CleanupBot II at 19:37, 13 August 2023

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{{Infobox ragam
| name = Bhupalam
| synonym =
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| mela =
| chakra =
| type =
| arohanam = {{svaraC|S|R1|G2|P|D1|S'}}
| avarohanam = {{svaraC|S'|D1|P|G2|R1|S}}
| jeeva =
| chhaya =
| nyasa =
| vishesha =
| equivalent =
| similar =
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2011}}
{{Carnatic}}
'''Bhupalam''' (pronounced ''bhūpalam'') is a [[rāga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a pentatonic scale (''audava'' rāgam or ''owdava'' rāgam). It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale), as it does not have all the seven ''[[swara]]s'' (musical notes). It is also written as '''Bhoopalam'''.

It is considered an auspicious scale and a morning rāgam.<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref> In [[Tamil music]], this scale is called ''Puranirmai pann'' and some ''[[thevaram]]s'' are set to this scale.<ref name="ragas" /> This rāgam is played in the night.<ref name="ragas" /> It is also used for chanting [[Śloka|slokas]], folks songs, [[Kathakali]] music and other rituals.<ref name="ragas" /> The equivalent scale in [[Hindustani music]] is [[Bhupal Todi]].<ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref>

== Structure and Lakshana ==
[[Image:Bhupalam scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|''Bhupalam'' scale with ''shadjam'' at C]]

''Bhupalam'' is a symmetric rāgam that does not contain ''madhyamam'' or ''nishādham''. It is a symmetric pentatonic scale (''audava-audava'' ragam<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" /> in Carnatic music classification – ''audava'' meaning 'of 5'). Its ascending and descending scale (''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure) is as follows:

*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S|R1|G2|P|D1|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|D1|P|G2|R1|S|foot=yes}}

The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, shuddha rishabham, sadharna gandharam, panchamam'' and ''shuddha dhaivatham'', as per [[Swara#Swaras in Carnatic music|Carnatic music]] notation and terms for the ''swaras''. ''Bhupalam'' is considered a ''janya'' rāgam of ''[[Shubhapantuvarali]]'', the 45th ''[[Melakarta]]'' rāgam, though it can be derived from 5 other melakarta rāgams by dropping both the ''madhyamam'' and ''nishādham''.

==Popular Compositions==
''Bhupalam'' rāgam lends itself for good elaboration and has a few compositions in both classical music and film music. Here are some popular songs composed in ''Bhupalam''.

*''Sadhu vibhatam'' (''[[varnam]]'') and other ''[[kriti]]s'', ''Nijadasanam prati'' and ''Samajendra'' composed by [[Swati Tirunal]]
*''Annai Janaki'' by [[Arunachala Kavi]]
*''Sadachaleshwaram'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]

==Film Songs==
=== Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Panniner Mozhiyaal
|[[Thiruvarutchelvar]]
|[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]],Master Maharajan
|-
|Sugamana Sindhanaiyil
|[[Taxi Driver (1978 film)|Taxi Driver]]
|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|rowspan=2|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Kozhi Koovum
|[[Vanna Vanna Pookkal]]
|rowspan="5"|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|-
|Degam Pon Degam
|[[Anbulla Malare]]
|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Bhoomiye Enga
|[[Puthu Paatu]]
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Vidinthatha Pozhuthu
|Pillai Paasam
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|-
|Senthazham Poovil
|[[Mullum Malarum]]
|rowspan="2"|[[K.J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Kathiravanai Paarthu
|Pookkal Vidum Thoothu
|rowspan="2"|[[T. Rajendar]]
|-
|Ponmaanai
|[[Mythili Ennai Kaathali]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Boobalam Arangerum
|[[Agni Theertham]]
|rowspan=2|[[Sankar Ganesh]]
|[[K.J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Paarthu Sirikithu Bommai
|[[Thirumathi Oru Vegumathi]]
|[[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|Vaigai Neerada
|Chinnanchiru Kiliye
|[[G. K. Venkatesh]]
|[[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Kadhal Kavithai Paada
|[[Ganam Courtar Avargale]]
|[[Devendran]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Paadum Paravaigal Sangeetham
|Shenbagathottam
|[[Sirpy]]
|[[S. Janaki]]
|}

== Related rāgams ==
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

=== ''Graha bhedham'' ===
''Bhupalam's'' notes when shifted using ''[[Graha bhedam|Graha bhedham]]'', yields two pentatonic rāgams, ''[[Gambhiranata]]'' and ''[[Hamsanadam]]''. ''Graha bhedham'' is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the ''shadjam'' to the next note in the rāgam. We get ''Hamsanadam'' by shifting the ''Shadjam'' to ''Shuddha Rishabham''. For more details and illustrations of this concept refer ''[[Graha bhedam#Gambhiranata|Graha bhedham on Gambhiranata]]''.

=== Scale similarities ===
*''[[Revagupti]]'' rāgam differs from ''Bhupalam'' only by the ''gāndhāram''. It uses ''antara gāndhāram'' instead of ''sadharana gāndhāram'' and its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is S R1 G3 P D1 S : S D1 P G3 R1 S<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" />
*''[[Bhauli]]'' rāgam uses an additional ''nishadam'' in descending scale, in comparison to Revagupti above. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is S R1 G3 P D1 S : S N3 D1 P G3 R1 S<ref name="raganidhi" />
*''[[Karnataka Shuddha Saveri]]'' rāgam uses ''shuddha madhyamam'' in place of ''sadharana gandharam'' of ''Bhupalam''. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is S R1 M1 P D1 S : S D1 P M1 R1 S

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==

<references/>

{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Janya Ragas]]

Bhupalam - Revision history

CleanupBot II at 19:37, 13 August 2023