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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{More citations needed| date= June 2012}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Bekhud Badayuni
| pseudonym = Bekhud Badayuni
| birth_name = Muhammad Abdul-Hayy Siddiqui
| birth_date = {{birth date|1857|9|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Badayun]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[Company rule in India|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1912|11|10|1857|9|17|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Badayun]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| occupation = [[Poet]], [[lawyer]]
| period = Post-[[Mughal Empire|Mughal]]-era
| genre = [[Ghazal]], [[Hamd]], [[Na`at]], [[Ruba'i]]
| subject = [[Love]], [[philosophy]], [[mysticism]], [[Islam]]
}}
'''Muhammad Abdul-Hayy Siddiqui''' (1857–1912), writing under the [[pen-name]] '''Bekhud Badayuni''', was one of the leading [[Urdu]] poets of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in India. It is customary for Urdu poets to assume a pen-name (''[[takhallus]]'') that can be employed as a pun in the final couplet of every [[ghazal]], often combined with a second name that denotes the poet's place of origin. In this case, "Bekhud", the pen-name means ''beside oneself (with joy or grief), out of one's mind; in ecstasy, transported, enraptured, intoxicated; senseless, delirious'',<ref>{{Citation | last =Platts | first =John T. | year =1884 | title =A Dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English | place =London | publisher =W.H. Allen & Co. | url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/platts/
}}{{failed verification|date=February 2022}}</ref> commonly used in the context of spiritual ecstasy, and is paired with "Badayuni", which indicates ties to the city of [[Badayun]].

==History==
Bekhud Badayuni's most recent biographer was Asad Ahmad of [[Aligarh Muslim University]]'s Urdu Department, who drew upon the work of prior biographers, including [[Hasrat Mohani]].

Bekhud Badayuni was born on 17 September 1857 into Badayun's prominent [[Siddiqui]] family, known for its leadership in the areas of Islamic scholarship, mysticism (tasawwuf or "[[Sufism]]"), and literary pursuits. He was a descendant of the first [[Caliph]], [[Abu Bakr]]; an intermediate ancestor, Hameeduddin Mukhlis, immigrated to [[Delhi]] from [[Iran]] in the late 13th century during the reign of Sultan [[Ghiyasuddin Balban]], and was the brother of [[Shaikh Saadi]] Shirazi, one of the seminal and most-quoted poets of Persian literature. Balban appointed Hameeduddin ''[[qadi]]-ul-quddat'' (literally "judge-of-judges", or Chief Justice) and granted him an extensive landholding in Badayun, at the time one of the key cities of the [[Delhi Sultanate]]. It is also reported that Hameeduddin presented Saadi's two major works, Golistan and Bostan, as a gift to Prince Muhammad Shaheed (Balban's favorite son, and patron - along with Balban - of the great poet, musician, and mystic [[Amir Khusro]]).<ref>
{{Citation
| last =Ahmad
| first =Asad
| year =1990
| title =Intikhaab-e-Kalaam: Bekhud Badayuni (انتخاب کلام بے خود بدایونی)
| pages =88
| place =Lucknow
| publisher =Uttar Pradesh Urdu Press
}}
</ref>

==Life==
Bekhud trained and qualified as a lawyer, and spent time practicing law in [[Muradabad]] and [[Shahjahanpur]]. Tiring of the practice of law, he eventually entered into government service, serving as a high official first in the princely state of [[Sirohi]] (in [[Rajasthan]]), then in the princely state of [[Jodhpur]], where he spent the remainder of his days. He died in 1912 in Badayun.

==Influences==
Bekhud initially entered the tutelage of Maulana [[Altaf Hussain Hali]], [[Ghalib]]'s most renowned protégé; it was under Hali's guidance that Bekhud chose his pen-name. Around 1879, concurrent with the publication of Hali's ''[[Musaddas-e-Hali]]'' (considered the beginning of the modern age of Urdu poetry) and Hali's shift in focus away from traditional forms and subjects of poetry, Bekhud left Hali and became the disciple of Nawab Mirza Khan [[Daagh]] Dehlvi, the last of the great poets of the erstwhile Mughal court. Upon Daagh's death, many of his numerous disciples clamored for the honor of being his ''jaa-nasheen'' (successor to his title and reputation as the greatest living Urdu poet); in his own memoirs, Bekhud reproaches many of Daagh's disciples for the manner in which they squabbled, and himself chose to remain aloof from the debate.<ref>
{{Citation
| last =Ahmad
| first =Asad
| year =1995
| title =Bekhud Badayuni: Hayaat aur Adabi Khidmaat (بےخود بدایونی حيات اور ادبی خدمات)
| pages =176
| place =Aligarh
| publisher =Baba Book Printers
}}
</ref> Despite Bekhud's own reticence, Dr. Asad Ahmad quotes a well-known anecdote relating that Daagh, when asked to name his ''jaa-nasheen'', replied, "Bekhud-ain [the two Bekhuds]", referring to Bekhud Badayuni and Bekhud Dehlvi (a fellow student of Daagh).<ref>
{{harvnb
|Ahmad
|1990
}}
</ref>

==Poetry==
Much of Bekhud's poetry has fallen out of contemporary discourse, for a variety of reasons.{{Citation needed|date= June 2012}} In part, this circumstance is due to Bekhud's own reticence and limited publication of his works. He did not publish his collection of poetry ([[diwan (poetry)|diwan]]) until 1910 (two years before his death) despite having compiled the bulk of it as early as fifteen years prior.{{Citation needed|date= June 2012}} Biographers and critics have speculated that even this late publication of Bekhud's work occurred primarily to combat the plagiarism and misappropriation of his poetic works by other poets (since, short of publication, oral transmission is the primary medium for Urdu poetry).<ref>
{{harvnb
|Ahmad
|1995
}}
</ref> Bekhud's residence in Jodhpur, isolated from the main centers of Urdu literature in Delhi and Lucknow, also limited the circulation of his work and provided the opportunity for some of Bekhud's contemporaries in the centers of literature to pass his work off as their own. For this reason, much of his work has grown unfamiliar to the current generation of Urdu speakers, despite having been integral to any serious poet's or critic's study of Urdu poetry until late into the 20th century. At the same time, several of his works have been mis-attributed to Bekhud Dehlvi or other poets of his time.{{fact|date=April 2019}}

==Published works==
''Hosh-o-Khirad ki Dukaan'' (The Shop of Sense and Wisdom) (1889) ('''هوش و خرد کی دکان''')

''Sabr-o-Shakeeb ki Loot'' (The Plundering of Patience and Forbearance) (1889) ('''صبر و شکيب کی لوٿ''')

''Marraat-ul-Khayaal'' (The Mirror of Thoughts) (1910) ('''مراﺓ الخيال''')

''Afsaanah-e-Bekhud'' (The Tale of Bekhud) (date unknown) ('''افسانه بےخود''')

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
*[[Urdu poetry]]
*[[List of Urdu language poets]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Badayuni, Bekhud}}
[[Category:Urdu-language poets from India]]
[[Category:1912 deaths]]
[[Category:1857 births]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:People from Budaun]]
[[Category:People from Sirohi district]]
[[Category:People from Jodhpur]]
[[Category:Urdu-language writers from British India]]

Bekhud Badayuni - Revision history

UpdateBot at 09:15, 12 May 2022