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{{Short description|Ancient Indian fortress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox military installation
|name = Bhatner fort
|ensign =
|native_name =
|partof = 
|location = Hanumangarh
|nearest_town = 
|country = India
|image = Bhatner durg.jpg
|alt =
|caption = Entrance to the fort
|image2 = 
|alt2 =
|caption2 =
|type = Fort
|coordinates = {{coord|29.586304839457597|N|74.32533648416151|E|display=inline,title}} 
|image_map =
|image_mapsize =
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|image_map_caption =
|pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India#Asia
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|ownership = 
|operator = 
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|open_to_public = 
|site_other_label = 
|site_other = 
|site_area = 52 bighas
|code = 
|built = {{Start date|295}}
|used = 
|builder = Bhupat
|materials = Bricks
|height = 
|fate = 
|condition =
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}}

The '''Bhatner fort''' is at [[Hanumangarh]] in [[Rajasthan]], India, about 419 km northwest of [[Jaipur]] along the old [[Multan]]-[[Delhi]] route and 230 km north-east of Bikaner. The old name of Hanumangarh was Bhatner, which means "fortress of the Bhati". Believed to be 1700 years old, it is considered to be one of the oldest forts of India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/254654/Hanumangarh |title=Hanumangarh (India) - Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Britannica.com |access-date=2014-01-29 |archive-date=6 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106175242/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/254654/Hanumangarh |url-status=live }}</ref>

== History ==
The ancient fort situated on the bank of River Ghaggar was built between 255 AD to 285 AD by the King Bhupat of [[Bhati|Bhati Dynasty]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/rajasthan/hanumangarh-bhatner-durg-this-is-the-oldest-and-strongest-fort-in-india-see-the-specialty-of-the-fort-in-photos-rjsr-3281625-page-2.html | title=भटनेर दुर्ग: हिन्दुस्तान का सबसे पुराना और मजबूत किला, रजिया सुल्तान भी रही थी यहां कैद, PHOTOS | date=2020-10-05 | website=News18India | access-date=2022-01-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/bizarre-news/ancient-forts-in-india-bhatner-fort-also-known-as-hanumangarh-fort-in-rajasthan | title=1700 साल पुराना भारत का वो किला, जिसपर हुए हैं सबसे ज्यादा बार आक्रमण | date=2020-04-07 | website=Amar Ujala | access-date=2022-01-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/odd-news/some-interesting-facts-about-hanumangarh-bhatner-which-is-oldest-and-strongest-fort-770456.html | title=हिन्दुस्तान के इस किले पर हुए हैं सबसे ज्यादा बार आक्रमण, 1700 साल पुराना है इस दुर्ग का इतिहास | date=2021-08-07 | website=Tv9hindi.com | access-date=2022-01-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.newstracklive.com/news/ancient-forts-in-india-bhatner-fort-also-known-as-hanumangarh-fort-in-rajasthan-sc108-nu910-ta910-ta277-1083291-1.html | title=1700 year old fort of India, which has been attacked the most | date=2020-04-08 | website=News Track | access-date=2022-01-14}}</ref> There he constructed a safe castle for himself which came to be known as Bhatner. The entire fort is built of bricks, covering an area of 52 [[bigha]]s. It is in the shape of a [[parallelogram]], with a dozen [[bastion]]s on each side. [[Painted Grey Ware]] (circa 1100-800 BCE) and Rang-Mahal Ware (1st-3rd century CE) have been found in wells situated along the wall.

In the middle of the thirteenth century CE, Sher Suri (or Sher Khan, not to be confused with the much later [[Sher Shah Suri]]), a cousin or nephew of [[Balban]] (the Sultan of Delhi), was governor in these parts of the country. He is said to have carried out repairs to the forts of [[Bhatinda]] and Bhatner. In 1391, Bhatner was wrested by [[Timur]] by defeating Bhatti King Rao Doolchand. A mention has been made in "Tuzuk-e-Timuri" (Autobiography of Timur) about this fort and he stated this fort one of the strongest and secured fort of India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://hanumangarh.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/hanumangarh/en/about-hanumangarh/history.html |title=History|Hanumangarh Rajasthan,Hanumangarh-Rajasthan |access-date=5 December 2021 |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313074832/https://hanumangarh.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/hanumangarh/en/about-hanumangarh/history.html |url-status=live }}</ref> During the [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] invasion of India in 1398, [[Timur]] took 10,000 soldiers from his main army of 150,000 which was advancing towards [[Delhi]] under his grandson and laid siege to Bhatner fort, he captured the Bhatner fort, sacked the city and destroyed its fortifications. Also [[Akbar the Great]] described it in his book "Ain-I-Akbari".<ref name=":0" /> Subsequently, the fort appears to have been held by [[Bhati]]s, [[Johiya]]s and Chayals until 1527 when it was taken by Rao Jet Singh of Bikaner.<ref name=":0" /> After that, it came twice under Mughal control as well, in addition to being the possession of the royal families of Chayals and [[Bikaner]]. Researchers believe that the famous [[Second Battle of Tarain]] fought between [[Mohammad Ghori]] and [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] is the present Talwara Jheel area of the district. This fort stands in the path of invasion of India from [[Central Asia]] and had acted as a strong barricade against the attack of enemies. Finally in the year of 1805, it was captured by Emperor Soorat Singh of Bikaner and remained with it until the formation of Rajasthan.<ref name=":0" /> Since the day of victory was Tuesday (known as day of the Hindu God [[Hanuman]]), so he named Bhatner as Hanumangarh.

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221752/http://asijaipurcircle.com/bhatner_fort_hanumangarh.php Archaeological Survey of India]
*{{cite book
|title=The Rajputana gazetteers
|quote=Bhatner Fort is of some historical interest, having at various times been captured by Mahmúd Ghaznavi, Taimur, and Kámrán, the son of Humayún. It appears to have been granted to Rái Singh of Bikanir by the Emperor Akbár.
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uKYIAAAAQAAJ&q=Bhatner
|year=1879
}}

*{{citation
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C4tRAQAAIAAJ&q=Bhatner
|title=An Approach to Indian Archaeology, Volume 1
|author=Sudhir Ranjan Das
|publisher=Pilgrim Publishers
|year=1972
|quote=The well-known medieval Bhatner fort, near Hanumangarh, actually stands on a high mound, the lower levels of which revealed prehistoric remains. Four miles to the east of Hanumangarh, the Bhadrakali mound rises up to a height of 43 ft.
}}
* https://web.archive.org/web/20090505194825/http://hanumangarh.nic.in/places_of_interest.html

[[Category:Forts in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Hanumangarh district]]

Bhatner fort - Revision history

Bot at 23:56, 22 December 2022