the Sikh peoples war, 1699-1768
| publisher = Wiley
| location = [[New York City|New York]]
| year = 1975
| isbn = 978-0-470-56576-6
| oclc = 1339733
| pages = 22
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last = Johar
| first = Srinder Singh
| title = The Sikh gurus and their shrines
| year = 1976
| publisher = Vivek Pub. Co.
| oclc = 164789879
| quote = A fierce battle was fought at Nadaun in 1687.
| pages = 87
}}</ref> 1689,<ref>{{cite book
| last = Mansukhani
| first = Gobind Singh
| title = The Quintessence of Sikhism
| publisher = [[Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee]]
| location = [[Amritsar]]
| year = 1965
| oclc = 2654849
| pages = 46
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last = Seetal
| first = Sohan Singh
| title = Prophet of Man, Guru Gobind Singh
| publisher = Seetal Pustak Bhandar
| location = Ludhiana
| year = 1968
| oclc = 115772
| pages = 179
| quote = This battle of Nadaun was fought in November, 1689.
}}</ref> 1690,<ref>{{cite book
| last = Singh
| first = Gopal
| title = A History of the Sikh People, 1469-1978
| publisher = World Sikh University Press
| location = [[New Delhi]]
| year = 1979
| oclc = 6330455
| pages = 275
| quote = This is known as the battle of Nadaun and was fought probably late in 1690
}}</ref> 20 March 1691,<ref name="AvinashDani_Tribune">{{cite news
| url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99nov07/sunday/head5.htm
| title = Little-known gurdwara of Nadaun
| author = Avinash Dani
| work = Sunday Reading
| publisher = [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]
| date = 7 November 1999
| access-date = 2007-12-06
}}</ref> and 4 April 1691.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://hphamirpur.gov.in/temple.htm#n10
| title = Temples in the District: Gurudwara sahib Nadaun
| publisher = NIC Hamirpur
| access-date = 2007-12-06
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071220202707/http://hphamirpur.gov.in/temple.htm#n10
| archive-date = 20 December 2007
| url-status=dead
}}</ref>

''[[Bichitra Natak]]'', considered to be the autobiography of Guru Gobind Singh, is one of the major sources of information about the battle. However, its authorship is disputed by some scholars.

==Cause==
The Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]]'s [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] campaigns against [[Bijapur Sultanate|Bijapur]] and [[Golconda Sultanate|Golconda]] had put considerable strain on the Mughal exchequer. To meet these expenses, Aurangazeb ordered the Governor of [[Punjab region|Punjab]], Azim Khan, to recover annual tributes from the rulers of hill states, who had been defaulting on the payment for three consecutive years.<ref name="AvinashDani_Tribune"/>

Azim Khan assigned the duty of collecting tributes to Mian Khan, the viceroy of [[Jammu]]. The duty of collecting tributes from Kangra and adjoining principalities was assigned to Alif Khan (or Alaf Khan).<ref name="Prithi_PS_History">{{cite book
| last = Singh
| first = Prithi Pal
| title = The History of Sikh Gurus
| publisher = Lotus Books
| year = 2007
| isbn = 978-81-8382-075-2
| page = 138
}}</ref>

Alif Khan first approached Raja Kirpal Chand (or Bhim Chand Katoch<ref name="AvinashDani_Tribune"/>) of [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]]. The Raja told him that Raja Bhim Chand of [[Kahlur|Bilaspur]] (Kahlur) was the most powerful king in the region; if he pays tribute, the others will follow. Raja Dayal of Bijarwal (or Bijharwal) was persuaded by Kirpal to meet Alif Khan's demands. At Raja Kirpal's suggestion, Alif Khan proceeded towards Bhim Chand's capital. He halted at [[Nadaun]] and sent his envoy to Bhim Chand of Bilaspur with his demands. However, Bhim Chand refused to pay the tribute.

Raja Bhim Chand of Bilaspur formed an alliance with the rest of the hill Rajas, and also sought the support of [[Guru Gobind Singh]]. The Guru, who was against the idea of paying tributes to the Mughals, decided to support Bhim Chand.

==Description in Bichitra Natak==
The author of ''Bichitra Natak'' states that Bhim Chand was aided by Raj Singh, Ram Singh, Sukhdev Gaji of Jasrot, and Prithi Chand of Dadhwal, among others.<ref>''[[Bichitra Natak]]''. [http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=150 Chapter 9, Chaupai 3-4] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717022334/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=150 |date=17 July 2011 }}</ref> He also states that the [[Rajput]]s of the Nanglua and Panglu tribes, and the soldiers of Jaswar and Guler, also participated in the battle.<ref>''[[Bichitra Natak]]''. [http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=152 Chapter 9, Chaupai 16] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209004531/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=152 |date=9 December 2008 }}</ref>

Initially, the forces of Kirpal Chand overpowered Bhim Chand's forces.<ref>''[[Bichitra Natak]]''. [http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=150 Chapter 9, Chaupai 4-5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717022334/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=150 |date=17 July 2011 }}</ref> Then, Bhim Chand recited [[Hanuman]] [[mantra]]s, and called all his allies, including the Guru.<ref>''[[Bichitra Natak]]''. [http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=150 Chapter 9, Chaupai 6] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717022334/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=150 |date=17 July 2011 }}</ref> As the combined forces launched an attack, the enemy forces of Raja Dayal of Bijharwal and Raja Kirpal also advanced.<ref>''[[Bichitra Natak]]''. [http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=151 Chapter 9, Chaupai 7] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717022358/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=151 |date=17 July 2011 }}</ref> In the ensuing battle, the forces of Mughals and Kirpal Chand were driven out into the river.<ref>''[[Bichitra Natak]]''. [http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=152 Chapter 9, Chaupai 19] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209004531/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=152 |date=9 December 2008 }}</ref> Alif Khan and his warriors fled away.<ref name="Bichitra_Natak_9_22">''[[Bichitra Natak]]''. [http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=152 Chapter 9, Chaupai 22] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209004531/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=152 |date=9 December 2008 }}</ref>

==Aftermath==
According to ''Bichitra Natak'', Guru Gobind Singh remained at Nadaun, on the banks of the [[Beas River|River Beas]], for eight more days, and visited the places of all the chiefs.<ref name="Bichitra_Natak_9_22"/> Later, both the parties made an agreement and peace was established.<ref>''[[Bichitra Natak]]''. [http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=153 Chapter 9, Chaupai 23] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209004536/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=153 |date=9 December 2008 }}</ref>

Later, [[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] built a [[gurdwara]] on the spot where the Guru had pitched his tent. The Gurdwara was affiliated to [[Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee]] in 1935.<ref name="AvinashDani_Tribune"/> It is known as Gurudwara Dasvin Patshahi or Gurdwara Nadaun Sahib.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110717022334/http://www.sridasam.org/dasam?Action=Page&p=150 Description of the Battle of Bhangani] in ''[[Bichitra Natak]]'' (Chapter 9).

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{{Guru Gobind Singh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Battle Of Nadaun}}
[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire|Naduan]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Sikhs|Nadaun, Battle of]]
[[Category:History of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:17th century in India]]
[[Category:17th-century conflicts]]
[[Category:1691 in India]]
[[Category:1687 in India]]

Battle of Nadaun - Revision history

imported>HMSLavender at 06:17, 6 September 2021