24.114.79.120 at 17:20, 16 August 2021

2021-08-16T17:20:43Z

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{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Toppur
| width =
| partof =
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| caption = Part of Vijayanagarian Civil Wars
| date = 1616 - 1617
| place = Toppur, present day Thogur
| coordinates = 10.83,78.85
| map_type =
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| result = Victory of Imperial [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]] forces. As a result, the Vijayanagar Empire which flourished in Tamil Nadu became disintegrated thereafter.
| status =
| combatants_header = Belligerents
| combatant1 = *[[Nayaks of Tanjore]]
*Imperial forces of [[Vijayanagara Empire]]
| combatant2 = Second faction of Vijayanagara Empire under Gobburi Jagadeva Raya
*[[Nayaks of Gingee]]
*[[Nayaks of Madurai]]
*Pandyas of Tirunelveli
*Travancore
* Portuguese<ref>{{cite book | last = SATHYANATHA AIYAR | first = R. | title = History of the Nayaks Of Madura | url =https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.183822| publisher = Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press | edition = 2nd | location = Madras | date = 1924 | page = [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.183822/page/n117 103] }}</ref>
| combatant3 =
| commander1 = [[Raghunatha Nayak]]
Supported by
*[[Venkatagiri estate|Yachama Neyakadu]]
*[[Rama Deva Raya]]
| commander2 = [[Gobburi Jagga Raya]]
*Chenaga Raya
*[[Madurai Nayaks|Muthu Virappa Nayak]] of Madurai
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}}
The '''Battle of Toppur''' was one of the largest battles in the history of [[India]].{{cn|date=April 2019}} In this battle, [[cannon]]s were used at a large scale for the first time in [[South India]].{{cn|date=July 2021}} It caused complete destruction of the already declining [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijaya Nagara Empire]]. It was a civil war fought by the claimants for the kingship of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. [[Jagga Raya]] challenged the [[Sriranga Authority]] on behalf of his nephew.

==Background==
[[King Venkatapati Raya|Venkatapati Raya]], the ruler of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] belonging to the Aravidu line died without direct heirs. So he declared his nephew [[Sriranga II]] as heir. But Venkatapati's queen Bayamma, who had adopted a [[Brahmin]] boy named [[Chenga Raya]] wanted him to succeed to the throne. Her ambition caused a civil war in the ranks of the empire. Bayamma's brother [[Gobburi Jagga Raya]] kidnapped and murdered the king and his whole family. Only his one son survived. This brutal murder caused angst in his court among other nayak commanders. The commander of Imperial army Velugoti Yachama Nayaka revolted and supported the son of Sriranga II named [[Rama Deva Raya]].

==Battle==
The location of the battle that took place is mentioned by most historians as Toppur, located on the banks of Cauvery river a mile of [[Grand Anicut]], which is present day [[Thogur]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Srinivasachari | first = C. S. | title = History of Gingee and Its Rulers | url =https://archive.org/details/historyofgingeea035396mbp | publisher = The Annamalai University | edition = 2nd | date = 1943 | page = [https://archive.org/details/historyofgingeea035396mbp/page/n146 135] }}</ref>

==Aftermath==
The battle was won by the [[Raghunatha Nayak]] faction and [[Yachama Naidu]], [[Rama Deva Raya]], son of [[Sriranga II]], who was only 13 years old and was crowned as Emperor.

It was the battle which laid the foundation of the complete disintegration of the Vijayanagar Empire, which was reviving slowly. This civil war caused severe problems to the Vijayanagara Empire.

==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite web | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930021257/http://www.thiruvarangam.com/history.html | archive-date=30 September 2007 | url=http://www.thiruvarangam.com/history.html | title=Thiruvarangam - History | first=V. N. Hari | last=Rao | work=History Of Srirangam Temple | via=thiruvarangam.com | access-date=23 August 2019 }}
* Rao, Velcheru Narayana, and David Shulman, Sanjay Subrahmanyam. ''Symbols of substance : court and state in Nayaka period Tamilnadu'' (Delhi ; Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1998) ; xix, 349 p., [16] p. of plates : ill., maps ; 22 cm. ; Oxford India paperbacks ; Includes bibliographical references and index ; {{ISBN|0-19-564399-2}}.
* Sathianathaier, R. ''History of the Nayaks of Madura'' [microform] by R. Sathyanatha Aiyar ; edited for the University, with introduction and notes by S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar ([Madras] : Oxford University Press, 1924) ; see also ([London] : H. Milford, Oxford university press, 1924) ; xvi, 403 p. ; 21 cm. ; SAMP early 20th-century Indian books project item 10819.
*K.A. Nilakanta Sastry, History of South India, From Prehistoric times to fall of Vijayanagar, 1955, OUP, (Reprinted 2002) {{ISBN|0-19-560686-8}}.

[[Category:History of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:History of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:History of Karnataka]]
[[Category:1616 in India]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Vijayanagara Empire]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1616]]

Battle of Toppur - Revision history

24.114.79.120 at 17:20, 16 August 2021