Svetlbwz at 22:58, 22 March 2026

2026-03-22T22:58:24Z

New page

{{use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| title = Abhinava-Siddharaja Saptama-Chakravarti Bala-Narayana
| succession = King of Gujarat
| reign = 1178–1240
| predecessor = [[Mularaja II]]
| successor = [[Tribhuvanapala]]
| spouse = Liladevi and Sumaladevi
| house = [[Chaulukya]] (Solanki)
| house-type =
| father =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}

<mapframe text="[[Find spot]]s of inscriptions issued during the reign of Bhima II{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|pp=501-502}}" width="400" height="400" zoom="5" longitude="71.89" latitude="23.01">
{
"type": "FeatureCollection",
"features": [
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "[[Mount Abu|Abu]]" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [72.7156274, 24.5925909] }
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "Ahada or Ayad ([[Udaipur]])" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [73.7158921, 24.5878896] }
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "[[Girnar]] (including Neminatha Temple)" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [70.5502916, 21.5178869] }
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "[[Kadi, India|Kadi]]" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [72.3310025, 23.2978500] }
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "[[Kiradu]]" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [71.097715, 25.7528219] }
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "Nana" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [71.9034947, 23.7893157] }
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "[[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]]" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [72.1266255, 23.8493246] }
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "[[Somnath]] (Somanatha or Devapattana)" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [70.3843721, 20.9060022] }
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "Timana" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [71.9949616, 21.4282827] }
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "[[Veraval]]" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [70.3629, 20.9159] }
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "Virapura" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [73.6212417, 22.5097341] }
}
]
}
</mapframe>
'''Bhima II''' (r. 1178–1240), also known as '''Bhola Bhima''', was an Indian king from the [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukya (Solanki) dynasty]] who ruled present-day [[Gujarat]] and other territories. During his reign, the dynasty's power declined greatly as a result of rebellions by the feudatories as well as external invasions by the [[Ghurid]]s, the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]]s, and the [[Yadavas of Devagiri]]. The kingdom, however, was saved by his generals Arnoraja, Lavanaprasada and Viradhavala, whose family established the [[Vaghela dynasty]].

== Early life ==

Bhima II, also known as Bhima-deva,{{sfn|Romila Thapar|2008|pp=86-87}} was a son of the Chaulukya king [[Ajayapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Ajayapala]]. He succeeded his brother [[Mularaja II]] at a young age.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=138}} Taking advantage of his young age, some of his ''mandalika''s (provincial governors) rebelled against him in order to establish independent states. His loyal feudatory Arnoraja came to his rescue, and died fighting the rebels. Arnoraja's descendants Lavanaprasada and Viradhavala became powerful during Bhima's reign, and ultimately established the sovereign [[Vaghela dynasty]].{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=139}}

== Conflicts ==

=== Hoysalas ===

The [[Hoysala]] inscriptions claim that [[Veera Ballala II]] defeated the [[Gurjaradesa|Gurjara]] king (that is, Bhima), who had allied with other kings to unsuccessfully attack him. However, the historical accuracy of this claim is doubtful. It is possible that the Hoysalas raided the [[Lata (region)|Lata]] region in the Chaulukya territory.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=140}}

=== Yadavas of Devagiri: Bhillama ===

The [[Yadavas of Devagiri]] invaded Gujarat during Bhima's reign. The 1189 CE Mutgi inscription of the Yadava king [[Bhillama V]] states that he defeated the Gurjaras (that is, Chaulukyas of Gujarat). The [[Sundha Mata Temple|Sundha Hill]] inscription states that Bhillama was defeated by the [[Chahamanas of Naddula|Naddula Chahamana]] ruler [[Kelhana]], who was the northern feudatory of Bhima. It is possible that Bhillama advanced up to the Naddula kingdom after defeating Bhima. Another possibility is that Kelhana marched southwards in Bhima's support.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=140}}

=== Chahamanas of Shakambhari ===

During Bhima's reign, the Chaulukyas also had to fight with the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Shakambhari Chahamana]] king [[Prithviraja III]]. The legendary text ''[[Prithviraj Raso]]'' states that these kings fought two battles, one near [[Nagaur]], and another near [[Mount Abu]]. According to the 14th century chronicler Merutunga, Bhima's general Jagaddeva Pratihara was defeated in a battle against Prithviraja.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=141}}

A later recension of ''Prithviraja Raso'' contains an inaccurate legend, according to which Bhima killed Prithviraja's father [[Someshvara (Chahamana dynasty)|Someshvara]], and Prithviraja later killed Bhima. This cannot be correct, because Bhima lived for nearly half a century after Prithviraja's death.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=141}}

The Chahamanas and the Chalukyas appear to have concluded a peace treaty sometime before 1187 CE. According to the ''[[Kharatara Gaccha|Kharatara-gachchha]] [[Pattavali]]'', that year, Bhima's general Jagaddeva warned a chief named Abhayadeva not to harass pilgrims from Sapadalaksha (the Chahamana territory). He told the chief that he had just concluded a peace treaty with Prithviraja, with great difficulty.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=141}}

=== Ghurids ===
{{Main|Battle of Kasahrada (1197)}}
In 1178 CE, the [[Ghurid]] king [[Muhammad of Ghor]] invaded the Chaulukya kingdom, but was defeated. This battle took place during the reign of Bhima's predecessor [[Mularaja II]], although some Muslim chronicles wrongly assign it to Bhima's reign.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=133}}

In the mid-1190s CE, the Ghurids defeated the Chahamanas and other [[Hindu king]]s of northern India. According to the medieval Muslim historians, in 1197 CE, the Ghurid general [[Qutb al-Din Aibak]] marched to Nahrwala (that is, the Chalukya capital [[Anahilapataka]]). He defeated the Chaulukya army on 4 February 1197 CE. The 13th century Muslim historian [[Hasan Nizami]] boasts that the Chaulukyas lost 50,000 men in this battle. The 16th century chronicler [[Firishta]] gives the numbers as 15,000 killed and 20,000 captured.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=143}}

According to the Muslim chronicles, the Chaulukya army was led by Rai Karan, Wallan and Darabaras in this battle.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=143}} Darabaras can be identified with Dharavarsha, the Paramara chief of Abu, who was a feudatory of Bhima. Wallan is probably a corruption of Pahlan, which itself is a corruption of Prahaladana (the brother of Dharavarsha). The identification of Rai Karan is not certain. Some scholars have identified him with [[Kirtipala]], a ruler of the [[Chahamanas of Jalor|Javalipura Chahamana]] branch. However, this identification is not tenable on chronological grounds.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=144}} [[D. R. Bhandarkar]] identified Rai Karan as the [[Chahamanas of Naddula|Naddula Chahamana]] ruler Kelhana, but this is also chronologically incorrect, as Kelhana died around 1193 CE.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|pp=260-261}} R. B. Singh identified him as Kelhana's successor Jayatasimha.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=263}} According to the Muslim historians, Rai Karan managed to escape after the battle.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=143}}

The Ghurids then entered Anahilapataka, and plundered the town. This sacking of Anahliapataka was witnessed by the Jain scholar Jinapati Suri in 1197 CE. According to Firishta, Qutb al-Din appointed a governor in the Chaulukya capital before leaving for [[Ajmer]].{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=143}} Subsequently, the Chaulukyas restored their power in Gujarat, but there is very little information about how this happened. There are some references to Bhima's generals Lavanaprasada and Shridhara having achieved military successes against the Ghurids (called "Turushka" and "Hammira"). It is known that Bhima was in control of Anahilapataka by 1201 CE.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=145-146}}

=== Paramaras: Subhatavarman ===

The [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]]s of [[Malwa]], who had once lost their kingdom to the Chaulukyas, had managed to regain their power by the end of the 12th century. Meanwhile, the Chaulukyas had been weakened by the Ghurid attacks. Taking advantage of this situation, the Paramara king [[Subhatavarman]] successfully invaded the [[Lata (region)|Lata]] region around 1204 CE. He probably also sacked the Chaulukya capital Anahilapataka.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=146}}

The 14th century writer Merutunga claims that the Paramara king retreated from the Gujarat border after Bhima's minister recited a verse warning him of reprisals. But this is not supported by historical evidence. According to the Gujarat chronicles, Subhatavarman occupied Darbhavati (present-day [[Dabhoi]]) for some time.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=147}} [[Muhammad Aufi]], in his ''[[Jawami ul-Hikayat]]'', states that the Paramara king plundered cities of Gujarat; Hindu temples as well as places of worship of other religious communities were affected.{{sfn|Iqtidar Husain Siddiqi|2010|p=91|ps=: Neither Hindu temples nor the places of worship of other communities were spared.}} Subhatavarman is believed to have destroyed a mosque in [[Khambat]], built for the [[Indian Ocean trade|Arab traders]].{{sfn|Romila Thapar|2008|p=225}} According to the poet Arisimha, he also removed the gold [[kalasha|pitchers]] from the Vaidyanatha temple of Darbhavati.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=147}}

The Chaulukya general Shridhara repulsed Subhatavarman's attack. His Devapattana ''[[prashasti]]'' inscription suggests that he successfully defended his fort (near [[Somnath Temple|Somnath]]) against a Paramara siege.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=147}} The Chaulukya general Lavanaprasada probably forced Subhatavarman to abandon his campaign. His Dabhoi ''prashasti'' inscription, composed by the poet [[Someshvara (13th-century poet)|Someshvara]], states that he was like a repository of medicine against the disease-resembling invaders, which included the ruler of [[Dhara (city)|Dhara]] (the Paramara capital). Another poet Balachandra names Lavanaprasada's adversary as Sribhata of Malwa, who has been identified as Subhatavarman.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=148}}

=== Usurpation by Jayantasimha ===

Sometime during 1205-1210 CE, an usurper named Jayanta-Simha (Jayasimha) occupied Bhima's capital, [[Anahilapataka]]. Bhima managed to drive him out only during 1223-1226 CE. Jayantasimha was a part of the Chaulukya family, and traced his ancestry to the dynasty's founder [[Mularaja]].{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=160-161}}

=== Paramaras: Arjunavarman ===

The usurper Jayanta-Simha was defeated by [[Arjunavarman]], the son and successor of Subhatavarman. Like his father, Arjunavarman also invaded Gujarat sometime before 1211 CE. Merutunga calls him the "destroyer of Gujarat". A [[Bhopal]] inscription indicates that he had reached [[Bharuch]] by 1213 CE. The Dhar ''prashasti'' inscription states that he defeated Jayanta-Simha in the Parva mountain valley (possibly [[Pavagadh]]). It also states that Arjuna captured Jayanta's daughter Jayashri, and fell in love with her. According to historian A. K. Majumdar, this suggests that Jayanta made peace with the Paramaras through a marriage alliance.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=148}}

=== Yadavas of Devagiri: Simhana ===

The [[Lata (region)|Lata]] (southern Gujarat) region was repeatedly attacked by the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]]s and the [[Yadavas of Devagiri]] during Bhima's reign. It came under the control of a chief named Simha, who was initially allied to the Paramaras. A 1200 CE inscription of the Yadava king [[Jaitugi]] states that he defeated the Gurjaras, which probably refers to his invasion of Lata. The Paramaras abandoned Simha during the Yadava invasion, so he turned to the Chaulukyas for help. During his 1213 CE invasion, the Paramara king Arjunavarman may have replaced Simha with the latter's nephew Shankha (alias Sangrama-Simha). Shankha repulsed a Yadava invasion of the region.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|pp=149-150}}

Jaitugi's son [[Simhana]] invaded Gujarat multiple times. In an inscription, his general Kholeshvara claims to have humbled the pride of the Gurjaras. The first invasion of Simhana probably took place around 1229 CE. According to the Chaulukya accounts, Lavanaprasada concluded a peace treaty with Simhana, because he needed to visit [[Marwar]] to quell a rebellion. It appears that Lavanaprasada sent an army under his son Viradhavala to raid the Yadava territory, because of which Simhana was forced to agree to a peace treaty.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|pp=149-152}}

After Lavanaprasada departed to Marwar, Shankha attacked [[Khambhat]], but was defeated by the Chaulukya general [[Vastupala]]. Shankha then tried to instigate Simhana to launch a fresh attack on Gujarat. According to the Chaulukya accounts, the Chaulukya spies created a rift between the Shankha and Simhana. Shankha ultimately submitted to the Chaulukya general Viradhavala.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=149}}

The Chaulukyas were in control of the Lata region by 1231-1232 CE, when it was being governed by Lavanaprasada's grandson Visaladeva. Around 1237 CE, Simhana sent another army under Kholeshvara's son Rama to attack Gujarat. Visaladeva repulsed this attack, and Rama was killed in a battle fought on the banks of the [[Narmada River]].{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|pp=149-153}}

=== Rebellion in the north ===

The Chaulukya feudatories in the northern region of [[Marwar]] rebelled twice during Bhima's reign, and both times, Bhima's army was facing the Yadava invasions from the south. The first rebellion involved four feudatories, who were subdued by Lavanaprasada and Viradhavala.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=155}} The second rebellion involved three feudatories: Udayasimha (probably [[Udayasimha]], the [[Chahamanas of Jalor|Chahamana]] chief of [[Jalore|Javalipura]]), Somasimha and Dharavarsha (Paramara chief of Abu).{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|pp=155-156}}

The [[Guhilas of Medapata]] (Guhilots of [[Mewar]]) also rebelled against Bhima sometime between 1207 and 1227 CE, and declared their independence.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=156}}

=== Pithadeva's invasion of Kutch ===

According to the medieval text ''Jagadu-Charita'', Pithadeva of Para invaded the [[Kutch district|Kutch]] region during Bhima's reign. A merchant named [[Jagadu]] sought help from Lavanaprasada, who dispatched an army that defeated Pithadeva. The identity of Pithadeva is not certain, but he was probably a [[Soomra dynasty|Soomra]] ruler of [[Nagarparkar]], who is variously called Pithu, Pahtu or Phatu by the Muslim chroniclers.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=160}}

== Personal life ==
Two queens of Bhima are known: Liladevi and Sumaladevi.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=167}} Liladevi was the daughter of [[Samarasimha|Samara-Simha]], the [[Chahamanas of Jalor|Chahamana]] ruler of [[Jalore|Javalipura]], as attested by the 1205 [[Kadi, India|Kadi]] inscription.{{sfn|Ashok Kumar Srivastava|1979|p=11}}

According to the medieval chronicles, Bhima was a charitable person. He assumed the titles ''Abhinava-Siddharaja'', ''Saptama-Chakravarti'' and ''Bala-Narayana''.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=167}}

==Temples==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Navlakha arial view 02.jpg|[[Navlakha Temple, Ghumli]]
File:Harshad Temple (On Hill).jpg|Harshad Mata Temple on hill near Miani
File:Temple of Rama Laxman, View from sea side.jpg|[[Rama Lakshamana Temple, Baradia]]
File:Rukmini Devi Temple.JPG|[[Rukmini Devi Temple]], Dwarka
File:Bawka.jpg|[[Shiva Temple, Bavka]], Panchmahal
</gallery>
The temple construction activity had declined significantly during his time. According to two inscriptions, he built a ''mandapa'' called Meghanada or Meghadhvani in front of [[Somnath temple|Somnath]] in 1217 CE. The temples of Bhimeshwara and Lileshwara were built by him in 1207 CE for the merits of his queen Lilavati at Lilapura, a town founded after her name. Lavanaprasada founded Salakshanapura, named after her mother, in Gambhuta district and built Analeshwara and Salakshaneshwara temples. His other queen Sumaladevi, daughter of Lavanaprasada, also built Sumaleshwara sometime before 1239 CE according to the Chusadi grant. Prahladana, brother of Paramara Dharavarsha of Abu, founded Prahladanapur ([[Palanpur]]) in 1218 and built Prahladana-vihara dedicated to Pallaviya [[Parshwanatha]]. Tripurantaka, a Shaivaite abbot built five temples at Somnath.<ref name="Dhaky1961">{{cite journal|first=Madhusudan A.|last=Dhaky|author-link=Madhusudan Dhaky|year=1961|editor-last=Deva|editor-first=Krishna|title=The Chronology of the Solanki Temples of Gujarat|url=http://vmis.in/Resources/digital_publication_popup?id=136#page/68|journal=Journal of the Madhya Pradesh Itihas Parishad|publisher=Madhya Pradesh Itihas Parishad|location=[[Bhopal]]|volume=3|pages=62–66, 80–81}}</ref>

The extant temples of his period include Nilkantha Mahadeva Temple (1204 CE) at Miani, Harshad Mata temple on the hill opposite creek near Miani, the temple complex of Muladwarka at Visavada. The [[Navlakha Temple, Ghumli|Navlakha Temple]] of Ghumli is the best surviving example. Other temples include [[Rama Lakshamana Temple, Baradia|Rama Lakshamana Temple at Baradia]] in Okhamandal, [[Rukmini Devi Temple|Rukmini Temple in Dwarka]] and the ruined [[Shiva Temple, Bavka|Shiva temple of Bavka]] in [[Dahod district]]. The ''mandapa'' was added to Vaidyanath Mahadeva temple at [[Vadali, Gujarat|Vadali]]. The surviving ''mandapa'' of Parshwanatha temple at Ghumli is contemporary of Navlakha Temple. The ruined Cheleshwar temple on the hills there is also of this period.<ref name="Dhaky1961"/> The Vikia and Jetha stepwells near Navlakha Temple, Ghumli belonged to the 13th century. The Gyan stepwell near Visavada village in the Barda hills is ascribed to the time of Bhima II. The ruined stepwell of nearby Keshav village is of the same period.{{sfn | The Stepwells of Gujarat: In Art-historical Perspective | 1981 |page=22}}

== Last days ==

Bhima's general Lavanaprasada and his son Viradhavala established the [[Vaghela dynasty]], which replaced the Chaulukyas in Gujarat some years after Bhima's death. According to the poet Someshvara, the goddess Gurjara-raja-lakshmi appeared in Lavanaprasada's dream, and ordered him to save the kingdom that had been decaying under the inexperienced king Bhima. Someshvara himself convinced Lavanaprasada to obey the divine order to save his motherland.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=161}} Another poet Arisimha claims that the deceased Chaulukya king [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]] appeared in Bhima's dream, and advised the young king to appoint Lavanaprasada as ''Sarveshvara'' (chief lord) and Viradhavala as ''yuvaraja'' ([[heir apparent]]), in order to propagate the [[Jainism|Jain faith]]. Yet another writer Udayaprabha claims that Bhima himself entrusted his kingdom to Lavanaprasada, because Lavanaprasada's father Arnoraja had made him the king by defeating the rebellious feudatories.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=162}}

Of all these writers, Someshvara was the most knowledgeable about the contemporary affairs. The "divine-order-in-a-dream" was a favourite device of the contemporary poets to justify the reprehensible actions of their patrons. Therefore, it appears that Lavanaprasada usurped the power from Bhima.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|pp=162-163}} By 1231 CE (1288 [[Vikram Samvat|VS]]), Lavanaprasada had assumed the title ''[[Maharajadhiraja]]'' ("king of great kings") and Viradhavala was called a ''[[Maharaja]]'' ("great king"), as attested by multiple [[Girnar]] inscriptions. However, the two continued to nominally acknowledge Bhima (and his successor [[Tribhuvanapala]]) as their overlord.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=163-164}}

==In popular culture==
* 2006–2009: ''[[Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan]]'', broadcast by [[Star Plus]], where Bhima was portrayed by [[Chetan Hansraj]].

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Asoke Kumar Majumdar |title=Chaulukyas of Gujarat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffAdAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |year=1956 |oclc=4413150 }}
* {{cite book |author=Ashok Kumar Srivastava |title=The Chahamanas of Jalor |publisher=Sahitya Sansar Prakashan |year=1979 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.547206 |oclc=12737199 }}
* {{cite book |author=Iqtidar Husain Siddiqi |title=Indo-Persian Historiography Up to the Thirteenth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJbmTL8svpwC&pg=PA91 |year=2010 |publisher=Primus Books |isbn=978-81-908918-0-6 }}
* {{cite book |author=R. B. Singh |title=History of the Chāhamānas |publisher=N. Kishore |year=1964 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKs9AAAAIAAJ |oclc=11038728 }}
* {{cite book |author=Romila Thapar |title=Somanatha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZZ8T8tZc4YC&pg=PA225 |year=2008 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-306468-8 }}
* {{cite book|author=Jutta Jain-Neubauer|title=The Stepwells of Gujarat: In Art-historical Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=61fSwBF4bbYC|year=1981|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-0-391-02284-3|pages=19–24| ref={{sfnref | The Stepwells of Gujarat: In Art-historical Perspective| 1981}}}}
{{refend}}

{{Chaulukya dynasty}}

[[Category:Chaulukya kings]]
[[Category:12th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:13th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Chaulukya dynasty]]

Bhima II - Revision history

Svetlbwz at 22:58, 22 March 2026