UpdateBot at 16:23, 19 November 2021

2021-11-19T16:23:06Z

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{{Short description|Species of amphibian}}
{{Redirect|Malabar frog}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Bicolored frog
| status = NT
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=S.D. Biju, Sushil Dutta, Robert Inger |date=2004 |title=''Clinotarsus curtipes'' |volume=2004 |page=e.T58583A11789937 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58583A11789937.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| image = Bicolored Frog ( Clinotarsus curtipes ).jpg
| image_caption = Male in breeding colours
| taxon = Clinotarsus curtipes
| authority = ([[Thomas C. Jerdon|Jerdon]], 1854)
| synonyms = ''Rana curtipes'' <small>Jerdon, 1854</small>
}}

The '''bicolored frog''' or '''Malabar frog''' (''Clinotarsus curtipes'') is a species of [[frog]] [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Western Ghats]] of [[India]].<ref name=frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Ranidae/Clinotarsus/Clinotarsus-curtipes |title=''Clinotarsus curtipes'' (Jerdon, 1853) |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2014 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=4 May 2014}}</ref> The [[tadpoles]] of the species are black and form dense and compact schools in slow moving [[stream]]s in forested areas.

==Description==

The bicolored frog's vomerine teeth scarcely developed, sometimes indistinct. The teeth are in two slightly oblique series on a level with the hind edge of the choanae. Its head large; snout short, rounded, with well-marked ''canthus rostralis'' and concave loreal region ; nostril nearer to the end of the snout than to the [[eye]]; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, nearly as large as the eye. Fingers moderate, first extending beyond second; toes short, nearly entirely webbed; tips of fingers and toes swollen or dilated into very small disks; subarticular tubercles much developed; inner metatarsal tubercle small, oval, blunt; a rather large, flat tubercle at the base of the fourth toe; no tarsal fold. The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the eye. Skin finely granular above; a moderately prominent, rather narrow glandular lateral fold; another told behind the tympanum down to the shoulder. ''Clinotarsus curtipes'' is greyish or brown above, with or without blackish dots; lateral fold lighter, edged with black; a blackish oblique spot or band below the eye; upper lip with a blackish margin; limbs dark purplish brown, without cross bands; light brown beneath, the throat sometimes dark brown. Male with an internal subgular [[vocal sac]].<ref>Boulenger, G. A. (1890) ''[[The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma]]'': Reptilia and Batrachia.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Desai R.N. |author2=Pancharatna K. |name-list-style=amp |year=2003|title= ''Rana curtipes'' coloration |journal=Herpetological Review |volume=34|issue=1|pages= 53–54}}</ref>

The spot patterns on the backs are often distinctive enough to use for population estimation using capture and recapture techniques. Use of this technique in the Bisale Reserve Forest in [[Kodagu]] during January 1999 – July 2001 gave a population density estimate of 0.08–0.1 frogs per square metre.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Krishna, S. N.|author2=Krishna S. B.|author3=Vijaylaxmi, K. K.|name-list-style=amp |year=2005|issn=0006-6982|title= Dorsal spot pattern as unique markers to estimate the population size of ''Rana curtipes''|journal= Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=102|issue=1|pages=16–18}}</ref>

Adult frogs may occasionally [[apparent death|feign death]] to escape predators.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Gramapurohit, N. P. |author2=Shanbhag, B. A. |author3=Saidapur, S. K. |name-list-style=amp |year=2001|title= ''Rana curtipes'' (bicolored frog). Death feigning|journal= Herpetological Review |volume=32|issue=2|pages=103}}</ref>

The [[tadpole]]s are large (more than {{convert|9|cm|abbr=on}} in total length) and form shoals in slow moving streams.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Hiragond, Ningappa C. |author2=Shanbhag, Bhagyashri A. |author3=Saidapur, Srinivas K. |name-list-style=amp |title=Description of the tadpole of a stream breeding frog, ''Rana curtipes''|doi=10.2307/1566044|jstor=1566044|journal=Journal of Herpetology|volume=35|issue= 1 |year= 2001|pages=166–168}}</ref> They are collected for local consumption.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" />

<gallery>
File:RanaCurtipes1.jpg|Underside of a breeding male
File:RanaCurtipes2.jpg|Upperside of a breeding male
File:Rana_curtippes_shoal.jpg|Shoals of tadpoles in a stream
File:Rana bicolor.JPG|A pair in [[amplexus]]
File:Rana_curtipes.jpg
File:Bicolored Frog or Malabar Frog.jpg|Malabar Frog
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Clinotarsus curtipes}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2275896}}

[[Category:Clinotarsus]]
[[Category:Frogs of India]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Amphibians described in 1854]]

Bicolored frog - Revision history

UpdateBot at 16:23, 19 November 2021