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{{Hindu philosophy}}<br />
'''Bhedābheda Vedānta''' is a subschool of [[Vedānta]], which teaches that the individual self (''jīvātman'') is both different and not different from the ultimate reality known as Brahman.<br />
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==Etymology==<br />
''Bhedābheda'' ([[Devanagari]]: {{lang|sa|भेदाभेद}}) is a Sanskrit word meaning "difference and [[non-difference]]".<ref name="IEPbheda">{{cite web | title = Bhedabheda Vedanta | work = Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy | url = http://www.iep.utm.edu/bhed-ved/ | access-date = 2015-02-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150218113652/http://www.iep.utm.edu/bhed-ved/ | archive-date = 18 February 2015 | url-status = dead }}</ref><br />
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==Philosophy==<br />
The characteristic position of all the different Bhedābheda Vedānta schools is that the individual self (''jīvātman'') is both different and not different from the ultimate reality known as Brahman. Each thinker within the Bhedābheda Vedānta tradition has their own particular understanding of the precise meanings of the philosophical terms "difference" and "non-difference". Bhedābheda Vedāntic ideas can be traced to some of the very oldest Vedāntic texts, including quite possibly Bādarāyaṇa's ''Brahma Sūtra'' (c. 4th century CE).<ref name="IEPbheda" /><br />
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Bhedābheda predates the positions of two other major schools of Vedānta. The ''[[Advaita]]'' (Non-dual) Vedānta that claims that the individual self is completely identical to Brahman, and the ''[[Dvaita]]'' (Dualist) Vedānta (13th century) that teaches complete difference between the individual self and Brahman.<ref name="IEPbheda" /><br />
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==Influence==<br />
Bhedābheda ideas had an enormous influence on the devotional ([[bhakti]]) schools of India's medieval period. Among medieval Bhedābheda thinkers are:<br />
* [[Nimbarka|Nimbārka]] (13th century), who founded the Svābhābika [[Dvaitādvaita]] school.<ref>Malkovsky, ''The Role of Divine Grace in the Soteriology of Śaṃkarācārya'', Leiden: Brill, p. 118, </ref><br />
* [[Bhāskara (philosopher)|Bhāskara]] (8th and 9th centuries), who founded the Aupādhika Bhedābheda school.<ref name="IEPbheda" /><br />
* [[Caitanya]] (1485-1533), the founder of [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]] based in the eastern Indian State of [[West Bengal]] , and the theological founder of [[Achintya Bheda Abheda|Achintya Bheda Abhedavedanta]]{{sfn|Sivananda|1993|p=247-253}}<br />
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Other major names are Rāmānuja's teacher Yādavaprakāśa,<ref name="IEPbheda" /> and [[Vijnanabhiksu|Vijñānabhikṣu]] (16th century).<ref name="IEPbheda" /><br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
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==Sources==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* {{Citation | last =Sivananda | first =Swami | year =1993 | title =All About Hinduism | publisher =The Divine Life Society | url =http://www.dlshq.org/download/hinduismbk.htm}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
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==Further reading==<br />
* {{Citation | last =Nicholson | first =Andrew J. | year =2010 | title =[[Unifying Hinduism|Unifying Hinduism: Philosophy and Identity in Indian Intellectual History]] | publisher =Columbia University Press}}<br />
* Complete English Translation of ''Sri Subodhini jee'', published in ''Collected Works of Sri Vallabhcharya series'', Sri Satguru Publications<br />
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== External links ==<br />
*[http://www.iep.utm.edu/b/bhed-ved.htm Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ''Bhedabheda'']<br />
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[[Category:Vedanta]]<br />
[[Category:Bhakti movement]]<br />
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