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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[File:Wayang Painting of Bharatayudha Battle.jpg|thumb|360px|''[[Wayang]]'' glass painting depiction of ''[[Kakawin Bhāratayuddha|Bhāratayuddha]]'' battle]]<br />
{{Indonesian mythology and folklore}}<br />
'''Bharatayuddha''' ({{lang-sa|भारतयुद्ध;}}, {{IAST|Bhāratayuddha}}) or '''Bharat Yudha''' (or similar) is a term used in [[Indonesia]] for the [[Kurukshetra War]], and to describe the Javanese translation and interpretation of the ''[[Mahabharata]]''. The ''Mahabharata'' was translated into (old) [[Javanese language|Javanese]] under the reign of king [[Dharmawangsa]] of Medang (r. 990-1006).<ref>Helen Creese, ''Women of the Kakawin World: Marriage and Sexuality in the Indic Courts of Java and Bali'', 2004, Eastgate, [[Armonk, New York]], p. 253</ref> The current poem was started by Sedah in 1157, and finished by mpu Panuluh. Mpu Panuluh also wrote the [[Kakawin Hariwangsa]].<ref name=indianized>{{Cite book<br />
| last = Cœdès<br />
| first = George<br />
| authorlink = Georges Coedès<br />
| title = The Indianized states of Southeast Asia<br />
| publisher = University of Hawaii Press<br />
| year = 1968<br />
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iDyJBFTdiwoC<br />
| isbn =9780824803681 }}</ref>{{rp|168}}<br />
<br />
According to the [[Javanese people|Javanese]] tradition, the war between descendants of emperor [[Bharata (Mahabharata)|Bharata]] was already destined by the [[God in Hinduism|gods]] long before the [[Pandavas]] and [[Kauravas]] were born. The tradition also maintained that the [[Kurukshetra]] battlefield is not located in the present-day [[Haryana]] state of [[India]], but rather in [[Dieng Plateau]], [[Central Java]]. Therefore, the Javanese considered the ''Mahabharata'' epic happened in [[Java]] and not in India.<br />
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==Overview==<br />
In indonesian version the Kings and Queens were the descendant of Gods. The story begins at [[Batara Guru]], who became the first king of the kingdom of 'Medang Kamulang'. It is often portrayed through the form of Javanese [[Wayang]]. A characteristic feature of the Indonesian ''Mahabharata'' is that it gives more autonomy to other characters apart from the main characters - Krishna, Arjuna, Bhisma, Duryodhana. In the Indonesian version of ''Mahabharata'' more is said about the character of Shalya etc.<br />
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The main characters and places are:<br />
# Bisma ([[Bhishma]] - as in Indian Version) Who is the great grandfather of the Pandawas and Kurawas.<br />
# King Pandu Dewanata ([[Pandu]] - In Indian Version) Father of the five Pandawas.<br />
# Destarata ([[Dhritrashtra]] - In Indian Version) Eldest brother of King Pandu Dewanata who is blind and fathers 100 Kurawa brothers.<br />
# Dewi Kunti ([[Kunti]] - In Indian Version) Mother of Yudistira, Bima and Arjuna and wife of Pandu<br />
# Gendari ([[Gandhari (character)|Gandhari]] - In Indian Version) Mother of Kauravas.<br />
# Madrim ([[Madri]] - In Indian Version) Mother of the ashwin twins Nakula and Sadewa and wife of Pandu<br />
# Karna ([[Karna]] - In Indian Version) The son of Kunti and the God Surya himself. He was faithful friend of Duryudana.<br />
# Durna ([[Drona]] - In Indian Version) The great teacher and mahaguru to both the Kurawas and Pandawas. He was the father of [[Ashwatthama]].<br />
# Duryudana ([[Duryodhana]] - In Indian Version) Eldest Kurawa brother who wants to be the king and hates the Pandavas. He was a great warrior and a great friend. <br />
# Sangkuni ([[Shakuni]] - In Indian Version) King of Gandhar, most skilled Player of Dice game, uncle and well wisher of the Kurwas.<br />
# Arjuna ([[Arjuna]] - In Indian Version) Third Pandawa brother born of [[Indra]]. He was the greatest Archer of the epic. Arjuna was also the greatest and invincible warrior. Krishna was his best friend. Favourite of Bhisma and Drona.<br />
# Yudistira (Punta Dewa/Dharmawangsa) ([[Yudhisthira]] - In Indian Version) Eldest Pandawa brother, a great king, patient and non violent by nature. Despite Kauravas hated him, he loved them and always wanted end the rivalry.<br />
# Bima ([[Bhima]] - In Indian Version) Second Pandawa brother born of the Wind God, a very strong man with strength of thousands of elephants, a giant. <br />
# Srikandi ([[Shikhandi]] - In Indian Version) elder sister of Draupadi, a warrior princess and a skilled archer, she becomes a man by exchanging her feminity with a yaksha to kill bhisma unfairly as Bhishma denied to use weapons against an enuch Shikhandi.<br />
# Dropadi ([[Draupadi]] - In Indian Version) Younger sister of Srikandi, in Indonesian version, she is married to only Yudisthir after an archery competition won by Bhima for his elder brother; and heroine of the Mahabharata. <br />
# Hastinapura ([[Hastinapura]] - In Indian Version) Original kingdom of Kurus.<br />
# Amarta ([[Indraprastha]] - In Indian Version) New kingdom made by the Pandawas by Maya who was the only creature whom Arjuna spared when he burnt entire Khandava forest. <br />
# Mt Indrakila: The place where Arjuna goes to meditate before the 'Bharata Yudha' or 'War of India' and where he receives many divine arrows.<br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[Hinduism in Java]]<br />
*[[Javanese Kshatriya]]<br />
*''[[Kakawin]]''<br />
*''[[Kakawin Bhāratayuddha]]''<br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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{{Works based on the Mahabharata|state=collapsed}}<br />
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[[Category:Javanese culture]]<br />
[[Category:Works based on the Mahabharata]]</div>ImportMaster