Chakravarthy at 15:24, 22 October 2025

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{{Other places|Bhawanipur (disambiguation){{!}}Bhawanipur}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2006}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement



|name = Bhowanipore
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|settlement_type = Neighbourhood in Kolkata (Calcutta) 
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|subdivision_type = Country
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|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
|subdivision_type2 = City
|subdivision_name2 = [[Kolkata]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]]
|subdivision_type4 = [[Kolkata Metro|Metro Station]]
|subdivision_name4 = [[Rabindra Sadan metro station|Rabindra Sadan]], [[Netaji Bhavan metro station|Netaji Bhavan]] and [[Jatin Das Park metro station|Jatin Das Park]]
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|seat_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
|seat = [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]]
|parts_type = [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation|KMC]] wards
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|parts = [[Ward No. 70, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|70]], [[Ward No. 71, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|71]], [[Ward No. 72, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|72]], [[Ward No. 73, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|73]]
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|timezone = IST
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|coordinates = {{coord|22.534|N|88.346|E|region:IN-WB|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type = PIN
|postal_code = 700 020
|area_code = +91 33
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Kolkata Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Dakshin]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Bhabanipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Bhabanipur]]
|website =
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}}
'''Bhowanipore''' (also '''Bhowanipur'''; {{langx|bn|ভবানীপুর}}) is a neighbourhood of [[South Kolkata]] in [[Kolkata district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==History==
In 1717, the [[East India Company]] obtained the right to rent from 38 villages surrounding their settlement from the [[Mughal emperors|Mughal emperor]] [[Farrukhsiyar]]. Of these, 5 lay across the [[Hooghly River|Hooghly]] in what is now Howrah district. The remaining 33 villages were on the Calcutta side. After the fall of [[Siraj-ud-daulah]], the last independent [[Nawab of Bengal]], it purchased these villages in 1758 from [[Mir Jafar]], and reorganised them. These villages were known en-bloc as ''[[Dihi Panchannagram]]'' and Bhowanipore was one of them. It was considered to be a suburb beyond the limits of the [[Maratha Ditch]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1916_PART_A_DCHB_KOLKATA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Kolkata, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Pages 6-10: The History | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 20 February 2018}}</ref><ref>Cotton, H.E.A., ''Calcutta Old and New'', first published 1909/reprint 1980, pages 103-4 and 221, General Printers and Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</ref><ref>Nair, P.Thankappan, ''The Growth and Development of Old Calcutta'', in ''Calcutta, the Living City'', Vol. I, pp. 14-15, Edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Oxford University Press, 1995 edition.</ref>

Bhowanipore existed as a ''dihi'' in 1765 and also absorbed a part of Dihi Chakraberia. The construction of Harish Mukherjee Road and Lansdowne Road (now Sarat Bose Road) and the extension of Hazra Road to Kalighat, opened up the area at the beginning of the 20th century.<ref name="thana">Nair, P.Thankappan, ''The Growth and Development of Old Calcutta'', in ''Calcutta, the Living City'', Vol. I, pp. 15,18-19, Edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Oxford University Press, 1995 edition.</ref> Artisans played a role in developing the neighbourhood and making it a populous native place. The ''kansaris'' (braziers), the ''shankharis'' (conch workers) and the ''telis'' (oil pressers); all had their ''paras''. The goods were sold in ''pattis''. Along with these artisans, Indian lawyers flocked to Bhowanipore, as the [[Sadr Diwani Adalat]], the highest appellate court in those days, had shifted to the old Military Hospital Building here, and the District Judge's court was in [[Alipore]].<ref name="thana"/><ref>Cotton, H.E.A., ''Calcutta Old and New'', first published 1909/reprint 1980, page 223, General Printers and Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</ref>

In 1888, one of the 25 newly organized police section houses was located in Bhowanipore.<ref name="thana"/>

When the [[Bengali Renaissance|Bengal Renaissance]] started taking roots in 19th century Calcutta, it was initially limited to the predominantly Hindu 'Indian town' stretching north and north-east from the fringes of [[Burrabazar]], with a somewhat later extension to south and south-east of the 'European town' to Bhowanipore, and some decades later to [[Ballygunge]], which was then developing as a suburb.<ref>Sarkar, Sumit, "Calcutta and the 'Bengal Renaissance", in ''Calcutta, the Living City'', Vol. I, p. 100, Edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Oxford University Press, 1995 edition.</ref>

In the first half of the 20th century, “in the milieu of relative urban prosperity... Calcutta’s rich citizens – those connected with jute, coal, tea, other industries, trade, money-lending and rentier income from urban property – did fabulously well for themselves.” Many of the mansions in [[Ballygunge]], Bhowanipore and [[Alipore]] were built by the city's Bengali and the new Marwari elite who wanted to move from the “dirtier sections of north Calcutta to the more fashionable areas in the south”.<ref>Goswami, Omkar, “Calcutta’s Economy 1918-1970 The Fall from Grace”, “Calcutta, The Living City” Vol II, Edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Page 93, First published 1990, 2005 edition, {{ISBN|0-19-563697-X}}</ref>

Again, it was in the first half of the 20th century that with the implementation of the Area Improvement Programme of Calcutta Improvement Trust Bhowanipore, an old residential suburb was upgraded to modern standards of town planning.<ref>Chatterjee, Monideep, "Town Planning in Calcutta: Past, Present and Future", "Calcutta, The Living City" Vol II, Edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Page 141, First published 1990, 2005 edition, {{ISBN|0-19-563697-X}}</ref>

==Notable residents==

[[File: Subhas Chandra Bose.jpg|thumb|upright|Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was from Bhowanipore]]

*[[Mamta Banerjee]] - CM of West Bengal
*[[Bijon Bhattacharya]], eminent theatre artist, director and famous Bengali play writer, also the husband of eminent international award-winning social worker and writer Smt.[[Mahasweta Devi]].
*[[Subhas Chandra Bose]], one of the frontline Freedom Fighters of British India, founder of the Forward Bloc and the Indian National Army
*[[Peary Mohan Chatterjee]], educationist, lawyer and social reformer
*[[Chittaranjan Das|Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das]], renowned barrister and president of Swaraj Party
*[[Brajendranath De]], early Indian member of the Indian Civil Service
*[[Tarun Kumar]], actor
*[[Guru Dutt]], renowned Indian film director, producer, actor, choreographer, and writer
*[[Anil Kumar Gain]], statistician, Fellow of the [[Royal Statistical Society]]
*[[Alphonse François Lacroix]], missionary and translator
*[[Ranjit Mallick]], Bengali film actor
*[[Munna Mitra]], first-class cricketer and Anglican clergyman
*[[Premendra Mitra]], Author and Poet
*[[Ashutosh Mukherjee]], vice-chancellor of the [[University of Calcutta]]
*[[Hemant Kumar]] Mukherjee, famous singer, composer, director and producer, lived near Kansari Para in his youth and attended Mitra Institution school of Bhowanipore area.
*[[Shyama Prasad Mukherjee]], founder of [[Jan Sangh]] and first union industry minister of India
*[[Hana Catherine Mullens]] (1826–1861), European missionary, educator, translator and writer, notable for [[zenana mission]]s
*[[Jaimin Rajani]], singer-songwriter
*[[Satyajit Ray]], world-renowned film-maker, composer and author
*[[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]], former Chief Minister of West Bengal, Barrister
*[[Uttam Kumar]], actor, composer and director


==Geography==
===Location===
It is located south of the [[Lower Circular Road]] (now [[Jagadish Chandra Bose|A.J.C. Bose]] Road). It is bounded by Lansdown Road (presently [[Sarat Bose Road]]) to the east, Hazra Road to the south and Tolly Nullah to the west. It consists of well-known and posh localities like Elgin Road, Gokhale Road, Woodburn Park, Bakulbagan Road, Harish Mukherjee Road, Townshend Road and parts of Chakraberia and Lansdowne.

===Police district===
Bhowanipur police station is part of the [[Divisions of Kolkata Police|South division]] of [[Kolkata Police]].<ref name="police">{{cite web| url = http://kolkatapolice.gov.in/division.asp?ID=5&Division=S |title = Kolkata Police |work = South Division – Bhawanipur police station | publisher= KP| access-date = 5 March 2018}}</ref>

[[Tollygunge#Police district|Tollygunge Women's police station]] has jurisdiction over all the police districts in the South Division, i.e. Park Street, Shakespeare Sarani, Alipore, Hastings, Maidan, Bhowanipore, Kalighat, Tollygunge, Charu Market, New Alipur and Chetla.<ref name="police"/>

===Places of interest===
* Netaji Bhawan
* Bhowanipore Cemetery
* Nandan, West Bengal Film Centre
* Academy of Fine Arts
* Jain Temple
* Shree Swaminarayan Mandir
* Shree Laxminarayan Mandir
* Forum Courtyard Mall
* Sikh Gurudwara
* Nehru Museum

==Demographics==
Business opportunities brought many Gujaratis to Calcutta about a century back and they opted to stay in the Lansdowne-Chakraberia-Puddapukur belt of Bhowanipore. The railways, the jute mills and the shipping industry brought in many Punjabis to Calcutta. The Harish Mukherjee Road area of Bhowanipore and Dunlop (in north Kolkata) were the biggest pockets of Punjabi settlement. With declining economic opportunities many of both the communities are leaving Kolkata.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/1080316/jsp/calcutta/story_9025674.jsp | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080513154622/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080316/jsp/calcutta/story_9025674.jsp | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 May 2008 |title = People in Pockets |work = Gujarat Capital and Flavours of Punjab | publisher= The Telegraph, 16 March 2008| access-date = 5 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/1030430/asp/calcutta/story_1882783.asp | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20030625050000/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1030430/asp/calcutta/story_1882783.asp | url-status = dead | archive-date = 25 June 2003 |title = Gujaratis tread the exit route | publisher= The Telegraph, 30 April 2003| access-date = 5 March 2018}}</ref> Writing about the [[Bhabanipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Bhabanipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]], from where the West Bengal chief minister, [[Mamata Banerjee]], contests, Hindustan Times said, "The constituency has a sizable population of Sikhs and Gujaratis. However, it is dominated by middle-class Bengalis."<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.hindustantimes.com/assembly-elections/bhawanipore-mamata-banerjee-s-constituency-is-trinamool-s-citadel/story-Id6F7WVzlwCEls48CNkEdL.html|title = Bhowanipore: Mamata Banerjee's constituency is Trinamool's citadel |date = 20 April 2016 | publisher= Hindustan Times, 20 April 2016 | access-date = 5 March 2018}}</ref>

For language and religion census data, available at the district level, see [[Kolkata district#Languages spoken across Kolkata district|Kolkata district]].

==Culture==
Bhowanipore was also known as the Cinema Para, or the locality of the city which boasted of a string of cinema halls. The stretch started with Purna near Jadu Babu's Bazaar and was followed up by Bharati, Indira, Bijoli, [[Basusree Cinema, Kolkata|Basusree]], Kalika, and Ujjwala, right up to the recesses of the Kalighat Temple. They were primarily famous for their screenings of Bengali, English and Hindi movies. However, due to the lack of patronage and drying up of the Bengali film box office in the mid-90s, and the first decade of the 2000s, most of these halls have been closed down. Basusree, Indira and Bijoli are still operational, though the condition is not that well of, Bharati, Kalika, and Ujjwala have been demolished to make way for multi-storied buildings that host malls, educational institutes, and marriage halls. Purna has been closed down for more than a decade now, and there is little hope that it will be opened again.

The area also has the 23 Palli Durga Mandir, a small Temple which houses an Ashta Dhaatu Murti of Durga, and near the well known Kalighat Kali Temple, and the Nakuleshwar Bhairav Temple, considered one of the holiest of the holies in Hindu religion.

==Healthcare==
[[File: IPGMER SSKM Woodburn.jpg|thumb|SSKM Hospital]]
* [[Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute]]
* [[SSKM Hospital]]
* Sambhunath Pandit Hospital
* Health Point Hospital
* Ramrikdas Haralalka Hospital
* Anandalok Hospital
* Fortis Medical Centre, Kolkata
* Bangur Institute of Neurosciences

==Education==
* [[Asutosh College]], S. P. Mukherjee Road
* [[Mitra Institution]], Bhowanipore Branch
* South Suburban School (Main)
* Sir Ramesh Mitra Girls High School
* Chakraberia High School
* Adarsh Hindi High School
* [[Ballygunge Government High School]]
* Baba Saheb Ambedkar Education University (BSAEU)
* [[Gokhale Memorial Girls' College]]
* St.Helen School
* Bhawanipore Girls High School
* Vidyanjali International School
* Khalsa High School
* [[Hartley High School]], Sarat Bose Road
* [[Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose College]], Elgin Road
* [[Bhawanipur Education Society College]], Elgin Road
* [[Bhawanipur Gujarati Balmandir]]
* [[J. J. Ajmera High School]], Heysham Road
* [[Julien Day School]], Elgin Road and Ramesh Mitra Road.
* [[St. John's Diocesan Girls' Higher Secondary School]]
* [[Cathedral Mission High School]], Elgin Road
* [[South Calcutta Girls' College]]
* [[IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital]], [[Jagadish Chandra Bose|Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose]] Road
* United Missionary Girls' High School

==Sports==
A club named [[Bhawanipore FC]], founded by Nani Mitra in 1910, stands at the entrance of the Maidan near the Rani Rashmani Statue and presently managed by the ''[[Sangbad Pratidin]]'' group, represents Bhawanipore in both the domestic and regional tournaments.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhawanipore FC Started Pre-Season Training|url=http://thif-live.com/bhawanipore-fc-started-pre-season-training/|website=THIF-Live|access-date=13 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402170903/http://thif-live.com/bhawanipore-fc-started-pre-season-training/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The club is two time runners-up in the [[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]] in [[2014 I-League 2nd Division final round|2014–15]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://i-league.org/?p=12667|title=ROYAL WAHINGDOH ARE SECOND DIVISION CHAMPIONS|date=11 April 2014|work=[[I-League]]|access-date=2014-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413123202/http://i-league.org/?p=12667|archive-date=2014-04-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[2019–20 2nd Division League|2019–20]].<ref>[https://i-league.org/points-table/hil-qualifiers/ I-League 2nd Division 2020 Final Round League Table] ''i-league.org''. Retrieved 1 March 2021</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage-inline|Kolkata/South}}

{{Neighbourhoods in South Kolkata}}
{{Kolkata neighbourhoods}}

[[Category: Neighbourhoods in Kolkata]]

Bhowanipore - Revision history

Chakravarthy at 15:24, 22 October 2025