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{{Short description|Indian nationalist and prominent leader of the Ghadar Party and Hindu Mahasabha}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Bhai Parmanand
| image = Bhai Parmanand 1979 stamp of India.jpg
| caption = Bhai Parmanand on a 1979 stamp of India
| birth_date = 4 November 1876
| birth_place = Karyala, [[Jhelum District]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], [[British India]]<br>{{small|(present-day [[Punjab, Pakistan]])}}
| death_date = 8 December 1947
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| death_cause =
| occupation = [[Revolutionary]] • [[Freedom Fighter]]
| organization = [[Ghadar Party]]
| known_for = • Founding member of [[Ghadar Party]]<br />• [[Ghadar Conspiracy]]
| movement = [[Indian Independence Movement]] • [[Ghadar Movement]]
| notable_works = ''Tarikh-i-Hind''
| monuments = [[Bhai Parmanand Institute of Business Studies]]
| children = [[Bhai Mahavir]]
| other_names =
| website =
}}
'''Bhai Parmanand''' (4 November 1876 – 8 December 1947) was an [[indian nationalism|Indian nationalist]] and a prominent leader of the [[Ghadar Party]] and [[Hindu Mahasabha]].

==Early life==
Parmanand was born on 4 November 1876 in [[Karyala]] ([[Punjab, Pakistan]]) to Bhai Tara Chand Chibber in a prominent Punjabi [[Mohyal Brahmin]] family and his father was an active religious missionary within the [[Arya Samaj]] movement.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Eminent Freedom Fighters of Punjab |last=Singh |first=Fauja |publisher=Punjabi University, Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies |year=1972}}</ref>

==Views on partition==
While reading letters of Lala Lajpat Rai to him in 1909, he had jotted an idea that 'the territory beyond [[Sindh]] could be united with North-West Frontier Province into a great [[Musulman]] Kingdom. The [[Hindu]]s of the region should come away, while at the same time the [[Muslim|Musulmans]] in the rest of the country should go and settle in this territory'.<ref>{{cite book|author=Parmanand, Bhai |title=The Story of my Life|url=https://archive.org/details/bhai.parmanand.story.of.my.life|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bhai.parmanand.story.of.my.life/page/n73 41]–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Jaffrelot, Christophe |title=Hindu Nationalism: A Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mOXWgr53A5kC&pg=PA193|date= 2009|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-2803-6|pages=193–}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/4819117|title=Hindus- Muslims in 1857 & Emergence of 2 Nation Theory|access-date=19 May 2007|publisher=Shamsul Islam|last1=Islam |first1=Shamsul }}</ref>

==Overseas missions==

In October 1905, Parmanand visited South Africa and stayed with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] as a [[Vedas|Vedic]] missionary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hindustan.net/discus/messages/59/7813.html?940177813|title=Pakistan : Past Future Solutions Policy: 1|publisher=Hindustan Network|access-date=5 August 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927033550/http://hindustan.net/discus/messages/59/7813.html?940177813|archive-date=27 September 2007}}</ref> Parmanand visited [[Guyana]] in 1910 which was the centre of the Arya Samaj movement in the [[Caribbean]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/hinduismhere/Lal-article.html|title=Arya Spiritual Center|last=Lal|first=Prita|date=1 May 2005|publisher=Hinduism Here|access-date=30 August 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060214081924/http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/hinduismhere/Lal-article.html|archive-date=14 February 2006}}</ref> His lectures increased their following there. In 1911, he visited [[Lala Hardayal]] when he was on retreat in [[Martinique]]. Parmanand persuaded Hardayal to go to the United States to found a centre for the propagation of the ancient culture of the [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Aryan people]]. Hardayal left for America, but soon located himself in Hawaii, where he again went on retreat on [[Waikiki Beach]]. A letter from Parmanand prompted his departure for San Francisco where he became an activist in the [[Anarchism|anarchist movement]].

Parmanand toured several [[British Empire|British]] colonies in South America before re-joining Hardayal in San Francisco. He was a founder member of the [[Ghadar Party]]. He accompanied Hardayal on a speaking tour to [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] in 1914 and wrote a book for the Ghadar Party called ''Tarikh-I-Hind''. He returned to India as part of the [[Ghadar Conspiracy]] claiming he was accompanied by 5,000 [[Ghadar Party|Ghadarites]]. He was part of the leadership of the revolt, and was sent to promote the revolt in [[Peshawar]]. He was arrested in connection with the [[First Lahore Conspiracy Case]] and was sentenced to death in 1915. The sentence was later commuted to one of transportation for life: he was imprisoned in the [[Andaman Islands]] until 1920 and subjected to hard labour. In protest against such harsh treatment of political prisoners, Bhai Parmanand went on hunger strike for two months. The King-Emperor, [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]], released him in 1920 as the result of a general amnesty order.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/historical-events/historical-sikh-events-history-of-the-ghadar-movement-part-32.html |title=Historical Sikh Events: History of the Ghadar Movement part 3 – Return to India |last=Singh |first=Jaspal |publisher=All About Sikhs |access-date=5 August 2008}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

==Death==
Parmanand died on 8 December 1947 of a heart attack. He was survived by his son Dr. [[Bhai Mahavir]], a prominent member of the [[Jana Sangh]] and BJP.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}

==Legacy==
Named after him are the [[Bhai Parmanand Institute of Business Studies]] in New Delhi,<ref>[http://examcrazy.com/colleges/india/delhi/BHAI-PARMANAND-INSTITUTE-OF-BUSINESS.ASP Bhai Parmanand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215223203/http://examcrazy.com/colleges/india/delhi/BHAI-PARMANAND-INSTITUTE-OF-BUSINESS.ASP |date=15 December 2018 }}. Institute of Business Studies</ref> a Public School in East Delhi and a hospital also in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhai Parmanand Vidya Mandir|url=http://www.bvmschool.in/ProgramFiles/Login/HomePageNew.aspx|access-date=2021-03-30|website=www.bvmschool.in|archive-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419131816/http://bvmschool.in/ProgramFiles/Login/HomePageNew.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Books ==

* Mera Antim Ashraya<ref>{{Cite book |last=Parmanand |first=Bhai |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxrjYTr6zt0C&pg=PA5 |title=Mera Antim Ashraya : Srimadbhagwadgita: Bestseller Book by Bhai Parmanand: Mera Antim Ashraya : Srimadbhagwadgita |date=2009-01-01 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7315-380-8 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhai Permanand |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.478339 |title=Mera Antim Asharya Srimadbhagvat Geeta |date=2003}}</ref>
* The Story of My Life<ref>{{Cite book |last=Parmanand |first=Bhai |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9CHMoCHJl98C&q=bhai+parmanand+books |title=The Story of My Life: Bestseller Book by Bhai Parmanand: The Story of My Life |date=2003-01-01 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |isbn=978-81-87100-38-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Books by Bhai Parmanand - Prabhat Prakashan |url=https://www.prabhatbooks.com/author/bhai-parmanand.htm |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=www.prabhatbooks.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Parmanand |first=Bhai |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.238019 |title=The Story Of My Life (1934) |date=1934 |publisher=The Central Hindu Yuvak Sabha, Lahore}}</ref>
* Kāle pānī kī kārāvāsa kahānī āpabītī<ref>{{Cite book |last=Parmanand |first=Bhai |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HpYaSxQYXXIC&q=bhai+parmanand+books |title=Kale Pani Ki Karawas Kahani : Aapbeeti: Bestseller Book by Bhai Parmanand: Kale Pani Ki Karawas Kahani : Aapbeeti |date=2002-01-01 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7315-381-5 |language=hi}}</ref>
* Jeevan Rahasya<ref>{{Cite book |last=Parmanand |first=Bhai |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YoR_lJSRp6EC |title=Jivana rahasya: Bestseller Book by Bhai Parmanand: Jivana rahasya |date=2008-01-01 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |isbn=978-81-88139-99-6 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhai Parmanand |url=http://archive.org/details/bhai-parmanand |title=हिन्दू जीवन का रहस्य (Bhai Parmanand) |date=1985}}</ref>
* Veer Vairagi<ref>{{Cite book |last=Parmanand |first=Bhai |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y3T5gOpzTooC |title=Veer Vairagi: Bestseller Book by Bhai Parmanand: Veer Vairagi |date=2002-01-01 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7315-382-2 |language=hi}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[Arya Samaj]]is
* [[Hindu reform movements|Hindu reformists]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*''The Story of My Life'' by Bhai Parmanand, translated by N. Sundra Iyer and Lal Chand, The Central Hindu Yuvak Sabha, Lahore, 1934

{{Hindu-German Conspiracy}}
{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Parmanand, Bhai}}
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1947 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Arya Samajis]]
[[Category:Ghadar Party]]
[[Category:Members of the Central Legislative Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners sentenced to death]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]

Bhai Parmanand - Revision history

Simonaa at 06:00, 6 February 2026