Sougataghosh at 14:31, 5 January 2026

2026-01-05T14:31:30Z

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{{Short description|Hindustani raga}}
{{for-multi|the demonym|Bhopal|other uses|Bhopali (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox raga
| name = Bhoopali
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| thaat = [[Kalyan (thaat)|Kalyan]]
| type = Audava
| time = Early night, 7-9 PM
| season =
| arohana =S R G P D S'
| avarohana =S' D P G R S
| vadi = G
| samavadi = D
| pakad = {{ubl|S R G R S D1 S R G
| S R G R S D1 S R G P G D P G R S
| G R P G G R S R D1 S
| G R S D1 S R G R P G D P G R S}}
| chalan = {{ubl|S R G R S D1 S R G
| S R G R S D1 P1
| P1 D1 S R G R G
| S R P G
| G R S R G P
| G P D P D D S’
| P G P D P D S’ R’ G’ R’ G’
| G’ R’ S’ D P G R S}}
| synonym = {{ubl|Bhup|Bhup Kalyan}}
| equivalent = {{ubl|[[Mohanam]] | [[Major pentatonic scale]]}}
| similar =
}}
{{Hindustani Classical Music}}

'''Bhoopali''', also known as ''Bhoop'', ''Bhopali,'' or ''Bhupali'', is a [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical]] [[raga]]. Bhupālī, is a raag in [[Kalyan Thaat]]. It is a pentatonic scale (uses 5 notes in ascending and descending scale).<ref name="Menon 1973 p. 50">{{cite book |last=Menon |first=R.R. |title=Discovering Indian Music |publisher=Somaiya Publications |year=1973 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AuUXAQAAIAAJ |access-date=26 May 2021 |pages=50 |quote=Some prefer the first Raga to be pentatonic in scale. Let us take for an example, the pentatonic Bhoopali. Its notes are: SA RI GA PA DHA SA up and down the scale.}}</ref> Most of the songs in this raga are based on Bhakti rasa. Since it uses 5 notes, belongs to the "Audav jaati" of ragas.

The same raga in [[Carnatic music]] is known as [[Mohanam]].

Raga Bhoopali, [[Raga Yaman]], and [[Raga Bhairav]] tend to be the three basic ragas of Hindustani music, learned first by its students.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pathak Yajurvedi |first1=Dr. Sarita |title=Lecture – Raag Bhopali (Edusat) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ORL5A4WraCo |website=www.youtube.com |publisher=Bharti College, University of Delhi |access-date=5 December 2016 |archive-date=19 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219164533/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ORL5A4WraCo |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Theory ==
[[File:Raga Bhoopali - Rudra Veena - Madhuvanti Pal.webm|thumb|[[Madhuvanti Pal]] plays raag Bhoopali on [[rudra veena]]]] Karhade (2011) explains that raga Bhopali consists of just 5 notes - सा रे ग प ध (sa, re, ga, pa and dha).<ref name="kar">{{cite web |last1=Karhade |first1=Aradhana |title=Raag Bhopali (Uploaded 20 January 2011) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VV-DgnPPhSo |website=www.youtube.com |publisher=Karhade, A |access-date=5 December 2016 |archive-date=4 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004195055/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VV-DgnPPhSo |url-status=live }}</ref>
It does not use Ma (also called Madhyam) and Ni (also called Nishadh).<ref name="kar" /> It is said that the absence of Ni (representative of physical pleasure) and Ma (representative of loving) means this raga is about non-attachment.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Rāgas of Northern Indian music |last=Alain |first=Daniélou |date=2014 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |others=Daniélou, Alain. |isbn=978-81-215-0225-2 |edition=2014 |location=New Delhi |oclc=39028809}}</ref>

The Introduction consists of two parts – ''Aaroh'' आरोह (where the notes are simply recited on an ascending scale) and ''Avaroha'' (where the notes are simply recited on a descending order)<ref name="kar" />

Thereafter, with these same five notes, different combinations are made by the singer, similar to short phrases, also called "chalan".<ref name="kar" />

=== Aroha and avaroha ===
The scale of ''Bhopali'' uses only ''Shuddh'' [[swara]]s.
* [[Arohana|Aroha]] (ascent): Sa Re Ga Pa Dha Sa'
* [[Avaroha]] (descent): Sa'! Dha Pa Ga Re Sa

=== Vadi and samavadi ===
* [[Vadi (Hindustani classical music)|Vadi]]
Gandhar – ga

* [[Samavadi]]
Dhaivat – Dha

=== Alap ===

# S, D1 D1...S, R - - S...D1 S..., D1 - - - P1, S - - - D1 S - - D1 P1, P1 D1, D1 D1 S
<ref name=":0" />

=== Pakad and chalan ===
The Pakad (catchphrase that often helps in identifying a raga) is:

S R G R S D1 S R G

or:

S R G R S D1 S R G P G D P G R S

or:

G R P G G R S R D1 S

or:

G R S D1 S R G R P G D P G R S

or:

G R P G S R D1 S

Some chalans (elaborations of the pakad) are:

# S R G R S D1 S R G
# S R G R S D1 P1
# P1 D1 S R G R G
# S R P G
# G R S R G P
# G P D P D D S’
# P G P D P D S’ R’ G’ R’ G’
# G’ R’ S’ D P G R S

Note: Normally written swaras (individual notes) indicate the middle octave. A swara immediately followed by '''1''' indicates the ''mandra saptak'' (lower octave) and ''' ' ''' indicates the ''taar saptak'' (higher octave).

A few movements in Bhopali are important to note. There is typically a slide when descending between Sa and Dha, as well as between Pa and Ga. These slides parallel each other and can be used to create a symmetry about how the Swaras are developed. Also, many performers will bring out the ''Kalyan'' flavor of Bhopali by using ''{{lang|hi-Latn|abhasi}}'' of the notes {{lang|hi-Latn|Shuddha}} Ni and {{lang|hi-Latn|Tivra}} Ma. That is to say, these notes are only vaguely suggested in passing ornaments, not actually sung for long enough for the Swara to become a clear part of the Raga. Some examples would be:

(N<sub>1</sub>)D<sub>1</sub> S

P(m)P(m) D P

where the notes in parentheses are connected by slides or sung as ''meend''.

=== Bandish ===

This [[bandish]] is bound with [[Teental|Teentaal]] (16 beats).

1 2 3 4 | 5 6 7 8 | 9 10 11 12 | 13 14 15 16 |

[[Asthayi]]:

D S D2 P | G2 R2 S R2 |

G2 _ G2 P | G2 R2 S _ |

S R2 G2 P | R2 G2 P D2 |

G2 P D2 P | G2 R2 S _ |

[[Antara (music)|Antara]]:

G2 _ G2 G2 |P _ D2 P |

S' _ S' S' |D3 R3 S' _|

G3 G3 R3 S'|R3 R3 S' D3|

S' _ D2 P |G2 R2 S _|

The Asthayi starts with the 9th beat.

== Organisation and relationships ==

Raga Bhoopali belongs to the [[Kalyan (thaat)|Kalyan]] Thaat.

Related ragas: Deshkar (a pentatonic raga belonging to the Bilawal Thaat with the same scale as Bhoopali). Shuddha Kalyan is another similar raga.

=== Samay (Time) ===
First part of night. 7-9

=== Rasa ===
''Bhakti Rasa'' (Devotional)

The essence from the raga evokes the Shanti [[Rasa (aesthetics)|Rasa]] – peaceful and calming.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Shastriya Raag Darshan |last=Yagnik |first=Hasu |publisher=Gurjar Granthratna Karyalay |year=2013 |isbn=978-81-8480-826-1}}</ref>

The Rasa can also be called Shanta Rasa

=== Film songs ===

Bhoopali is a popular raga used in [[Indian folk music|Indian folk]] songs, and thus in Hindi and other regional film songs.<ref name="kar" />

[[Hindi]]:
* "Jyoti Kalash Chhalake" (''[[Bhabhi Ki Chudiyan]]'') (1961)
* "Pankh Hote To Ud Aati Re" (''[[Sehra (film)|Sehra]]'') (1963)
* "Main Jahaan Rahoon" (''[[Namastey London]]'') (2007)
* "Dil Hoom Hoom Kare" (''[[Rudaali]]'') (1993)
* "Sayonara Sayonara" (''[[Love in Tokyo]]'') (1966)
* "Dekha ek khwaab to yeh silsile hue" (''[[Silsila (1981 film)|Silsila]]'') (1981)<ref>{{cite web |title=Songs based on Raaga Bhopali |url=http://www.soundofindia.com/raaga_details.asp?raaga=17 |website=www.soundofindia.com |publisher=Sound of India |access-date=5 December 2016 |archive-date=6 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106035057/http://www.soundofindia.com/raaga_details.asp?raaga=17 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* "Aayat" (''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'') (2015)
* "Neel Gagan Ki Chaanv men" (''[[Amrapali (film)|Amrapali]]'') (1966)

[[Marathi language|Marathi]]:
* "Ghanashyama Sundara" (''[[Amar Bhoopali]]'') (1951)
* "Dehaachi Tijori" (''[[Aamhi Jato Amuchya Gava]]'') (1951)
* "sujana kasā mana corī" (''[[Sangeet Natak]]'')
* "śarayū tīrāvarī ayodhyā" (''[[Geet Ramayan]]'')

[[Kannada language|Kannada]]:
* "Malgudi Days Theme Music"
* "Mohana Muraliya Naada Leelege"
* "Olave Jeevana Saakshaatkaara"
* "Bellane Belagayitu"
* "Aashaadha Maasa Bandeetavva"
* "Belliya Raja Baaro Kullara Raja Baa"
* "Utthunga Naadininda Ondu Hudugi (Folk)"
* "Nigi Ningee Ningi Ningee"
* "Hottito Hottitu Kannadada Deepa"
* "Udayavaagali Namma Cheluva Kannada Naadu"
* "Bayaside Ninnanu Bhaavada Melake"
* "Ellaadaru Iru, Entaadaru Iru"
* "Karunaalu Baa Belake"
* "Tungaa Teeradi Ninta Suyativara"
* "Teraa Yeri Ambaradaage"
* "Tunturu Alli Neera Haadu"
* "Sarasada Ee Prati Nimisha"
* "Amara Madhura Prema"
* "Malli Malli Minchulli"
* "Nanna Aase Hannaagi Nanna Baala Kannaade"
* "Innu Hattiraa Hattiraa Baruveya"
* "Radha Madhava Vinoda Haasa"
* "Yaava Janmada Maitri"
* "Kogile O Kogile"
* "Naliyutaa Hrudaya Haadanu Haadide"
* "Kogileye Kshemave"
* "Santasa Araluva Samaya"
* "Doni Sagali Munde Hogali"
* "Mudala Maneya Muttina Neerina"
* "Appaa I Love You Paa"
* "Jenina Holeyo Haalina Maleyo"
* "Naavaaduva Nudiye"
* "Om Karadi Kande"
* "Neela Megha Gaali Beesi"
* "Ee Hasiru Siriyali Manavu Mereyali"
* "Ee Sambhaashane"
* "Baanallu Neene Bhuviyallu Neene"
* "Yogi Manege Bandaa"
* "Mella Mellane Bandane"
* "Jayatu Jaya Viththala"
* "O Pandu Ranga Prabho Viththala"
* "Avatarisu Baa Narayana"
* "Pillangoviya"

=== Tamil movie songs in Mohanam ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Song
! Movie
! Lyricist
! Composer
! Singer
|-
|''Giridhara Gopala''
| Meera
|
| S. V. Venkatraman
| M. S. Subbulakshmi
|-
|''Thillai Ambala Nadaraajaa''
| [[Soubhagyavathi]]
|[[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]]
|[[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|''Nilavum Malarum''
|[[Then Nilavu]]
|rowspan=4|[[Kannadasan]]
|[[A. M. Rajah]]
|[[A. M. Rajah]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| ''Aarumugamana Porul''
| Kandhan Karunai
| rowspan="3"|[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|[[S. Janaki]], Rajalakshmi
|-
| ''Om Namasivaya''
| [[Thiruvilaiyadal]]
|[[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| ''Malargal Nanaindhana''
| Idhaya Kamalam
| rowspan="4"|[[P. Susheela]]
|-
| ''Velli Mani Oosaiyil''
| Iru Malargal
| [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
| rowspan="9"|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|-
| ''Chittukuruvikenna''
| Saavale Samali
|rowspan="3"| [[Kannadasan]]
|-
| ''Iraivan Varuvan''
| Shanthi Nilayam
|-
|''Yaumuna Nadhi Inge''
| Gowaravam
| S. P. Balasubramaniam, P. Susheela
|-
| ''Sangey Mozhangu''
| Kalangarai Vilakam
| [[Bharathidasan]]
| P. Susheela, Seerkazhi Govindarajan
|-
| ''Thanga Thoniyile''
| rowspan="2"|Ulagam Sutrum Vaaliban
| rowspan="3"|Vaali
| [[K. J. Yesudas]], P. Susheela
|-
| ''Bansaye''
| T. M. Soundarajan, [[L. R. Easwari]]
|-
| ''Kadaloram Vaangiya Kaatru''
| Rickshawkaaran
|rowspan="2"| T. M. Soundarajan
|-
|''Vanda naal mudhal''
| Paavamannippu
|rowspan=3|[[Kannadasan]]
|-
|'' Thiruchendoorin Kadalorathil Senthilnaathan''
|[[Dheivam]]
|[[Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]]
|-
|''Neelakkadalin Oratthil''
|[[Annai Velankanni]]
|[[G. Devarajan]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Madhuri]]
|-
|''Oru Kadhal Samrajyam''
|[[Nandha En Nila]]
|
|[[V. Dakshinamoorthy]]
|[[P. Jayachandran]], [[T. K. Kala]]
|-
| ''Ninu Kori Varnam Isaithida''
| Agni Natchatram
|
|rowspan="13"| [[Illayaraja]]
|Chitra
|-
|''Kanmaniye Kadhal Enbadhu''
| Aarilirunthu Arubathu Varai
|
| rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], S. Janaki
|-
|''Nilavu thoongum''
| Kungumachimizh
|
|-
|''Iru Paravaigal''
|[[Niram Maratha Pookal]]
|
|Jency
|-
|''Meenkodi Theril ''
| Karumbhu Vil
|
|[[K.J. Yesudas]], [[Jency Anthony]]
|-
|''Vaan Pole Vannam''
| Salangai Oli
| [[Vairamuthu]]
| S. P. Balasubhramaniam, S. P. Sailaja
|-
|'' Oru Thanga Rathathil''
| Dharma Yutham
|
| Malaysia Vasudevan
|-
| ''Kannan Oru kaikulanthai''
| Bhadrakali
|
| KJ Yesudas, P Susheela
|-
| ''Kaathirunthen Thaniye''
| [[Rasa Magan]]
|
| Chandrasekar, Srilekha
|-
| ''Sreeramane Unnai''
| [[Kangalin Vaarthaigal]]
|
|[[K. S. Chithra]], [[Illayaraja]]
|-
|'' Oru Raagam''
| [[Anandha Ragam]]
|rowspan=2|[[Gangai Amaran]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|'' Geetham Sangeetham''
| Kokarako
|rowspan="4"| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|''Poovil Vandu''
| Kaadhal Oviyam
|[[Vairamuthu]]
|-
|''Ravi varman oviyamo''
| Puthu vayal
|
| Aravinth
|-
|''Sivappu Lolaku''
|rowspan=2|Kaadhal Kottai
|
|rowspan="5"|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|-
|'' Vellarika''
|
| Krishnaraj
|-
|''Nepala Malaiyoram''
| Thaikulame Thaikulame
|
| S. P. Balasubhramaniam, Swarnalatha
|-
|'' Priya Priya''
| Kattabomman (film)
|
|rowspan=2|S. P. Balasubhramaniam, K.S.Chitra
|-
|''Thoonganakuruvi''
| Jallikattu kalai
|
|-
|Kadhal Kaditham
|[[Cheran Pandiyan]]
|colspan=2 style="text-align: center;"|[[Soundaryan]]
|[[S.A. Rajkumar]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
| ''Boom Boom''
| Boys
|rowspan=2|[[Kabilan (lyricist)|Kabilan]]
| rowspan="8"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
| Adnan Sami, Sadhana Sargam
|-
| ''Ennodu Nee Irundhaal''
| [[I (2015 film)|I]]
| [[Sid Sriram]], [[Sunitha Sarathy]]

|-
| ''Porale Ponnuthayi''
| [[Karuthamma]]
| rowspan=9|[[Vairamuthu]]
| [[Unni Menon]], [[Sujatha Mohan]], [[Swarnalatha]](Pathos)(Won National Award)
|-
|''Madrasai Suthi''
(Ragamalika:Mohanam, Punnagavarali)
| [[May Maadham]]
| [[Shahul Hameed]], [[Swarnalatha]], [[G. V. Prakash]] & [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]]
|-
| ''Pakkada Pakkade''
| [[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]]
| Minmini
|-
| ''Varayo Thozhi''
| [[Jeans (film)|Jeans]]
| Sonu Nigam, Harini
|-
| ''Samba Samba''
| [[Love Birds (1996 film)|Love Birds]]
| Aslam Mustafa
|-
| ''Kannai Katti Kollathey''
| [[Iruvar]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
|''Poi Solla Poren''
|[[Thiruttu Payale]]
|[[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]]
|[[KK (singer)|KK]], Kanmani
|-
|''Oru Kathal Enpathu''
|[[Chinna Thambi Periya Thambi]]
|[[Gangai Amaran]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|''Chinnapattam Poochi''
|[[Sugamana Sumaigal]]
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|[[K. S. Chithra]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
|''Kaalai Neeye''
|[[Kaalaiyum Neeye Maalaiyum Neeye]]
|[[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
|[[Devendran]]
|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|''Malaiya Kodainju Pathaya Amaichen''
|[[Pudhu Padagan]]
|colspan=2 style="text-align: center;"|[[Kalaipuli S. Thanu|S. Thanu]]
|rowspan=2|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Unnai Ninachi
|[[Avathara Purushan]]
|
|rowspan=3|[[Sirpy]]
|-
|Mudhal Mudhalai
|[[Varushamellam Vasantham]]
|
|[[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
|-
|Pottu Mela Pottu
|[[Janakiraman]]
|
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
|Mainaave Mainaave
|[[Thithikudhe]]
|
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|[[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
|Rosave Rosave
|[[Ellaichami]]
|[[Pulamaipithan]]
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|[[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|'' Maname Thottal''
| Thottachinungi
|
| Phillip Jerry
|rowspan=2|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Kadhalithal Anandham
|[[Style (2002 film)|Style]]
|
|[[Bharani (composer)|Bharani]]
|-
|Uchi Mudhal
|[[Sukran]]
|colspan=2 style="text-align: center;"|[[Vijay Antony]]
|Timmy, Gayathri
|-
|Engeyum Kadhal
|[[Engeyum Kadhal]]
|[[Thamarai]]
|[[Harris Jayaraj]]
|[[Aalap Raju]], [[Devan Ekambaram]], [[Ranina Reddy]]
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Malayalam movie songs in Mohanam (Selected)
|-
! Song !! Movie !! Lyricist !! Composer !! singer(s)
|-
| Malini nadiyil || Sakunthala || Vayalar Ramavarma || G Devarajan || KJ Yesudas, P Suseela
|-
| Manjalayil mungi thorthi || Kalithozhan || P Bhaskaran || G Devarajan || P Jayachandran
|-
| Manjani Poonilaav || Nagarame Nandi || P Bhaskaran || K Raghavan || S Janaki
|-
| Suprabhatham (neelagiriyude) || Panitheeratha Veedu || Vayalar Ramavarma|| MS Viswanathan || P Jayachandran
|-
| Chandrikayilaliyunnu || Bharyamar Sookshikkuka || Sreekumaran Thampi || V Dakshinamoorthy || KJ Yesudas, P Leela, AM Raja
|-
| Pournami Chandrika || Rest House || Sreekumaran Thampi || MK Arjunan || KJ Yesudas
|-
| Madhuchandrikayude || Anachadanam || Vayalar Ramavarma || G Devarajan || P Jayachandran
|-
| Swargaputhri Navarathri || Nizhalattam || Vayalar Ramavarma || G Devarajan || KJ Yesudas
|-
| Guruvayurambala Nadayil || Othenante makan || Vayalar Ramavarma || G Devarajan || KJ Yesudas
|-
| Ezharapponnana purath || Akkarappacha || Vayalar Ramavarma || G Devarajan || P Madhuri
|-
| Nin maniyarayile || CID Nazir || Sreekumaran Thampi || MK Arjunan || P Jayachandran
|-
| Arivin Nilave || Rajashilpi || ONV Kurup || Raveendran || KS Chithra
|-
| Etho nidrathan || Ayal Katha Ezhuthukayanu || Kaithapram || Raveendran || KJ Yesudas
|-
| Maarikkuliril neela thulasi || Kouravar || Kaithapram || SP Venkitesh || KJ Yesudas, KS Chithra
|-
| Chandanalepa Sugandham || Oru vadakkan veeragatha || K Jayakumar || Ravi Bombay || KJ Yesudas
|-
| Aareyum Bhava gayakan aakkum || Nakhakshathangal || ONV Kurup || Ravi Bombay || KJ Yesudas
|-
| Maayaponmane || Thalayanamanthram || Kaithapram || Johnson || KS Chithra
|-
| Manje vaa madhuvidhu vela || Thusharam || Yousuf Ali Kechery || Shyam || KJ Yesudas, SP Balasubrahmaniam
|-
| Thaara noopuram chaarthi || Sopanam || Kaithapram || SP Venkitesh || KJ Yesudas, Manju Menon
|-
| Mouliyil mayilpeeli || Nandanam || Gireesh Puthenchery || Raveendran || KS Chithra
|-
| Ponkasavu njoriyum || joker || Yousuf Ali Kechery || Mohan Sithara || P Jayachandran, KS Chithra
|-
| Parvanendu mukhi || Parinayam || Yousuf Ali Kechery || Ravi Bombay || KS Chithra
|-
| Kaliveedurangiyallo || Deshadanam || Kaithapram || Kaithapram || KJ Yesudas
|-
| Aakasha neelima || Kayyum thalayum purathidaruth || Mullanezhi || Raveendran || KJ Yesudas
|-
| Nee en sarga soundaryame || Kathodu kathoram || ONV kurupp || Ouseppachan || KJ Yesudas, Lathika
|}

== See also ==
* [[Durga (raga)|Durga]]
* [[Shivaranjani]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070514235610/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_others_samay_index.html SRA on Samay and Ragas]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070514234610/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_raga/sra_raga_that/sra_raga_that_index.html SRA on Ragas and Thaats]
* [http://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/bhoopali/ Rajan Parrikar on Ragas]

{{Rāgas as per Performance Time}}

[[Category:Hindustani ragas]]

Bhoopali - Revision history

Sougataghosh at 14:31, 5 January 2026