UpdateBot at 07:37, 22 February 2022

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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Bhavani River
| name_native_lang = ta
| image = Westernghats river gobi.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| map = Topo map Attappati Reserve Forest.jpg
| map_caption = Headwaters of the Bhavani river in Attappati Reserve Forest
| source1_location = [[Silent Valley National Park|Silent Valley]]
| mouth_location = [[Kaveri River]]
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = Cities
| subdivision_name2 = [[Udhagamandalam]], [[Mettupalayam, Coimbatore|Mettupalayam]], [[Sathyamangalam]], [[Gobichettipalayam]], [[Bhavani, Tamil Nadu|Bhavani]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| length = {{convert|215|km}}
}}

'''Bhavani''' is an Indian river flows through Indian states of [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]], India. It is a major tributary of the [[Kaveri River]].

==Hydrography==
Bhavani river originates from [[Nilgiris|Nilgiri hills]] of the [[Western Ghats]], enters the [[Silent Valley National Park]] in [[Kerala]] and flows back towards Tamil Nadu.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}} The Bhavani is a {{convert|217|km|mi|adj=on}} long perennial river fed mostly by the [[southwest monsoon]] and supplemented by the [[northeast monsoon]]. Its watershed drains an area of {{convert|0.62|e6ha|mi2}} spread over Tamil Nadu (87%), [[Kerala]] (9%) and [[Karnataka]] (4%). The main river courses majorly through [[Coimbatore district]] and [[Erode district]] in Tamil Nadu. About 90 per cent of the river's water is used for agriculture [[irrigation]].

The river joins the [[Kaveri river|Cauvery]] at the [[Kooduthurai]] holy site near [[Bhavani, Tamil Nadu|Bhavani]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/performing-rituals-at-kooduthurai-becomes-risky/article4024478.ece|title=Performing rituals at Kooduthurai becomes risky|date=23 October 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]| access-date= 25 April 2019}}</ref>

==Tributaries==
[[File:Bhavani-Kaveri-Sangamam.JPG|thumb|left|The confluence of the Bhavani and Kaveri rivers at Bhavani]]
Twelve major [[rivulet]]s including West and East Varagar rivers join Bhavani draining the southern [[Nilgiri hills|Nilgiri slopes]]. At Mukkali, Bhavani takes an abrupt 120-degree turn towards the northeast and flows for another {{convert|25|km|mi}} through Attappady plateau. It gets reinforced by the Kunda river coming from the north. [[Siruvani River|Siruvani river]], a perennial stream and the Kodungarapallam river, flowing from the south and southeast respectively join the Bhavani at [[Kerala]]-[[Tamil Nadu]] border.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/human-chain-formed-against-kerala-s-plan-to-build-dam-on-river-siruvani-236005|title=Human chain formed against Kerala's plan to build dam on River Siruvani|work=[[NDTV]]|date=26 June 2012|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714215144/http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/human-chain-formed-against-kerala-s-plan-to-build-dam-on-river-siruvani-236005|url-status=dead}}</ref> The river then flows east along the base of [[Nilgiris]] and enters the plains near Bathra Kaliamman temple at [[Mettupalayam, Coimbatore|Mettupalayam]] after joining with [[Coonoor|Coonoor river]] coming from northwest.

About {{convert|30|km|mi}} downstream, Moyar River, a major tributary originating in [[Mudumalai National Park]], flows in from the northwest, where it drains the valley between the northern slopes of the Nilgiris and the southern slopes of the Bilgiri Hills. After the Moyar it is blocked by the [[Bhavanisagar Dam|Lower Bhavani Dam]], feeding [[Lower Bhavani Project Canal]] near [[Sathyamangalam]] in [[Erode District]]. The river continues east for over {{convert|160|km|mi}} through Erode District, traversing [[Kodiveri Dam]], near [[Gobichettipalayam]] which feeds the Arakkankottai and Thadappalli canals constructed for agricultural purposes.<ref name="Indian Archaeology, a Review">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QQluAAAAMAAJ&q=kongalvan |title=Indian Archaeology, a Review|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India|year=1994}}</ref> A small barrage across the river was built by Kalingarayan in 1283 CE to feed the {{convert|56|mi|km|adj=on|order=flip}} [[Kalingarayan irrigation canal]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/17/stories/2007011700470300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819130959/http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/17/stories/2007011700470300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 August 2010|title=Kalingarayan Canal is 725 years old|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=2007-01-17|access-date=29 January 2016}}</ref>

==Dams==
{{multiple image
|direction=vertical
|image1=BhavaniSagarDam.JPG
|caption1=Bhavanisagar dam
|image2=Kodiveri.jpg
|caption2=Kodiveri dam
}}
;Bhavanisagar
{{Main|Bhavanisagar dam}}
[[Bhavanisagar dam]] is located on the Bhavani river in [[Erode district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.erode.tn.nic.in/tourism.htm|title=Tourist Information for Erode district|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=1 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306115648/http://www.erode.tn.nic.in/tourism.htm|archive-date=6 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The dam is one of the largest [[earthen dam]]s in the world.<ref name="CSTI">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.cstibhavanisagar.org/pdf/csti/UNIQUENESS%20OF%20BHAVANISAGAR%20DAM.pdf|title=Uniqueness of Bhavanisagar dam|publisher=CSTI|access-date=1 February 2016}}</ref> The dam is situated some {{convert|16|km|abbr=on}} west of [[Sathyamangalam]] and {{convert|35|km|abbr=on}} from [[Gobichettipalayam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_resourcemgt_water_res_bhavanisagardam.pdf|title=Bhavanisagar dam|publisher=TNAU|access-date=1 February 2016}}</ref> The Lower Bhavani Project was the first major irrigation project initiated in India after independence in 1948. It was completed by 1955 and opened for use in 1956.<ref name="CSTI"/> The dam was constructed at a cost of {{INRconvert|210|m}}.<ref name="CSTI"/>

The dam is {{convert|8|km|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|40|m|abbr=on}} high. The full reservoir level is {{convert|120|ft|abbr=on}} and the dam has a capacity of {{convert|32.8|e9cuft|abbr=on}}.<ref name="CSTI"/> The dam has two [[Hydroelectricity|hydel]] [[power station]]s, one on the east bank canal and the other on the Bhavani river. Each has a capacity of {{convert|16|MW}} for a total capacity of {{convert|32|MW}}.<ref name="CSTI"/>

;Kodiveri
{{Main|Kodiveri dam}}
[[Kodiveri dam]] is located on the Bhavani River near [[Gobichettipalayam]] in Western Tamil Nadu. The dam is situated along the [[State Highway 15 (Tamil Nadu)|State Highway 15]] about {{convert|15|km|abbr=on}} from [[Gobichettipalayam]] towards [[Sathyamangalam]]. It was constructed by Kongalvan in the year 1125 CE.<ref name="Indian Archaeology, a Review"/>

==Pollution==
Industrial, municipal and [[agricultural pollution]] of the river results in poor water quality and negative impacts on the health of people, plants and animals dependent on the river water.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/Crisis/river-bhavani.htm|title=River Bhavani|publisher=rainwaterharvesting.org|access-date=8 August 2007}}</ref>

==References==
{{Commons category|Bhavani River}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Hydrography of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Bhavani River}}
{{Kaveri River}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|11|26|N|77|41|E|display=title|region:IN_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Bhavani River| ]]
[[Category:Rivers of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Rivers of Palakkad district]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian rivers]]
[[Category:Sacred rivers]]
[[Category:Rivers of India]]

Bhavani River - Revision history

UpdateBot at 07:37, 22 February 2022