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{{short description|Social activist and educator in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{more footnotes|date=November 2013}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil
| image = Bhaurao Patil.jpg
| image_size = 220px
| caption = Bhaurao Patil
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1887|09|22}}
| birth_place = [[Kumbhoj]], [[Kolhapur State]], [[Kolhapur]], [[British India]]<br/>(Now [[Kolhapur]], [[Maharashtra|Maharashtra, India]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1959|05|09|1887|09|22}}
| organization = [[Rayat Shikshan Sanstha|Rayat Education Society]]
| known_for = Spreading education in the rural areas of [[Maharashtra]]
| occupation = Educationist
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] {{small|(1959)}}
}}

'''Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil''' (22 September 1887 – 9 May 1959), born in Kumbhoj, Kolhapur, was a social activist and educator in [[Maharashtra]], India. A strong advocate of mass education, he founded the [[Rayat Shikshan Sanstha|Rayat Education Society]]. Bhaurao played an important role in educating backward [[caste]]s and low income people by coining the philosophy ''earn and learn''. He was a prominent member of ''[[Satyashodhak Samaj]]'' (Truth seeker's society), founded by [[Jyotirao Phule|Mahatma Jyotirao Phule]]. The people of Maharashtra honoured him with the [[sobriquet]] ''Karmaveer'' (King of actions) and the [[Government of India]] awarded him with [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1959 in India.

==Early life==
{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2019}}
Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil was born in a Marathi [[Jainism in Maharashtra|Jain]] farming family at [[Kumbhoj]] in [[Kolhapur]] [[district]]. Bhaurao's father was a clerk in the revenue department for East India company.{{Citation needed|reason=The company stopped ruling India in 1858|date=February 2019}} Bhaurao was one of the first few Jains known to have passed 8th class of secondary school. During childhood, Bhaurao was heavily influenced by Chhatrapati [[Shahu of Kolhapur|Shahu]], the ruler of [[Kolhapur State]], who provided a facility to Bhaurao to stay in the palace of Kolhapur with Maharaj and study. Shahu was promoter of social equality and education of people belonging to backward castes. Eventually, his father sent him to Kolhapur for further education, where he got in contact with [[Satyashodhak Samaj|Satya Shodhak Movement]] and found other sources of inspiration, [[Jyotirao Phule|Mahatma Phule]] and [[Maharshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde]].

==Social Work==
Bhaurao garnered political interest and decided to express his role in the fight for Indian freedom struggle by working in other beneficial fields like public education. While he worked for companies such as Ogale glassworks, [[Kirloskar Group|Kirloskars]] and Coopers, he participated in the
activities of Satya Shodhak Samaj. He had realized by then that the only remedy for the social evils of those times was the education of the masses. In 1919, he started a hostel where children from lower castes and poor families could stay and get an education while working to pay the expenses. This was the foundation of what later became Rayat Shikshan Sansthan.

As Bhaurao started working on his program to educate the masses, Gandhiji had also launched his campaign to free India (independence movement). During a public meeting in 1921, Bhaurao happened to come across Gandhiji at Mumbai. He was highly impressed by Gandhi's appearance in a loincloth and his philosophy of Khadi. Following this encounter, Bhaurao decided to adopt Khadi attire and follow Gandhian principles in everyday living. Eventually, he vowed to see it to completion, establishing 101 schools in Gandhi's name. However, Gandhiji and Bhaurao had a difference of opinion on the subject of accepting grants from the government for educational activities in post-independence India. Gandhiji believed that even if the government wanted to give grants in aid to an educational institute (or institutes) without putting any restrictions on the institutes, this would eventually devolve into edicts and oversight. No one can expect to receive money without conditions forever. Bhaurao saw no such problem with accepting grants from the government. ''The Bountiful Banyan Tree
'' is Patil's biography, written by Pandurang Ganapati Patil.

==Rayat Education Society==
{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2019}}
While employed in the [[Kirloskar Group|Kirloskar]] factory at [[Kolhapur]], Bhaurao began working for the [[Satyashodhak Samaj]]. In a meeting of [[Satyashodhak Samaj]], held at Kale near [[Karad]], a resolution passed that in order to run the Satyashodhak movement successfully it would be necessary to educate the [[Bahujan]] Samaj.{{citation needed|date=October 2012}} Accordingly, Bhaurao Patil established [[Rayat Shikshan Sanstha]] at a small village named Kale, on 4 October 1919. This society focused on the children of the masses, so it was named Rayat, the Marathi word for "masses". During Bhaurao's lifetime the Sanstha created thirty-eight cosmopolitan boarding schools, 578 voluntary schools, six training colleges, 108 secondary schools and three colleges.

==Biography on Padmabhushan Dr. Karamveer Bhaurao Patil==
The [[Biography]] of Padmabhushan Dr. Karamveer Bhaurao Patil, which was available in [[Marathi language|Marathi]], has been translated into English by D.T. Bhosale, bearing the title "Karmveer Bhaurao Patil"<ref>Karmveer Bhaurao Patil, Diamond Publications, D.T.Bhosale,2016, {{ISBN|978-81-8483-682-0}}</ref> in 2016.

==Awards==
* People of Maharashtra bestowed him with the title, "Karmveer" (Marathi for "King of actions").
* The [[Government of India]] awarded him with '''[[Padma Bhushan]]''' in 1959.
* The University of Pune awarded him an honorary [[D.Litt]] in education in the same year.{{citation needed|date=October 2012}}
* The ''Karmveer Bhaurao Patil Samaj Seva Puraskar'' awards were named for him by the [[Dakshin Bharat Jain Sabha]]. They recognize people doing notable work for the cause of education and work towards [[community service]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jainsamaj.org/magazines/ahimsatimesshow.php?id=93 |title=Jainism Ahimsa News Religious Non-Violence Celebrities Literature Philosophy Matrimonial Institutions |publisher=Jainsamaj.org |access-date=30 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002112834/http://www.jainsamaj.org/magazines/ahimsatimesshow.php?id=93 |archive-date=2 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* People also called him Anna (big brother).

==References==

{{reflist}}

{{Clear}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Bhaurao Patil}}
*{{cite book |last=Keer |first=Dhananjay |title=Mahatma Jotirao Phooley: father of the Indian social revolution |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PFY9fz68KEsC&pg=PP1 |isbn=978-81-7154-066-2 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1997 |access-date=21 April 2010 |page=285}}
* [http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/B/BHAURAO%20PATIL Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil, India Post stamp]
* [http://satara.nic.in/htmldocs/prominet_personalities2.htm Bhaurao Patil's Photo]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081011042411/http://www.rayatshikshan.edu/sanstha.asp The growth and development of the Sanstha]

{{Jainism Topics}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1954–59}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patil Bahurao}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in social work]]
[[Category:People from Kolhapur district]]
[[Category:1887 births]]
[[Category:1959 deaths]]
[[Category:Activists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Jains]]
[[Category:Social workers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:Social workers from Maharashtra]]

Bhaurao Patil - Revision history

CleanupBot II at 13:17, 14 August 2023