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{{short description|Indian highway and expressway construction project}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox project
| image = Bharatmala_Pariyojana.png
| country = [[India]]
| primeminister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| key_people = [[Nitin Gadkari]]
| ministry = [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]
| current_status = Active
| established = {{Start date and age|2015|07|31|df=y}}
}}
{{Politics of India}}

The '''Bharatmala Pariyojana''' ({{literal translation}} 'India garland project') is a [[Centrally Sponsored Scheme|centrally-sponsored]] and funded Road and Highways project of the [[Government of India]].<ref name=Ecotimes>{{citation |title=Bharat Mala: PM Narendra Modi's planned {{INRConvert|14000|c}} road from Gujarat to Mizoram |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-04-29/news/61652753_1_crore-road-road-connectivity-road-network |date=29 April 2015 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |location=[[New Delhi]] }}</ref> The total investment for {{cvt|83677|km|mi}}<ref name=new1/> committed new highways is estimated at {{INRConvert|5.35|lc}}, making it the single largest outlay for a government road construction scheme (as of December 2017). The project will build highways from [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Punjab]], [[Haryana]] and then cover the entire string of Himalayan territories - [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]] - and then portions of borders of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]] alongside [[Terai]], and move to [[West Bengal]], [[Sikkim]], [[Assam]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]], and right up to the [[India–Myanmar barrier|Indo-Myanmar border]] in [[Manipur]] and [[Mizoram]].<ref name="Ecotimes" /> Special emphasis will be given on providing connectivity to [[Ministry for Development of North Eastern Region#Roads|far-flung border and rural areas]] including the tribal and backward areas. Bharatmala Project will interconnect 550 District Headquarters (from current 300) through a minimum 4-lane highway by raising the number of corridors to 50 (from current 6) and move 80% freight traffic (40% currently) to National Highways by interconnecting 24 logistics parks, 66 inter-corridors (IC) of total {{cvt|8000|km|mi}}, 116 feeder routes (FR) of total {{cvt|7500|km|mi}} and [[List of National Waterways in India|7 north east Multi-Modal waterway ports]].<ref name=mala1/>

The ambitious umbrella programme will subsume all existing Highway Projects including the flagship [[National Highways Development Project]] (NHDP), launched by the [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] government in 1998.

It is both enabler and beneficiary of other key [[Government of India]] schemes, such as [[Sagar Mala project|Sagarmala]], [[Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India|Dedicated Freight Corridors]], [[Industrial corridor]]s, [[UDAN|UDAN-RCS]], [[Bharat Broadband Network|BharatNet]], [[Digital India]] and [[Make in India]].

==Scope==
===Context ===
[[India]]'s 54,82,000 km (3,406,000 mi) road network is second largest in the world, of which only 2% (~1,10,000 km) are [[National highways in India|national highways]] (NHs) carrying 40% road traffic.<ref name=bm1>[http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2017/oct/p2017102504.pdf BHARATMALA PARIYOJANA, PHASE-I]</ref> '''Bharatmala phase-I''' will raise the [[National highways in India|NH]] connection to a total of 80% or 550 districts out of total 718 districts<ref name=dis1>[https://knowindia.gov.in/districts/#:~:text=India%20is%20one%20of%20the,their%20respective%20State%2F%20UT%20Government.].</ref> from the current 42% or 300 districts connected to NH (dec 2017).<ref name=bm1/> Mapping of Shortest Route for 12,000 routes carrying 90% of the [[India]]'s freight, commodity-wise survey of freight movement across 600 districts, automated traffic surveys over 1,500+ points
across the country, and satellite mapping of corridors to identify upgradation requirements for Bharatmala.<ref name=mala1/>

==== {{anchor | National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation | NHIDCL }} NHIDCL ====
'''National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (NHIDCL)''' was created in 2014 as a fully owned company of the [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]] by the [[Government of India]] to expedite construction of [[Ministry for Development of North Eastern Region#Projects|National Highway projects]] with specific focus on [[Northeast India]].<ref name="NHIDCL1">[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/44746957.cms National Highway Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited to award first project for North-East in October], [[The Economic Times|Economic Times]], 9 Oct 9 2014.</ref><ref name="NHIDCL2">[http://nhidcl.com/ NHIDCL intro].</ref>

==== {{anchor | Central Road Fund (CRF) | Central Road Fund | CRF }} Central Road Fund (CRF) ====
'''Central Road Fund (CRF)''' was created as a non-lapsable fund under the ''"Central Road Fund Act 2000"'', by imposing a [[cess]] on petrol and diesel, to build and upgrade [[National Highway (India)|National Highways]], State roads, [[Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana|rural roads]], railway under/over bridges etc., and [[List of National Waterways in India|national waterways]].<ref name="crf1">[http://www.indianeconomy.net/splclassroom/417/what-is-central-road-fund-crf/ What is Central Road Fund (CRF)?], Indian Economy.</ref>

===Impact===
Bharatmala will significantly boost highway infrastructure:<ref name=mala1/>
* Raise 6 NC corridors to 50 corridors (6 NC and 44 EC)
* Raise 40% freight to 80% freight on National Highways
* Raise 300 districts to 550 districts connected by minimum 4-lane highways.

== Components ==

=== National Highways Development Project (NHDP)===
[[National Highways Development Project|NHDP]] project covers {{cvt|48793|km|mi}}, including {{cvt|28915|km|mi}} completed, {{cvt|10574|km|mi}} under construction and {{cvt|9,304|km|mi}} left for award (as of May 2017).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nhai.gov.in/about-nhdp.htm|title=About NHDP {{!}} National Highways Authority of India, Government of India|website=nhai.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2018-02-03}}</ref> The uncompleted projects under NHDP will also be subsumed in Bharatmala.<ref name="bm1" />

=== National Corridors (NC) ===
'''National Corridors of India''' (NC) are 6 high volume corridors, including 4 in [[Golden Quadrilateral]] and 2 in [[North–South and East–West Corridor]]s, including [[Mumbai]] - [[Kolkata]] Highway (NH6), known as East Coast - West Coast Corridor, that carry 35% of [[India]]'s freight.<ref name=bm1/> Lane expansion to 6 to 8 laning, ring roads, bypasses and elevated corridors will be built in Bharatmala to decongest the National Corridors.<ref name=bm1/> Logistics Parks will be set up along the NC.<ref name=bm1/> Busiest stretches of National Corridors will be converted to the expressways.<ref name=bm1/> {{cvt|8000|km|mi}} inter-corridor and {{cvt|7500|km|mi}} feeder routes will be built.<ref name=bm1/> Additionally, {{cvt|3300|km|mi}} of [[Border Roads Organisation#Border infrastructure development|border roads]] and {{cvt|2000|km|mi}} international highways will be built to connect 6 National Corridors to international trade routes.<ref name=bm1/>

==== National Corridors Efficiency Program (NCEP)====
'''National Corridors Efficiency Program (NCEP)''' entails {{cvt|5000|km|mi}} phase-I decongestion of 185 choke points by 34 6-8 laning, 45 bypasses and 28 ring roads of 6 NC.<ref name=bm1/><ref name=mala1/>
<ref name=bminvest>[http://forestsclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Addinfo/0_0_10112512121216107PKG1BProjectApproval.pdf Investment approval for Phase 1]</ref>

New ring roads in Bharatmala include:
{{Div col |colwidth=9em}}
* [[Agra]]
* [[Outer Ring Road, Amaravati|Amaravati]]
* [[Belgaum]]
* [[Outer Ring Road, Bangalore|Bengaluru]]
* [[Bhubaneswar]]
* [[Chitradurga]]
* [[Outer Ring Road, Delhi|Delhi]]
* [[Dhanbad]]
* [[Dhule]]
* [[Western Peripheral Expressway|Gurugram]]
* [[Indore]]
* [[Jabalpur]]
* [[Jaipur Ring Road|Jaipur]]
* [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]]
* [[Lucknow]]
* [[Madurai]]
* [[Outer Ring Road, Nagpur|Nagpur]]
* [[Outer Ring Road, Patna|Patna]]
* [[Pune Ring Road|Pune]]
* [[Raipur]]
* [[Ranchi]]
* [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]]
* [[Sambalpur]]
* [[Shivpuri]]
* [[Solapur]]
* [[Surat]]
* [[Udaipur]]
* [[Varanasi]]
* [[Vijayawada]]
{{div col end }}

===Economic Corridors===
'''Economic Corridors of India''' or '''Industrial Corridors of India''', 44 corridors {{cvt|26200|km|mi}} were identified and {{cvt|9000|km|mi}} will be taken up in phase-I, they exclude 6 National Corridors, they include:<ref name=mala1>[http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2017/oct/p2017102503.pdf Bharatmala presentation]</ref> 66 {{cvt|8000|km|mi}} inter-corridors (IC) & 116 {{cvt|7500|km|mi}} feeder routes (FR) were identified for Bharatmala.<ref name=mala1/><ref name=bm1/>

List of 44 economic corridors (EC):<ref name=mala1/>
{{Div col|colwidth=12em}}
* EC-1: [[Mumbai]]-[[Kolkata]]
* EC-2: [[Mumbai]]-[[Kanyakumari]]
* EC-3: [[Amritsar]]-[[Jamnagar]]
* EC-4: [[Kandla]]-[[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]]
* EC-5: [[Agra]]-[[Mumbai]]
* EC-6: [[Pune]]-[[Vijayawada]]
* EC-7: [[Raipur]]-[[Dhanbad]]
* EC-8: [[Ludhiana]]-[[Ajmer]]
* EC-9: [[Surat]]-[[Nagpur]]
* EC-10: [[Hyderabad]]-[[Panaji]]
* EC-11: [[Jaipur]]-[[Indore]]
* EC-12: [[Solapur]]-[[Nagpur]]
* EC-13: [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]]-[[Varanasi]]
* EC-14: [[Kharagpur]]-[[Siliguri]]
* EC-15: [[Raipur]]-[[Vishakapatnam]]
* EC-16: [[Delhi]]-[[Lucknow]]
* EC-17: [[Chennai]]-[[Kurnool]]
* EC-18: [[Indore]]-[[Nagpur]]
* EC-19: [[Chennai]]-[[Madurai]]
* EC-20: [[Mangaluru]]-[[Raichur]]
* EC-21: [[Tuticorin]]-[[Cochin]]
* EC-22: [[Solapur]]-[[Bellary]]-[[Gooty]]
* EC-23: [[Hyderabad]]-[[Aurangabad]]
* EC-24: [[Delhi]]-[[Kanpur]]
* EC-25: [[Tharad]]-[[Phalodi]]
* EC-26: [[Nagaur]]-Mandi Dabawli
* EC-27: [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]]-[[Lucknow]]
* EC-28: [[Sambalpur]]-[[Paradeep]]
* EC-29: [[Amreli]]-[[Vadodra]]
* EC-30: [[Godhra]]-[[Khargone]]
* EC-31: [[Sambalpur]]-[[Ranchi]]
* EC-32: [[Bengaluru]]-[[Malappuram]]
* EC-33: [[Raisen]]-[[Patharia|Pathariya]]
* EC-34: [[Bengaluru]]-[[Mangaluru]]
* EC-35: [[Chittaurgarh]]-[[Indore]]
* EC-36: [[Bilaspur, Haryana|Bilaspur]]-[[New Delhi]]
* EC-37: [[Solapur]]-[[Mahabubnagar]]
* EC-38: [[Bengaluru]]-[[Nellore]]
* EC-39: [[Ajmer]]-[[Udaipur]]
* EC-40: [[Sirsa]]-[[Delhi]]
* EC-41: [[Sirohi]]-[[Beawar]]
* EC-42: [[Jaipur]]-[[Agra]]
* EC-43: [[Pune]]-[[Aurangabad]]
* EC-44: North East Corridor
{{div col end}}

====Logistics parks====
Logistics parks entailing 45% of [[India]]'s freight traffic have been identified to be connected by Bharatmala economic corridors (EC), to develop hub-and-spoke model where hub-to-hub transport can be done with 30 tonne trucks and hub-to-spoke transport can be done with 10 tonne trucks. Currently all transport is point-to-point in 10 tonne trucks (2017).<ref name=mala1/><ref name=bminvest/>

{{Div col|colwidth=12em}}
* [[Ambala]]
* [[Bengaluru]]
* [[Bathinda]]
* [[Bhopal]]
* [[Chennai]]
* [[Cochin]]
* [[Coimbatore]]
* [[Guwahati]]
* [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]]
* [[Hyderabad]]
* [[Indore]]
* [[Jagatsinghpur]]
* [[Jaipur]]
* [[Jammu]]
* [[Kandla]]
* [[Kolkata]]
* [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]]
* [[Nagpur]]
* [[Nashik]]
* [[Panaji]]
* [[Patna]]
* [[Pune]]
* [[Raipur]]
* [[Rajkot]]
* [[Solan]]
* [[Sundargarh]]
* [[Valsad]]
* [[Vijayawada]]
* [[Visakhapatnam]]
* North Gujarat
** [[Ahmedabad]]
** [[Vadodara]]
* South Gujarat
** [[Surat]]
** [[Bharuch]]
* North Punjab
** [[Jalandhar]]
** [[Amritsar]]
** [[Gurdaspur]]
* South Punjab
** [[Ludhiana]]
** [[Sangrur]]
** [[Patiala]]
* [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi-NCR]]
** [[Delhi]]
** [[Faridabad]] <br />([[Manesar#Industrial Model Township, Manesar|IMT Manesar]])
** [[Narnaul]] <br />([[Nangal Choudhary#Integrated Multimodel Logistics Hub (IMLH)|Nangal Choudhary IMHL]])
** [[Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh|Ghaziabad]]
* [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region|MMR]]
** [[Mumbai]]
** [[Mumbai Suburban district|Mumbai suburbs]]
** [[Jawaharlal Nehru Port|Jnpt]]
** [[Mumbai Port Trust|Mumbai Port]]
** [[Thane]]
** [[Raigad district|Raigad]]
{{div col end}}

====Northeast India connectivity====
North East Economic corridor will connect 7 state capitals and 7 multimodal waterways terminals on [[Brahmaputra]]
on the [http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2017/oct/p2017102503.pdf bharatmala route (slide 21)].<ref name=mala1/>
{{Div col|colwidth=10em}}
* [[Dhubri#Oriyamghat multimodal waterways terminal|Dhubri]]
* [[Silghat#Oriyamghat multimodal waterways terminal|Silghat]]
* [[Biswanath Chariali#Biswanath Ghat|Biswanath Ghat]]
* [[Jorhat#Neamati multimodal waterways terminal|Neamati]]
* [[Dibrugarh#Waterways|Dibrugarh]]
* [[Sissiborgaon#Sengajan multimodal waterways terminal|Sengajan]]
* [[Barpathar#Oriyamghat multimodal waterways terminal|Oriyamghat]]
{{div col end}}

====International connectivity====
{{see also|Ministry_for_Development_of_North_Eastern_Region#Northeast_India_connectivity_projects| label 1 = Northeast connectivity projects | India–Myanmar_barrier#Look-East_Connectivity | label 2 = Look-East connectivity}}
[[India–Myanmar barrier#Look-East Connectivity|Look-East Connectivity]] will be further developed in the [http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2017/oct/p2017102503.pdf Bharatmala routes (slide 22)].<ref name=mala1/>
* 24 Integrated check posts (ICPs)
* Transit through Bangladesh to improve [[Northeast India]]
* Integrating Bangladesh–Bhutan–Nepal-Myanmar–Thailand [[Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation|BIMSTEC]] corridors.

==Finance==
*'''Total budget''' {{INRConvert|692324|c}} for 5 years Bharatmala project from 2017 to 2022.<ref name=new3/>
** '''{{INRConvert|157324|c}} existing NH projects''' subsumed under Bharatmala, such as incomplete [[List of National Highways in India by highway number|National Highways]], [[Ministry for Development of North Eastern Region#Projects|SARDP-NE]], Externally Aided Projects (EAP, e.g. [[world Bank]] and [[Asian Development Bank|ADB]]), and Left Wing Extremism roads (LWE).<ref name=bm1/>
** '''{{INRConvert|535000|c}} phase-I''' to be completed during 2017-dec 2019:<ref name=bm1/><ref name=bm2>{{citation |title=Govt plans Bharat Mala, a 5,000km road network |url=http://timesofindia.com/india/Govt-plans-Bharat-Mala-a-5000km-road-network/articleshow/47102122.cms |date=30 April 2015 |location=[[New Delhi]] |work=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref><ref name=new3/>
*** {{INRConvert|209000|c}} through market borrowings.<ref name=new3/>
*** {{INRConvert|106000|c}} through private investments.<ref name=new3/>
*** {{INRConvert|219000|c}} through the Central Road Fund (CRF) and tolls:<ref name=new3/>
**** {{INRConvert|97000|c}} from CRF.<ref name=new3/>
**** {{INRConvert|34000|c}} from new toll monetisation of completed highways.<ref name=new3/>
**** {{INRConvert|46048|c}} from current toll fee from Toll-Permanent Bridge Fee Fund (PBFF)).<ref name=new3>[http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=171930 new release]</ref>
* '''Fy2017-18:'''<ref name=roa1>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/62235342.cms Transport ministry seeks Rs 78,000 crore to help fund Bharatmala], [[The Economic Times|Economic Times]], 24 Dec 2017.</ref>
* {{cvt|10000|km|mi}} highways built at the rate of 27 km/day,
* {{INRConvert|65000|c}} through allocation in the national budget.
* '''Fy2018-19:'''<ref name=roa1/>
** {{cvt|24000|km|mi}} will be awarded.
** {{cvt|12000|km|mi}} will be completed.
** {{INRConvert|163000|c}} total spend:
*** {{INRConvert|78000|c}} through allocation in the national budget,
*** {{INRConvert|60000|c}} through bonds,
*** {{INRConvert|25000|c}} through toll monetisation of 30 completed highways.

==Implementation phases: 2017-2022==
The plan envisages the construction of {{cvt|83677|km|mi}} roads, including {{cvt|34800|km|mi}} of additional highways and roads across the country,<ref name=new1>{{citation |title=Ministry proposes construction of 20,000 km of roads under Bharat Mala project |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-01-09/news/69634613_1_draft-cabinet-note-finance-ministry-roads-ministry |date=9 January 2016 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |location=[[New Delhi]] }}</ref> apart from an existing plan of building {{cvt|48877|km|mi}} of new highways by the [[National Highway Authority of India]].<ref name=roa1/> Bharatmala has synergy with [[Sagarmala]].<ref name=new11/>

=== Phase 1: 34,800 km by December 2022===
The total length of {{cvt|34800|km|mi}} highways will be constructed under phase-I by December 2022, including {{cvt|24800|km|mi}} of new highways and another {{cvt|10000|km|mi}} currently under-construction remaining incomplete under NHDP, compared to 19 years it took to upgrade almost same length of National Highways under [[National Highways Development Project|NHDP]].<ref name=award1>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/economy/first-phase-of-bharatmala-pariyojana-to-start-by-end-of-2018-gadkari-2419571.cms|title=First phase of Bharatmala Pariyojana to start by end of 2018: Gadkari|website=Moneycontrol|language=en-US|access-date=2017-10-29}}</ref><ref name=new11>[http://www.firstpost.com/business/nitin-gadkari-press-conference-live-focus-on-road-dev-will-ensure-investments-say-expert-4173547.html Nitin Gadkari press conference highlights: BharatMala, SagarMala to be 'varmala' of India, says minister], First Post, 25 Oct 2017.</ref><ref name=new1/><ref name=award2>{{Cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/industry/highway-construction-target-for-nitin-gadkari-led-road-transport-ministry-is-30-km-per-day-too-much-of-a-stretch/701339/|title=Highway construction target for Nitin Gadkari-led Road Transport Ministry: Is 30 km per day too much of a stretch?|date=2017-06-05|work=The Financial Express|access-date=2017-08-08|language=en-US}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Road Type
! Total Length<ref name=bm1/>
! Phase-I Length<ref name=bm1/>
! Notes
|-
|''Economic Corridors''
| {{cvt|26200|km|mi}}
| {{cvt|9000|km|mi}}
| 44 EC corridors exclude 6 NC.<ref name=mala1/>
|-
|''Inter-corridor & feeder Routes''
| {{cvt|15500|km|mi}}
| {{cvt|6000|km|mi}}
| 66 {{cvt|8000|km|mi}} inter-corridors (IC) & 116 {{cvt|7500|km|mi}} feeder routes (FR).<ref name=mala1/><ref name=bm1/>
|-
|''National Corridors Efficiency Program''
|
| {{cvt|5000|km|mi}}
| 6-8 laning, bypasses and ring roads of 6 NC.<ref name=bm1/>
|-
|''Border & International connectivity roads''
| {{cvt|5300|km|mi}}
| {{cvt|2000|km|mi}}
| {{cvt|3300|km|mi}} of [[Border Roads Organisation#Border infrastructure development|border roads]] and {{cvt|2000|km|mi}} to connect 6 national corridors to international trade routes, such as [[BIMSTEC]], [[India–Myanmar barrier#India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway|MIT]] and BIN (Bangladesh-[[India]]-[[Nepal]]).<ref name=bm1/>
|-
|''Coastal & Port connectivity roads''
|
| {{cvt|2000|km|mi}}
| Synergy with [[Sagarmala]].
|-
|''Expressways''
| {{cvt|1600|km|mi}}
| {{cvt|800|km|mi}}
| NC stretches converted to expressway.<ref name=bm1/>
|-
|'''Total under Bharatmala Pariyojana'''
|
| '''{{cvt|24800|km|mi}}'''
|
|-
|''NH remaining under NHDP''
| {{cvt|10000|km|mi}}
| {{cvt|10000|km|mi}}
|
|-
|'''Total to be built or upgraded'''
| '''{{cvt|83677|km|mi}}'''<ref name=new1/>
| '''{{cvt|34800|km|mi}}'''
|
|}

===Phase-II: 48,877 km (expected 2024)===
Multimodal logistics parks. It will make current corridors more effective & will improve connectivity with north east and leverage synergy with inland waterways

==See also==

; Similar rail development
* [[Future of rail transport in India]], rail development

; Similar roads development
* Bharatmala components or predecessors
** [[Diamond Quadrilateral]], Subsumed in Bharatmala
** [[Golden Quadrilateral]], completed national road development connectivity older scheme
** [[National Highways Development Project]], Subsumed in Bharatmala
** [[North-South and East-West Corridor]], Subsumed in Bharatmala
* [[India-China Border Roads]], Subsumed in Bharatmala
* [[Expressways of India]]
* [[Setu Bharatam]], river road bridge development in India

; Similar ports and river transport development
* [[Indian Rivers Inter-link]]
* [[List of National Waterways in India]]
* [[Sagar Mala project]], national water port development connectivity scheme

; Similar air transport development
* [[Indian Human Spaceflight Programme]]
* [[UDAN]], national airport development connectivity scheme

; Highways in India
* [[List of National Highways in India by highway number]]
* [[List of National Highways in India]]

; General
* [[Transport in India]]
* [[Aerial lift in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2017/oct/p2017102503.pdf Bharatmala presentation - Oct 2017]
* [https://morth.nic.in/bharatmala-phase bharatmala-phase], MorTH, GoI.

{{Government Schemes in India}}

[[Category:Modi administration initiatives]]
[[Category:Proposed road infrastructure in India]]
[[Category:2015 establishments in India]]

Bharatmala - Revision history

CleanupBot II at 19:28, 13 August 2023