KelseyMarsden6 at 17:29, 7 February 2026

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{{short description|Indian agricultural scientist (1906–1989)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name =
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| image = Benjamin Peary Pal 2008 stamp of India.jpg
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| birth_date = {{birth date |1906|05|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mukandpur]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age |1989|09|14|1906|05|26|df=y}}
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| fields = [[Plant breeding]]
| workplaces = [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]]
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| education =
| alma_mater = {{Plainlist|
* [[Rangoon University]] (BSc, MSc)
* [[University of Cambridge]] (PhD)}}
| thesis_title = 
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| doctoral_advisor = [[Rowland Biffen]], [[Frank Engledow]]
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| awards = {{Plainlist|
* [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal|last1=Swaminathan|first1=M. S.|year=1996|title=Benjamin Peary Pal 26 May 1906 – 14 September 1989|journal=[[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]]|volume=42|pages=266–274|doi=10.1098/rsbm.1996.0017|doi-access=free|author-link1=M. S. Swaminathan}}</ref>
* [[Padma Vibhushan]] (1987)}}
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}}
'''Benjamin Peary Pal''' or '''B. P. Pal''' [[Royal Society|FRS]] (26 May 1906 – 14 September 1989) was an Indian plant breeder and agronomist who served as a director of the [[Indian Agricultural Research Institute]] in Delhi and as the first Director General of the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]]. He worked on wheat genetics and breeding but was also known for his interest in rose varieties.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/insa/ch21.pdf | title=Agriculture | publisher=.iisc.ernet.in | access-date=30 August 2015 | archive-date=27 January 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127114450/http://www.iisc.ernet.in/insa/ch21.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Biography==
Pal was born in Mukandpur, the youngest child of Dr Rala Ram and Inder Devi. The family came from [[Jalandhar]] but his father moved to Burma as a medical officer. He was born ''' Brahma Das Pal''' but changed his name to Benjamin Peary Pal while at St Michael's School in [[Pyin Oo Lwin|Maymyo]] in 1914. A rose garden at the school may have inspired his early interest in them. He completed his [[Bachelor of Science]] in [[biology]] and [[Master of Science]] degrees at [[Rangoon University]] in [[botany]], with a study on Burmese Charophyta for his master's. He then went for his doctoral studies at the [[University of Cambridge]] in [[biology]] under [[Rowland Biffen]] and later [[Frank Engledow]], studying hybrid vigour in wheat.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.insaindia.org/deceaseddetail.php?id=N460536 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035132/http://www.insaindia.org/deceaseddetail.php?id=N460536 | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 September 2015 | title=Dr Benjamin Peary Pal | publisher=[[Indian National Science Academy]] | access-date=30 August 2015 }}</ref> He then worked as a rice research officer in Burma in 1932 and then moved to Pusa in Bihar as a second economic botanist. He became an Imperial Economic Botanist at the Imperial Agricultural Research Institute in 1937. In 1936, the institute moved to New Delhi following an earthquake. He moved there and became the director of the institute in September 1950. In 1954, after 18 years of research, he developed the 'NP 809' wheat. This variety of wheat could combat all three types of rust (a crop disease). He became the first director-general of the newly reorganized [[Indian Council for Agricultural Research]] in 1965 and worked there until his retirement in 1972. Pal worked on rust resistance in wheat and helped release several varieties.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Swaminathan|first=M. S.|date=1996|title=Benjamin Peary Pal. 26 May 1906-14 September 1989|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/770209|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume=42|pages=267–274|doi=10.1098/rsbm.1996.0017 |doi-access=free|jstor=770209 |issn=0080-4606|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

Pal founded the Rose and Bougainvillea Societies of India, the Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding while also serving as the editor of its journal.

==Awards and honours==
He was elected a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1972|Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1972]]. He was a bachelor and donated his property to the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]].

* Awarded the [[Padma Shri]] in 1959,
* Awarded [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1968<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf|title=Padma Awards|date=2015|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf|archive-date=15 October 2015|access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref>
A rose garden from the library at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute is named in his honour.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N46-0536 INSA biography]

{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1960–69}}
{{Authority control}}

{{1900s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pal, Benjamin Peary}}
[[Category:1906 births]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Indian agronomists]]
[[Category:University of Yangon alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Fellows of The World Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:20th-century agronomists]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]
[[Category:Om Prakash Bhasin Award recipients]]
[[Category:Indian fellows of the Royal Society]]

Benjamin Peary Pal - Revision history

KelseyMarsden6 at 17:29, 7 February 2026