NereidaMccurdy5 at 20:19, 31 March 2026

2026-03-31T20:19:25Z

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{{Short description|Indian family}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox family
| name = Bhatt family
| image = SHANIWAR WADA.jpg
| crest =
| caption =
| region = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| early_forms =
| image_caption = [[Shaniwar Wada]] built in 1732
| origin = [[Konkan]], [[India]]
| members = Vishwanathpant (Visaji) Bhatt [[Balaji Vishwanath]] [[Bajirao I]] [[Balaji Bajirao]] [[Shamsher Bahadur I]] [[Madhavrao Peshwa]] [[Narayanrao Peshwa]] [[Raghunathrao]] [[Ali Bahadur I]] [[Sawai Madhava Rao II Narayan]] [[Baji Rao II]] [[Nana Saheb Peshwa II]]
| otherfamilies =
| distinctions =
| heirlooms =
| estate =
| meaning =
| footnotes =
}}
The '''Bhatt Peshwā family''' earlier known as Bhatt family is a prominent Indian [[Marathi people|Marathi]] [[Chitpavan Brahmins|Chitpavan Brahmin]] royal family. Most of the members in this family were the [[Peshwa]]s (prime ministers) in the [[Maratha Empire]], and Peshwa later became their family name. In the eighteenth century, most of the [[Indian subcontinent |Indian subcontinent]] came under their control.

==Family tree==

===First generation===
[[File:Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|128px|Statue of Balaji Vishwanath in [[Srivardhan]]]]
*[[Balaji Vishwanath]] was the first of a series of hereditary ''[[Peshwa]]s'' ([[Marathi language|Marathi]] for Prime Minister) hailing from the [[Chitpavan]] [[Brahmin]] family<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcuxIsn6wbQC|title=Hindu-Muslim Syncretic Shrines and Communities|last=Burman|first=J. J. Roy|date=2002-01-01|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=9788170998396|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Singer">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_g-_r-9Oa_sC&q=bajirao+chitpavan&pg=PA400|title=Structure and Change in Indian Society|last1=Singer|first1=Milton B.|last2=Cohn|first2=BkkppPernard S.|date=1970-01-01|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=9780202369334|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tDRiJ3HZVPQC|title=The Caste Question: Dalits and the Politics of Modern India|last=Rao|first=Anupama|date=2009-01-01|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520255593|language=en}}</ref> who gained effective control of the [[Maratha Empire]] during the 18th century. Balaji Vishwanath assisted a young Maratha Emperor [[Shahu I]], grandson of [[Shivaji]], to consolidate his grip on a kingdom that had been racked by civil war and persistent attack by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] under [[Aurangzeb]]. He was called "the second founder of the Maratha State."<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=202–205}}</ref>

===Second generation===
[[File:Baji Rao I.png|thumb|right|128px|Bajirao I]]
Balaji married Radhabai Barve (1685–1752) and had two sons and two daughters.
* [[Baji Rao I]] (18 August 1700 – 28 April 1740), also known as Bajirao I, was a noted general who was appointed as the [[Peshwa]] by [[Shahu I]] of the [[Maratha Empire]] in 1720.,<ref name="sen2"/><ref name="Singer"/> He is also known as Thorale Bajirao (Bajirao the elder) in [[Marathi language|Marathi]] to distinguish him from his grandson and namesake, Bajirao II, the last Peshwa. Bajirao, after [[Shivaji]], is considered to be the most charismatic and dynamic leader in Maratha history, and one of the greatest Military generals of his time. He was just twenty years old when he was appointed Peshwa, and already had a reputation for rapid decisions and a passion for military adventure.<ref>{{Cite book |last=New Cambridge History of India |url=http://archive.org/details/the-marathas-1600-1818-cambridge-history-of-india-vol.-2-part-4 |title=The Marathas - Cambridge History of India (Vol. 2, Part 4) |page=114}}</ref>
* [[Chimaji Appa]] (1707–1741) was a son of Balaji Vishwanath Bhat and the younger brother of Peshwa Bajirao I. He was an able military commander who liberated [[Portuguese India|Portuguese controlled territory]] north of Mumbai including [[Bassein Fort|Vasai fort]] in a hard-fought [[Battle of Vasai|battle]] in 1739.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Naravane|first1=M.S|title=The maritime and coastal forts of India|date=1998|publisher=APH Pub. Corp.|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788170249108|pages=44–45|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k59aVCIlFB8C&q=Bassein+portuguese+chimaji&pg=PR7|access-date=21 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Kantak|first1=M.R.|title=The First Anglo-Maratha War, 1774–1783: A Military Study of Major Battles|date=1993|publisher=South Asia Books|isbn=9788171546961|page=127|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cdXnVOKKkssC&q=+%22chimaji+appa%22&pg=PR7|access-date=11 September 2017}}</ref>
* Bhiubai – She married Abaji Joshi of [[Baramati]], brother of the banker Balaji Naik famed as Bajirao I's "most tormenting creditor".<ref>{{cite book |title=The Marathas - Cambrige History of India Vol. 2 Part 4 |date=1992 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521268837 |page=173 |url=https://archive.org/details/the-marathas-1600-1818-cambridge-history-of-india-vol.-2-part-4/page/172 |quote=Bapuji Naik Baramatikar. This Chitpavan Brahmin family had been in Adil Shahi service through most of the seventeenth century, mainly in banking and finance. They held “nested” rights in the area of Baramati. Bapuji Naik briefly joined the inner group as a backer of Ragunath Rao, but apparently returned to Baramati after the faction was defeated. The family later changed its name to Sowkar (banker), reflective of its main occupation.}}</ref>
* Anubai – she married Venkatrao Ghorpade of [[Ichalkaranji]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chitnis|first1=K. N.|title=Research methodology in history|date=2006|publisher=Atlantic Publishers|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788171561216|page=23|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=azsdBX41x7oC&q=+Franks++Ichalkaranji+&pg=PR5}}</ref> Their heirs ruled the state of Ichalkaranji until 1947.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}

===Third generation===
[[File:Peshwa Balaji Bajirao.jpg|thumb|right|128px|Portrait of Balaji Bajirao from 1800 century]]
[[File:Sadashivrao Bhau with Ibrahim Khan Gardi.jpg|thumb|right|128px|Miniature painting of Sadashivrao Bhau with Ibrahim Khan Gardi
]]
|Bajirao was married to Kashibai Chaskar Joshi, and had two sons together: Balaji Bajirao Peshwa (Nanasaheb) who was later appointed Peshwa by Shahu in 1740. Their second son was named Raghunathrao. Bajirao also took Mastani as the second wife who was the daughter of Maharaja Chhatrasal of Panna by a Persian Muslim wife.
Chimajiappa was married to Rakhmabai (Pethe family). He had only son, Sadashivrao known popularly as Sadashivrao Bhau who led the Maratha forces in the Third Battle of Panipat against [[Ahmad Shah Abdali]]. Rakhmabai died shortly after Sadashivrao's birth, which led to Chimajiappa's second marriage to Annapuurnabai. Bajirao and [[Mastani]] had a son named [[Shamsher Bahadur]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}

* [[Balaji Baji Rao]] (Nanasaheb) (8 December 1720 – 23 June 1761), also known as '''Nana Saheb Peshwa''' was son of [[Bajirao]]<ref name="sen2"/> and Kashibai. [[Chattrapati Shahu]], at time of his death, appointed Balaji Baji Rao [[Peshwa]] of [[Maratha Empire]]. He contributed to development of [[Pune]], [[India]]. Under his reign, borders of [[Maratha Empire]] crossed [[Peshawar]] (presently in Pakistan) by 1760 AD . However, he is also held responsible for defeat of Marathas at the [[Battle of Panipat (1761)]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}
* [[Raghunathrao]] (b. 18 Aug.1734 – d. 11 Dec.1783) was [[Peshwa]] of the [[Maratha Empire]] from 1773 to 1774. Earlier in his career as a commander of Maratha forces, he is credited with expanding the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha Kingdom]] to include far-flung areas such as [[Attock]] in present-day [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ggduAAAAMAAJ|title=A Comprehensive History of India: 1712–1772|date=1978-01-01|publisher=Orient Longmans|language=en}}</ref> However, he is also blamed sowing the seeds for the downfall of the [[Peshwa|Peshwa Dynasty]]. He is nicknamed as ''Ragho Bharari'' since he is instrumental in planting the triumphant Hindu Maratha flag till Attock in present-day Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4HlCAAAAYAAJ|title=Proceedings|last=Congress|first=Indian History|date=1966-01-01|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)]] (1734–1761) also spelled as '''Samsher Bahadur''', {{a.k.a.}} '''Krishnasinh''', was a [[Maratha]] ruler of the dominion of [[Banda (state)|Banda]] in northern [[India]]. He was the son of [[Bajirao I]] and [[Mastani]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0hKthqa2kkQC|title=Rani of Jhansi|last=Rana|first=Bhawan Singh|date=2005-01-01|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd.|isbn=9788128808753|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E0bRAAAAMAAJ|title=The Inwardness of British Annexations in India|last=bahadur)|first=Chidambaram S. Srinivasachari (dewan|date=1951-01-01|publisher=University of Madras|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ongF6dkNKAcC|title=The Indian Portrait, 1560–1860|last1=Crill|first1=Rosemary|last2=Jariwala|first2=Kapil|date=2010-01-01|publisher=Mapin Publishing Pvt Ltd|isbn=9788189995379|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Sadashivrao Bhau]] (4 August 1730 – 14 January 1761) was the son of Chimaji Appa and Rakhmabai and the nephew of Peshwa Baji Rao I. He served as the Sarsenapati (commander-in-chief) of the Maratha army at the third battle of Panipat. He died fighting at the third battle of Panipat.<ref name="Vishwas Patil">{{cite book |title=Panipat |last=Patil |first=Vishwas}}</ref>
* Janardan Rao who died young{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}

===Fourth generation===
Sadashivrao Bhau's first wife's name was Umabai. She gave birth to two sons who died as soon. Umabai died in 1750. His second wife was Parvatibai. She accompanied Sadashivrao bhau during the battle of Panipat.

* [[Vishwasrao]] (7 March 1741 – 14 January 1761) was the eldest son of Balaji Baji Rao, Peshwa of Pune (Poona) (the prime minister and de facto ruler/administrator) of the Maratha Empire and also was the heir to the title of Peshwa of Maratha Empire. He was killed during the period of the most intense fighting (Approx. between 01pm and 02:30pm) at Third Battle of Panipat, fighting on the front lines. It is generally accepted that the third battle of Panipat, which hung in balance till his death, moved decisively in favour of the Afghans and ended up in victory of Durrani Empire.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}
* [[Madhavrao I]] (or Pradhanpant Shrimant Madhavrao (Ballal) Peshwa I a.k.a. Thorle Madhav Rao Peshwa ) (14 February 1745 – 18 November 1772) was the fourth Peshwa of the Maratha Empire. During his tenure, Maratha power recovered from the losses suffered during the Panipat Campaign, a phenomenon known as "Maratha Resurrection". He is considered one of the greatest personalities of the Maratha history.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}
* [[Narayan Rao]] (10 August 1755 – 30 August 1773) was the fifth Peshwa or ruler of the Maratha Empire from November 1772 until his murder by his palace guards in August 1773<ref>{{cite book|last=Gense, Banaji|title=Third English Embassy to the Marathas: Mostyn's diary|year=1934|publisher=Jal Taraporewalla}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= A History of Maratha people| first1=C.A. | last1=Kincaid |first2=Rao|last2=Bahadur|first3=D. B.|last3=Parasnis |year= 1925 |publisher= Oxford University Press|url= https://archive.org/stream/historyofmaratha03kincuoft/historyofmaratha03kincuoft_djvu.txt|access-date= 30 April 2012}}</ref>
* [[Baji Rao II]] (10 January 1775 – 28 January 1851), also Rao Pandit Pandham, was the son of Peshwa Raghunathrao and Anandibai was Peshwa of the Maratha Empire, and governed from 1796 to 1818.He was installed as the Peshwa after his nephew, Sawai Madhavrao died without leaving an heir.
* [[Ali Bahadur I|Ali Bahadur]] (Krishna Sinh) (1758-1802), was a Nawab of the dominion of [[Banda (state)|Banda]] (present day [[Uttar Pradesh]]) in northern [[India]], a vassal of [[Maratha Empire|Mahratta polity]]. He was the son of [[Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)]] and the grandson of [[Bajirao I]]<ref name="google2">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E0bRAAAAMAAJ&q=shamsher+bahadur+subedar+jhansi |title=The Inwardness of British Annexations in India - Chidambaram S. Srinivasachari (dewan bahadur) |date=2009-02-12 |access-date=2015-06-21}}</ref> Under the auspices of the powerful Maratha nobles, Ali Bahadur established his authority over large parts of Bundelkhand and became the Nawab of Banda .Ali Bahadur supported Pune polity and fought the English in the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War|Anglo-Maratha War of 1803]]<ref name="google2"/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ViSYYQZZWEcC&q=nawab+of+banda+ali+bahadur&pg=PA11 |title=Fall of the Mughal Empire: 1789-1803 - Jadunath Sarkar |date=1992-01-01 |isbn=9780861317493 |access-date=2015-06-21|last1=Sarkar |first1=Jadunath |publisher=Sangam }}</ref>

===Fifth generation===

*[[Madhavrao II]] (18 April 1774 – 27 October 1795) Madhavrao II or Sawai Madhavrao was the posthumous son of the murdered Narayanrao and his wife Gangabai (née Sathe).He was proclaimed Peshwa as soon as he was born with a regency council called Barbhai mandal under [[Nana Fadnavis]] ruling in his name.Sawai Madhavrao died early the age of 21 in 1795.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Athavale |first=S. N. |date=1951 |title=A Scrutiny of the Policy of Nana Fadnis N the North Indian Enterprise of the Marathas |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44303975 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=14 |pages=238–254 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref><ref>Deshpande, P. (2007). Creative Pasts: historical memory and identity in western India, 1700-1960. Columbia University Press.</ref> With the [[treaty of Salbai]], the ascendent British [[East India Company]] also recognized Sawai Madhavrao as the Peshwa.<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=The Pearson General Studies Manual 2009, 1/e|author=Thorpe, S.T.E.|year=2009|publisher=Pearson Education|isbn=9788131721339|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oAo1X2eagywC|page=96|access-date=2014-10-12}}</ref>
* [[Nana Sahib]] (born 19 May 1824 – disappeared 1857), Nana Sahib was born as Nana Govind Dhondu Pant, to Narayan Bhatt and Ganga Bai.<ref name=wolpert>Wolpert, Stanley. ''A New History of India'' (3rd ed., 1989), pp. 226–28. Oxford University Press.</ref> who led the during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]. He was adopted son by the exiled [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] [[Peshwa]] [[Baji Rao II]].The [[English East India Company|Company's]] refusal to continue the pension after his father's death, as well as what he perceived as high-handed policies, compelled him to lead the First Indian Revolution against the British and seek freedom from company rule in India. He forced the British garrison in [[Siege of Cawnpore|Kanpur]] to surrender, and thus gained control of Kanpur for a few days. He later disappeared, after his forces were defeated by a British force that recaptured the city. He also led the battle at [[Gwalior]] with [[Rani Laxmibai]] of Jhansi; but was unsuccessful as many Indian rulers sided with the British including the Afghans, Sikhs & Gorkhas. He disappeared after the war but there were many rumors that he was seen alive at a number of places in a period after 1857.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}
* Shamsher Bahadur II, Nawab of Banda 1802/1825, died 1823/1825 son of Ali Bahadur I{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}
* Nawab Zulfikar Ali, Nawab of Banda in 1802 and 1825/1850, son of Ali Bahadur. He was married and had issue.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}
* Nawab Ali Bahadur II, Nawab of Banda 1850/1858, son of Ali Bahadur I.He fought with [[Rani Lakshmi Bai]] Of [[Jhansi]] Against British East India Company in 1857 Indian rebellion in Kalpi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/muslim-sons-of-a-brahmin-peshwa-11575604090939.html|title = Muslim sons of a Brahmin 'Peshwa'|date = 6 December 2019}}</ref> He was married and had issue, three sons. He died 1873.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}
* Jagat Bahadur fl.1833 son of Ali Bahadur I{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}

===Present generation===
*Descendants of [[Amrut Rao]], the adopted son of Raghunathrao, settled in Pune after staying in [[Bithoor]] and [[Varanasi]] for some duration. Family members are still associated with temples built by Amrutrao on the banks of the [[Ganges]] in Varanasi.<ref name="Desai2017">{{cite book|author=Madhuri Desai|title=Banaras Reconstructed: Architecture and Sacred Space in a Hindu Holy City|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qWgmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PP1|date=20 July 2017|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=978-0-295-74161-1|pages=138–140}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gokarn |first1=Nitin |title=Shri Chitrapur Math now on the banks of the River Ganga at Rajaghat, Kashi |journal=Kanara Saraswat |date=2010 |volume=91 |issue=12 |pages=47–52 |url=http://rups.net/kanara/forms/December2010.pdf |access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref>
*The Muslim descendants of Bajirao I and Mastani lead middle class lives, as social workers, teachers and government servants, in the cities of [[Indore]], [[Sehore]], and [[Bhopal]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Marwah |first1=Ritu |title=Mastani's Son, Shamsher Bahadur I |url=https://indiacurrents.com/mastanis-son-shamsher-bahadur-i/ |issue=22 December |publisher=indiacurrents.com |date=2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ganeshan |first1=Ranjita |title=Why Bajirao Mastani has upset two families |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/why-bajirao-mastani-has-upset-two-families-115121101048_1.html |access-date=27 February 2020 |work=Business Standard |issue=12 December 2015 |date=2015}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
''Peshwas are shown in bold.''


{{Tree chart/start}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B |~|y|~| R1 | | B='''[[Balaji Vishwanath]]''' |R1=Radhabai }}
{{Tree chart | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{Tree chart | K1 |y| Ba |~| M1 |-|-|-|.| K1=[[Kashibai]] |Ba='''[[Bajirao I]]''' |M1=[[Mastani]]| |Aj|~|Bh| |Aj=Abaji Joshi||Bh=Bhiubai|A1 |~| C1 |y| R1 |A1=Annapurnabai|C1=[[Chimaji Appa]]|R1=Rakhmabai| |An |~| V1 |An=Anubai |V1=Venkatrao Ghorpade }}
{{Tree chart |,|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.|`|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | |,|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.|}}
{{Tree chart |Bb|y|Go| Bb='''[[Balaji Baji Rao]]''' |Go=[[Gopikabai]]| |Ja|~|Ra|y|An| Ja=Janakibai |Ra='''[[Raghunath Rao]]'''|An= Anandibai| |Sb|y|Me| |Sb=[[Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)]]|Me=Mehrambai |Um|h|Sa|~|Pa|Um=Umabai|Sa=[[Sadashivrao Bhau]]|Pa=[[Parvatibai]]| |!|}}
{{Tree chart | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |`|-|-|-|.| | | |`|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | |!|}}
{{Tree chart |,|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| |`|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | |!|}}
{{Tree chart |Vi|~|Rl|Vi=[[Vishwasrao]]|Rl=Radhikabai (Lakshmibai)| |Ma|~|Ra|Ma='''[[Madhavrao I]]'''|Ra=[[Ramabai Peshwa]]| |Na|y|Ga|Na='''[[Narayan Rao]]'''|Ga=Gangabai | |Ba2|Ba2='''[[Bajirao II]]'''| |Ch2|Ch2=Chimaji II| |Am|Am=[[Amrut Rao]] (adopted)| |Ab|Ab=[[Ali Bahadur I]]| |S1|S1=2 Sons }}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | |!|}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Ma|Ma='''[[Madhavrao II]]'''| | | |Ns|Ns='''[[Nana Sahib]]''' (adopted)| | | | | |Vi|Vi=Vinayak Rao | |Sb|Sb=Shamsher Bahadur II}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Ab2|Ab2=[[Ali Bahadur II]]}}
{{Tree chart/end}}

==See also==
* {{section link|Peshwa|Appointed and Hereditary Peshwas}}
* [[Maratha clan system]]
* [[Marathi people]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* [[Ranjit Desai]]. ''Swami'' {{in lang|mr}}, a historical novel

{{MarathaEmpire}}
{{Peshawe family}}

[[Category:Indian families]]
[[Category:Hindu families]]
[[Category:People from the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Peshwa dynasty]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]

Bhat family - Revision history

NereidaMccurdy5 at 20:19, 31 March 2026