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[[File:Indian-dancer-nataraja.png|thumb|A female dancer doing the ''Natraja'' pose]]

'''Bharata Natyam''' or '''bharatanatyam''',<ref>In [[Tamil language|Tamil]], ''Bha'' means [[wikt:expression|expression]], ''Ra'' means music, ''Ta'' means [[wikt:rhythm|rhythm]] and ''natyam'' means dance.</ref> is an Indian [[wikt:classical|classical]] dance.<ref>Indian Mirror, [http://www.indianmirror.com/dance/bharatanatyam.html "Bharatanatyam"]; retrieved 2012-7-15.</ref>

Both male and female dancers perform this dance.<ref>[http://onlinebharatanatyam.com/2007/06/bharatanatyam-history/ Bharatanatyam History | Online Bharatanatyam]</ref> The classical Indian story-dance can be used to express a complex range of emotions which respond to the actions of the male heroes.<ref>Shah, Surabhi ''et al.'' [http://www.harvardartmuseums.org/calendar/detail.dot?id=31450 "Stories from the Ramayana: The Epic Tradition,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907165145/http://www.harvardartmuseums.org/calendar/detail.dot?id=31450 |date=2011-09-07 }} Harvard Art Museums, November 10, 2010; retrieved 2012-7-15.</ref>

This classical Indian dance [[wikt:attract|attracts]] interest and study in India and other parts of the world,<ref name="Leslie1992">{{cite book|author=Julia Leslie|title=Roles And Rituals For Hindu Women|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sKDm8EH2L3kC&pg=PA149|accessdate=15 July 2012|year=1992|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|isbn=978-81-208-1036-5|pages=149–}}</ref> including China<ref>[http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/09/stories/2007080957982200.htm The Hindu : International / India & World: Bharatnatyam gaining popularity in China]</ref> Europe and North America.

==History==
''Bharata Natyam'' comes from the state of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name=International2000>{{cite book | last = International Tamil Language Foundation|title = The Handbook of Tamil Culture and Heritiage| year = 2000| publisher = International Tamil Language Foundation| location = Chicago| page = 1201}}</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9079037/bharata-natya bharata-natya - Britannica Online Encyclopedia]</ref>

The dance’s origins are recorded in Tamil literary texts of the sixth century BC. It was [[wikt:revive|revived]] in the late 18th century and again in the early 20th century.<ref>[http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/archive/londonsvoices/colourcontacts/colourcontacts4.htm "Colour Contacts, The Dance Form"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802134538/http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/archive/londonsvoices/colourcontacts/colourContacts4.htm |date=2012-08-02 }} Museum of London; retrieved 2012-7-15.</ref>

== Etymology & History ==
[[File:Bharatanatyam is a major form of Indian classical dance that originated in the state of Tamil Nadu.jpg|thumb|Bharatanatyam is an Indian classical dance originated in Tamil Nadu.]]
(The etymology in #1 below for "Bharata" is spurious. It only makes sense with the English spelling/pronunciation of "Bha", "Ra", and "Ta", which would be "Bhā-rā-tā. The actual pronunciation is Bhə-rə-tə which does not make for a good story).

The name was invented in the twentieth century by the great dancer Rukmini Devi and others. It is supposed to indicate that this style was the original style described in a book on Natya by the sage Bharata, i.e. "Bharata's Dance". The text describes poses but in the absence of illustration, the exact poses had to be re-imagined—the quality of this re-imagination is a tribute to the intellectual and aesthetic abilities of Rukmini Devi and her teachers, but there is no other link between Bharatanatyam now and the dances described in ancient Tamil texts.

The re-imagined dance form was largely based on ''Sadir-attam,'' the dances performed by temple ''devavdasis,'' whose status had fallen over many centuries and under British non-comprehension of its cultural roots. Sadir-attam itself was the name given to the dance during its eighteenth century revival under the sponsorship of Raja Serfoji of Tanjore.

The knowledge of the ancient dance was maintained by the caste of devadasis, but as an oral and terpsichorean tradition, without writing. As such, documentation of the historic relationship between those dances and contemporary Bharatanatyam is scant.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Other websites==
* [http://www.iaac.us/IAAC_dance_fest2012/concerts.htm Indo-American Arts Council] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123111738/http://www.iaac.us/IAAC_dance_fest2012/concerts.htm |date=2015-01-23 }}
* Johns Hopkins, [http://blogs.library.jhu.edu/wordpress/2011/07/bharatanatyam-and-mohiniyattam-classical-dances-of-south-india/ Bharatanatyam and Mohiniyattam – Classical Dances of South India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727022310/http://blogs.library.jhu.edu/wordpress/2011/07/bharatanatyam-and-mohiniyattam-classical-dances-of-south-india/ |date=2012-07-27 }}

[[Category:Dance in India]]
[[Category:Tamil culture]]

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Bharata Natyam - Revision history

WikiDwarfBOT at 14:01, 30 April 2021