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{{Infobox raga
| name = Bihag
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| thaat = Bilaval
| type = audhav- sampurana
| time = Late night, 12–3
| raas(mood) = Shringar (romantic/devotional)
| arohana = 'Ni Sa Ga ma Pa Ni Sa'
| avarohana = Sa' Ni (Dha) Pa Ma Pa Ga ma Ga Re Sa
| vadi = Ga
| samavadi = Ni
| pakad = Pa Ma Pa Ga ma Ga
| chalan = Ga ma Pa Ni Dha Pa Ma Ga, Ga ma Ga Sa
| synonym =
| equivalent =
| similar = {{ubl|[[Maru Bihag]]|[[Bihagara]]}}
}}
{{Hindustani Classical Music}}
'''Raga Bihag''' is a [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical]] [[raga]] belonging to the [[Bilaval (thaat)|Bilaval Thaat]]. It is a melodious Raaga for beginners as well as experts. In Avroh, Rishabh and Dhaivat are not used as resting notes however they are used in Meend. In this Raag, Nishad is a prominent note and Aalaps or Taans are generally started from this note.<ref>http://www.tanarang.com/english/bihag_eng.htm</ref>

== Theory ==

=== Arohana and Avarohana ===
[[Arohana]]
:Ni Sa Ga ma Pa Ni Sa

[[Avarohana]]
:Sa' Ni (Dha) Pa Ma Ga ma Ga (Re) Sa

=== Vadi and Samavadi ===
[[Vadi (Hindustani classical music)|Vadi]]
:The Vadi note is Ga.

[[Samavadi]]
:The Samavadi note is Ni.

===Pakad or Chalan===
Bihag uses both ''shuddha'' Ma (ma) and ''teevra'' Ma (Ma).
:It has the ''pakad'' Pa Ma Pa Ga ma Ga.

Both R and D are never used in ascent, but always on the way down. That is,
:Pa Ni Dha Pa Ma Pa Ga ma Ga Re Sa
or
:Ni Sa Ni Dha Pa Ma Pa Ga ma Ga Re Sa

===Organization and relationships===
Related ragas: Maru Bihag, Bihagra.

Bihag is usually assigned to the [[Thaat]] [[Bilaval (thaat)|Bilaval]], but if Teevra Madhyam is given more importance, Bihag seems to be more akin to [[Kalyani (rāga)#Kalyan in Hindustani music|Kalyan]] Thaat.

=== ''Samay'' (Time) ===
Bihag is played in the second quarter of night. The mood of the ''raga'' is celebratory as well as romantic, making it a common ''raga'' sung especially on occasions of marriage.

===Origins===
The origin can be traced back to pure classical r''agas'' widely prevalent in the 16th century, and in many folk songs in the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] period (14th-18th century). It is used in many songs of [[Rabindranath Tagore|Tagore]] and in various Bengali and north Indian compositions.

===Recordings===

===Film===
A portion of the ''[[alap]]'' of Bihag may be seen in a scene from [[Satyajit Ray]]'s 1958 film ''[[Jalsaghar]]'', played by the ''[[surbahar]]'' player [[Wahid Khan]], from 29:50 to 31:58. ''Dil cheez kya hai'' from ''[[Umrao Jaan (1981 film)|Umrao Jaan]]'' contains elements of Bihag.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZI1wqkWsIjYC&q=bihag+dil+cheez+kya+hai&pg=PA284|title=Hindi Film Song: Music Beyond Boundaries|first=Ashok Damodar|last=Ranade|date=November 16, 2006|publisher=Bibliophile South Asia|isbn=9788185002644|via=Google Books}}</ref>

The song "Hamare Dil Se Na Jana" from the film ''Udan Khatola'' is based on Bihag. The song "Tere Sur Aur Mere Geet"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKSWtXHOrcQ|title=YouTube|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> from ''Goonj Uthi Shehnai'' is based on Bihag, when [[shehnai]] maestro Ustad Bismillah Khan appeared in film music.

The song "Malargal Kaettaen" from ''Oh Kadal Kanmani'' sung by Chitra and A.R. Rahman is based on Bihag.

The song "Piya Bawari" sung by Asha Bhosle and composed by R.D. Burman from ''Khubsoorat'' is based on Bihag.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/just-like-that/ten-terrific-rd-burman-songs-raga-based/|title=10 terrific RD Burman songs – Raga based|date=January 1, 2014|website=Times of India Blog}}</ref>

== Film Songs ==
=== Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background:#CD5C5C" |Song
!style="background:#CD5C5C" |Movie
!style="background:#CD5C5C" |Composer
!style="background:#CD5C5C" |Singer
|-
|Yaaradi Vanthaar
|[[Vanambadi]]
|rowspan="3"|[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|[[L. R. Eswari]]
|-
|Uruvathaikattidum Kanaadi
|[[Saraswathi Sabatham]]
|[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Kannethire Thondrinal
|[[Iruvar Ullam]]
|rowspan="4"|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Chitthiram Pesuthadi
|[[Sabaash Meena]]
|[[T. G. Lingappa]]
|-
|Paavadai Dhavaniyil
|[[Nichaya Thaamboolam]]
|rowspan="4"|[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
|-
|Oru Pennai Parthu
|[[Dheiva Thaai]]
|-
|Aalaya Mainiyin
|[[Palum Pazhamum]]
|rowspan="4"|[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Tamizhukku Amethendru Per
|[[Panchavarna Kili]]
|-
|Oru Naal Yaaro
|[[Major Chandrakanth (1966 film)|Major Chandrakanth]]
|[[V. Kumar]]
|-
|Enthan Uyir Kadhalan Kannan Kannan
|Kalyana Oorvalam
|R.Parthasarathy
|-
|Mohana Punnagai Orvalamey
|Uravu Solla Oruvan
|[[Vijaya Bhaskar]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Aadi Velli
|[[Moondru Mudichu]]
|rowspan=3|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|[[P. Jayachandran]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|Kannilae Enna Undu
|[[Aval Oru Thodar Kathai]]
|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Aval Oru Navarasa
|[[Ulagam Sutrum Valiban]]
|rowspan=2|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Hey Oraiyiram
|[[Meendum Kokila]]
|rowspan="6"|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|-
|Un Paarvayil
|[[Amman Kovil Kizhakale]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Veenai Meetum Kaigaley
|Vazha Ninaithal Vazhalam
|rowspan=2|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Inimel Naalum
|Iravu Pookal
|-
|Thaimatham Kalyanam
|Thambikku Oru Paattu
|[[P. Jayachandran]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
|Kannai Padithaen
|[[Ponnar Shankar (film)|Ponnar Shankar]]
|[[Sriram Parthasarathy]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|-
|Suttum Vizhi
|[[Kandukondain Kandukondain]]
|rowspan="6"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
|Malargal Kaettaen
|[[O Kadhal Kanmani]]
|[[K.S. Chitra]], [[A. R. Rahman]],Sajith
|-
|Chotta Chotta
|[[Taj Mahal (1999 film)|Taj Mahal]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|Mudhal Murai Killi Parthen
|[[Sangamam]]
|-
|Valayapatti Thavile
(Ragamalika:Bihag, [[Bageshri]],Neelambari)
|[[Azhagiya Tamil Magan]]
|[[Naresh Iyer]], [[Ujjayinee Roy]], [[Srimathumitha]], Darshana KT
|-
|Kalvare
|[[Raavanan]]
|[[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|-
|Malavika Malavika
|[[Unnai Thedi]]
|rowspan=2|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Solai Kuyil
|[[Anantha Poongatre]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|Athi Athikka
|[[Aathi]]
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
|Vizhiyil Un Vizhiyil
|[[Kireedam (2007 film)|Kireedam]]
|[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
|[[Sonu Nigam]], [[Swetha Mohan]]
|-
|Kadhalaam Kadavul Mun (MaruBihag Raga)
|[[Uttama Villain]]
|[[Ghibran]]
|[[Padmalatha]]
|-
|Kowsalya Kalyana
|[[Thulli Thirintha Kaalam]]
|Jayanth
|[[Harini (singer)|Harini]],Baby Deepika
|-
|Engirindhu Vandhayada
|[[Five Star (film)|Five Star]]
|[[Sriram Parasuram]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
|Chandana Bala
|-
|Narayana Narayana
|[[Ramanujan (film)|Ramanujan]]
|[[Ramesh Vinayakam]]
|[[Vani Jayaram]],Karthik Suresh,
|}

=== Language:[[Kannada language|Kannada]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background: #f9e79f" |Song
!style="background:#f9e79f" |Movie
!style="background:#f9e79f" |Composer
!style="background:#f9e79f" |Artists
|-
|Karedaru Kelade
|[[Sanaadi Appanna]]
|[[G. K. Venkatesh]]
|[[S. Janaki]], [[Bismillah Khan]]
|}

===Theatre===
In the [[Kannada]] Yakshagana play ''Maatanado mativanta preeta'' composition of Shahiprabha Parinaya the ''prasanga'' (plot) is in Behag.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Citation|last=Bor, Joep.|title=The raga guide : a survey of 74 Hindustani ragas|date=1998|publisher=Nimbus Records|oclc=741250270}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070514235610/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_others_samay_index.html SRA on Samay and Ragas]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070514234610/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_raga/sra_raga_that/sra_raga_that_index.html SRA on Ragas and Thaats]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070510143551/http://www.sawf.org/music/articles.asp?pn=Music Rajan Parrikar on Ragas]
* [http://oceanofragas.com/ocean_htmlpages/Bihag.html More details about raga Bihag]

{{Hindustani Classical Music Page End}}
{{Rāgas as per Performance Time}}

[[Category:Hindustani ragas|Bihag]]

Bihag - Revision history

>FrescoBot at 08:28, 6 July 2021