SamiraKeister30 at 19:02, 29 September 2025

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{{Short description|12th-century Indian poet and mystic}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[Bhagat]]
| name = Sadhana
| image = Painting of Bhagat Sadhana, from a folio within an illustrated manuscript of the Prem Ambodh Pothi.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Painting of Bhagat Sadhana, from a folio within an illustrated manuscript of the ''Prem Ambodh Pothi''
| birth_date = 1180
| birth_place = [[Sehwan Sharif]], [[Soomra dynasty]]<ref name=SacredWritingsOfSikhs>Page 235, Selections from the Sacred Writings of the Sikhs- By K. Singh, Trilochan Singh</ref><ref name=TaraNarotam>Fareedkoti Teeka, Pundit Tara Singh Narotam</ref><ref name=Mahankosh>Mahankosh, Kahn Singh Nabha</ref> <br> {{small|(present-day [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]], [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]])}}
| occupation = Butcher
| death_date = Unknown
| death_place = [[Sirhind]], [[Punjab]], [[Delhi Sultanate]] <br> {{small|(present-day [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]])}}
| known_for = 1 verse in Guru Granth Sahib.
}}
{{Sikhism sidebar}}

'''Bhagat Sadhna''', also called '''Sadhna Qasai''',<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Vinod |date=9 June 2019 |title=The soon-to-be lost heritage of Fategarh Sahib |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/the-soon-to-be-lost-heritage/articleshow/69708323.cms |access-date=16 March 2025 |work=Times of India |quote=Just a kilometre away, near the level crossing, is the mosque of Sadhana Kasai, a renowned Muslim poet, which is in similar state of neglect. Just to put his importance in perspective: One of the hymns of Sadhana Kasai, also known as Bhagat Sadhna, has been incorporated in the holy Guru Granth Sahib.}}</ref> was a north Indian<ref name="SacredWritingsOfSikhs"/><ref name="TaraNarotam"/><ref name="Mahankosh"/> poet, saint, mystic and one of the devotees whose hymn was incorporated in [[Guru Granth Sahib]]. Venerated in the region of [[Punjab]], among [[Sikhs]] and [[Ravidassia|Ravidassias]],<ref name=Ravidasji>[http://www.gururavidassguruji.com/ Ravidasia Website]</ref> his devotional hymn is widely quoted by most preachers. His one hymn is present in Adi Granth Sahib, in [[Bilaval|Raga Bilaval]].<ref name=Page858Sadhna>[http://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.gurbani?Action=Page&Param=858&g=1&h=0&r=0&t=0&p=0&k=0&fb=0 Page 858, Adi Granth]</ref>''<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Amaresh |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo, Volume 1 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |year=1987 |isbn=9788126018031 |pages=79 |quote=}}</ref>''

The followers of Bhagat Sadhna are called Sadhna Panthis.<ref name=HAROSE>A glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and North-West, HA ROSE</ref> His only memorial is a mosque at [[Sirhind]], where he died.<ref name=":0" />

==Life history==

===Early life===
Sadhna was born in 1180 AD in [[Sehwan Sharif]] in [[Hyderabad, Sindh]], [[Soomra dynasty|Soomra kingdom]] in a Muslim family.<ref name="SacredWritingsOfSikhs"/><ref name="TaraNarotam"/><ref name="Mahankosh"/>''<ref name=":6" />'' As his ancestors were butchers by profession, he continued the family profession of slaughtering goats ([[Dhabihah]]) and selling meat. It is said that there were shady trees and drinking water facility available near his shop. Due to this, in addition to customers, travelers, saints, and even rogues used to take rest on passing. Sadhna was very interested in spirituality from his adolescence and as a result, he used to have spiritual discussions with such saints who stopped near his shop.<ref name="JoginderDhami">[http://www.singhsabhacanada.com/?p=13364 Dr Joginder Singh Dhami's article on Bhagat Sadhna]</ref>

===Shaligram desecration===
Sadhna got ''[[Sila (murti)|shaligram shilas]]'' and used them as weights in his profession. Sadhna annoyed [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnav]] [[sadhu]]s and [[Pandit|pandits]] with this act.<ref name="SacredWritingsOfSikhs"/> On one side, he was of lower profession and caste, and on the other, he was belittling their idol worship by using idol in the flesh of animals, which is considered as sin by the Pundits. Those religious scholars always argued and debated with him, in which Sadhna always outwitted them.
[[File:Detail of Bhagat Sadhana from a mural at Gurdwara Baba Atal in Amritsar.jpg|thumb|Detail of Bhagat Sadhana from a mural at [[Gurdwara Baba Atal]] in [[Amritsar]], circa 19th century]]
It is recorded that one of vaishnav saint took shaligram stones with him. Sadhna had no issues with this and did not object. Vaishnav saint continued worshipping shaligram but got no internal pleasure and wisdom, as he had seen in state, behavior and thoughts of Sadhna. With dashing hopes he returned Shaligram Stones, the weights of Sadhna back.<ref name=DharmpalSingal>Bhagat Sadhna Ji, Dr Dharampal Singhal</ref> Sadhna preached that "Shaligrams Stones" are not god as these are lifeless stones, and can not give any wisdom to a living being. His spiritual quest led him to renounce the life of a householder. He left Sehvan and roamed about the country preaching the love of God.

===Dispute with a man's lusty wife===
This historical account is from the time when Sadhna was young and good looking with a strong body. During his travels in North India, his looks pleased a young married lady, who wanted to have [[Sexual intercourse|sex]] with him. When she asked Sadhna, he replied that he could not have sexual relation with anyone out of his marriage. She thought Sadhna might be fearing her husband. Without understanding Sadhna thoughts, she killed her husband. Came back to Sadhna and told what she did. Sadhna got shocked and left the area after sermonizing her. The lady felt ashamed, she burnt herself on [[Sati (practice)|husband's funeral pyre]], so that people continued thinking her to be Sati-Savitri.<ref name=sketchofmaharajas>History of the sect of Mahĝrĝjas: or Vallabhĝchĝryas, in western India By Karsandás Múljí, Ralph T. H. (Ralph)</ref><ref name=sketchofsects>Sketch on the religious sects of the Hindus: Volume 1 - Page 181 Horace Hayman Wilson, [[Reinhold Rost]] - 1861)</ref> As per historical resources, Sadhna uttered that ''No one knows the ways of women, she kills her husband and became a sati'', which then became popular as proverb and used by many poets and writers later on.<ref name=asiatick>Asiatick researches, or, Transactions of the society instituted ..., Volume 16, By Asiatick Society (1828, Calcutta, India)</ref><ref name=sketchofsects/><ref name=sketchofmaharajas/>

According to few authors, he went to [[Punjab]] after this incident.<ref name="SacredWritingsOfSikhs"/>

Another view existed that the man's wife complained to local administration that Sadhna raped her. Sadhna was arrested and the magistrate sentenced Bhagat Sadhna to have his hands cut off. After the punishment was carried out, Bhagat Sadhna was discharged. He set out without a frown on his forehead notwithstanding his barbarous mutilation. Bhagat Sadhna's devotions proved so successful that The Divine blessed him with new hands which sprouted from his body.<ref name=Bhagatmal>Bhagatmal</ref><ref name=Bhagatmaldarshan>Bhagat Darshan</ref>

===Death===
[[File:Mosque of Bhagat Sadhna at Sirhind.jpg|thumb|Mosque of Sadhna Qasai, [[Sirhind]]<ref name=":0" />]]
It is believed that Bhagat Sadhna preached in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]] and Punjab areas.<ref name="JoginderDhami"/> Bhagat Sadhana spent his last day of life at [[Sirhind]] preaching his philosophy. At [[Sirhind]], he died, where a mosque was built in his memory and preserved by the [[Government of Punjab, India|Government of Punjab]].<ref>[http://www.lowlands-l.net/anniversary/panjabi-info.php Sadhna Qasai Mosque at Punjab]</ref> The paintings in the mosque represent the 'T' art form. The mosque is made up of Sirhindi bricks and is situated in the northwestern part of town Sirhind near Level Crossing, district [[Fatehgarh Sahib]], Punjab.<ref>[http://www.allaboutindia.net/punjab/mosque-of-sadhana-kasai AllaboutIndia.com] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407083511/http://www.allaboutindia.net/punjab/mosque-of-sadhana-kasai |date=April 7, 2014 }}</ref>
{{Ravidasi}}

==Among Ravidasis==

Ravidasis acknowledge Satgur Sadhna and preach his teaching and thought, as Guru [[Ravidas]] in his devotional hymn acknowledge and admire Satgur Sadhna as great devotee among [[Kabir]], [[Bhagat Sain|Sain]], [[Namdev]]:
Initially the [[Ravidassia]] revered the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] of the Sikhs, which was the only repository of Ravidass' devotional poetry.<ref name="Parsons1993">{{cite book|author=Gerald Parsons|title=The Growth of Religious Diversity: Traditions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tlKkZoNPi0oC&pg=PA227|access-date=10 April 2012|year=1993|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-08326-3|pages=227–}}</ref> However, following their schism from mainstream Sikhs, the Ravidassi compiled their own holy book of Ravidass' teachings, the [[Amritbani Guru Ravidass Ji]], and many Ravidassia temples now use this book in place of the Guru Granth Sahib. But they have not inserted Bhagat Sadhna Vani in it. But [[Dera Sach Khand|Dera Sach Khand Ballan]] of [[Jallandhar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] on 30 January 2010 at the 633rd birth anniversary of Ravidass announced the objectives of Ravidassia religion as to propagate the bani and teachings of Ravidas, [[Valmiki|Balmiki]], Namdev, Kabir, [[Bhagat Trilochan|Trilochan]], Sain and Sadhna.<ref name="Ravidasji"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{Writers of Guru Granth Sahib}}
{{Sikhism}}

[[Category:Sikh Bhagats]]
[[Category:Vaishnava saints]]

Bhagat Sadhana - Revision history

SamiraKeister30 at 19:02, 29 September 2025