Ankitchadha at 14:14, 1 May 2026

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{{Short description|Lower house of the bicameral legislature of the Indian state of Bihar}}
{{About|2=the upper house|3=Bihar Legislative Council}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Bihar Legislative Assembly
| native_name = बिहार विधान सभा
| native_name_lang = hi
| coa_pic = Seal of Bihar.svg
| coa_res =
| legislature = [[18th Bihar Assembly]]
| house_type = Lower house
| body = Bihar Legislature
| term_limits = 5 years
| leader1_type = [[List of governors of Bihar|Governor]]
| leader1 = '''[[Syed Ata Hasnain]]'''
| party1 =
| election1 = 14 March 2026
| leader2_type =
| leader2 =
| party2 =
| election2 =
| leader3_type = [[List of speakers of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]
| leader3 = '''[[Prem Kumar (politician)|Dr. Prem Kumar]]'''
| party3 = '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]'''
| election3 = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2 December 2025]]
| leader4_type = Deputy Speaker
| leader4 = '''[[Narendra Narayan Yadav]]'''
| party4 = [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]
| election4 = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|3 December 2025]]
| leader5_type = [[List of Chief Ministers of Bihar|Leader of the House]] (Chief Minister)
| leader5 = '''[[Samrat Choudhary]]'''
| party5 = '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]'''
| election5 = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|15 April 2026]]
| leader6_type = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Bihar|Deputy Leader of the House]] (Deputy Chief Minister)
| leader6 = '''[[ Vijay Kumar Chaudhary]][[Bijendra Prasad Yadav]]'''
| party6 = [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]
| election6 = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|15 April 2026]]
| leader10_type = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Bihar Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]]
| leader10 = '''[[Tejashwi Yadav]]'''
| party10 = [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]]
| election10 = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|17 November 2025]]
| leader8_type =
| leader8 =
| election8 = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|01 December 2025]]
| party8 =
| leader7_type =
| leader7 =
| party7 =
| election7 = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|20 November 2025]]
| members = '''243'''
| structure1 = {{Switcher|[[File:India Bihar Legislative Assembly Election 2025.svg|300px]]|By party|[[File:India Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Alliance Wise 2025.svg|300px]]|By alliance}}
| structure1_res =
| political_groups1 = 

'''[[Government of Bihar|Government]] (201)'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2025 |title=Party position (as on 14 November 2025) |url=https://vidhansabha.bihar.gov.in/pdf/Party%20in%20position.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250923093153/https://vidhansabha.bihar.gov.in/pdf/Party%20in%20position.pdf |archive-date=23 September 2025 |website=Bihar Vidhan Sabha}}</ref>
:{{Color box|{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}}} [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] (201)
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (88)
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Janata Dal (United)}}}} [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]] (85)
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)}}}} [[Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)|LJP(RV)]] (19)
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Hindustani Awam Morcha}}}} [[Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)|HAM(S)]] (5)
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Rashtriya Lok Morcha}}}} [[Rashtriya Lok Morcha|RLM]] (4)

'''Opposition (41)'''
:{{Color box|{{Party color|Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)}}}} [[Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)|MGB]] (35)
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}}} [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]] (25)
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (6)
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}}} [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|CPI(ML)L]] (2)
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}} [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] (1)
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Indian Inclusive Party}}}} [[Indian Inclusive Party|IIP]] (1)
Others (6)
:{{Color box|{{Party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}}} [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]] (5)
:{{Color box|{{Party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}}} [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] (1)
Vacant (1)
*{{Color box|#FFFFFF}} Vacant (1)
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post]]
| last_election1 = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|6–11 November 2025]]
| next_election1 = [[Next Bihar Legislative Assembly election|October–November 2030]]
| session_room = Vidhan-sabha-bihar.jpg
| session_res = 250
| meeting_place = Bihar State Assembly, [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| website = [https://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in Bihar Legislative Assembly]
}}

The '''Bihar Legislative Assembly''' ([[ISO 15919|ISO]]: ''Bihār Vidhān Sabhā''), is the lower house of the bicameral [[Bihar Legislature]] of the state of [[Bihar]] in [[India]]. The first state elections were held in 1952.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.oneindia.com/feature/bihar-poll-dates-announced-some-facts-need-know-about-bihar-legislative-assembly-1863907.html|title=Bihar poll dates announced: Some facts youn need to know about Bihar Legislative Assembly|newspaper=www.oneindia.com|access-date=19 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120003852/http://www.oneindia.com/feature/bihar-poll-dates-announced-some-facts-need-know-about-bihar-legislative-assembly-1863907.html|archive-date=20 November 2016}}</ref>

Before the partition of Bihar, the total strength of membership in the assembly was 331, including one nominated member. After the partition, the seats were reduced to 243 members. [[Shri Krishna Sinha|Shri Krishna Singh]] became the first leader of the House and the first chief minister, [[Anugrah Narayan Sinha|Anugrah Narayan Singh]] was elected as the first deputy leader of the house and the first deputy chief minister.<ref>{{cite web |title=First Polls, first rift, first rush:Bihar 1952 CM SK Sinha Dy CM Dr AN Sinha |date=11 October 2020 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/bihar-assembly-elections-1952-first-polls-first-rift-first-rush-19526720113/|access-date=11 October 2020}}</ref>

==History==
{{Further|List of speakers of the Bihar Legislative Assembly}}
After the passing of the [[Government of India Act 1935]], Bihar and [[Odisha|Orissa]] became separate states. A bicameral system of legislature was introduced according to the act. On 22 July 1936, the first Bihar legislative council was set up. It had 30 members and Rajiv Ranjan Prasad was the chairman. The first joint session of the two houses of the Bihar Assembly took place on 22 July 1937. Ram Dayalu Singh was elected as the [[List of speakers of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|speaker of the Bihar Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bihar Vidhan Sabha |url=https://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/pdf/History_of_Bihar_Vidhan_Sabha.pdf |access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref>

==Bihar Legislative Assembly terms==

Following are the dates of constitution and dissolution of the Bihar Legislative Assembly. First sitting date and date of completion of term for each [https://vidhansabha.bihar.gov.in Vidhan Sabha] can be different from the constitution and dissolution dates (respectively).
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Vidhan Sabha
! Constitution
! Dissolution
! Days
!Speaker
!Ministry
|-
|Interim Government
|25 April 1946
|19 May 1952
|2,041
| rowspan="3" |[[Bindeshwari Prasad Verma]]
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Shri Krishna Sinha|First Shri Krishna Sinha ministry]]
|-
| 1st
| 20 May 1952
| 31 March 1957
| 1,776
|Second Shri Krishna Sinha ministry
|-
| 2nd
| 20 May 1957
| 15 March 1962
| 1,760
|Third Shri Krishna Sinha ministry (Till 1961) Deep Narayan Singh interim ministry (17 days) First Binodanand Jha ministry (1961–62)
|-
| 3rd
| 16 March 1962
| 16 March 1967
| 1,826
|[[Lakshmi Narayan Sudhanshu|Dr Laxmi Narayan Sudhanshu]]
|
|-
| 4th
| 17 March 1967
| 26 February 1969
| 712
|[[Dhanik Lal Mandal|Dhaniklal Mandal]]
|
|-
| 5th
| 26 February 1969
| 28 March 1972
| 1,126
|[[Ram Narayan Mandal]]
|
|-
| 6th
| 29 March 1972
| 30 April 1977
| 1,858
|Hari Nath Mishr
|
|-
| 7th
| 24 June 1977
| 17 February 1980
| 968
|Tripurari Prasad Singh
|
|-
| 8th
| 8 June 1980
| 12 March 1985
| 1,738
|[[Radhanandan Jha]]
|
|-
| 9th
| 12 March 1985
| 10 March 1990
| 1,824
|Shiva Chandra Jha (till 1989)
[[Md Hidayatullah Khan]]
|
|-
| 10th
| 10 March 1990
| 28 March 1995
| 1,844
|Ghulam Sarwar
|
|-
| 11th
| 4 April 1995
| 2 March 2000
| 1,795
|[[Deo Narayan Yadav|Devnarayan Yadav]]
|
|-
| 12th
| 3 March 2000
| 6 March 2005
| 1,830
|[[Sadanand Singh]]
|
|-
| 13th
| 7 March 2005
| 24 November 2005
| 263
| rowspan="3" |[[Uday Narayan Choudhary|Uday Narayan Chaudhary]]
|
|-
| 14th
| 24 November 2005
| 26 November 2010
| 1,829
|[[Second Nitish Kumar ministry]]
|-
| [[15th Bihar Assembly|15th]]
| 26 November 2010
| 20 November 2015
| 1,821
|[[Third Nitish Kumar ministry]] (2010–14) [[Jitan Ram Manjhi ministry]] (2014–15) [[Fourth Nitish Kumar ministry]] (2015-15)
|-
| [[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Bihar|16th]]
| 20 November 2015
| 14 November 2020<ref>{{cite news |last1=Etemaad |title=Bihar Governor Phagu Chauhan Formally Dissolved 16th Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.en.etemaaddaily.com/world/national/bihar-governor-phagu-chauhan-formally-dissolved-16th-legislative-assembly:85612 |date=14 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref>
|1,821
|[[Vijay Kumar Chaudhary]]
|[[Fifth Nitish Kumar ministry]] (2015–17) [[Sixth Nitish Kumar ministry]] (2017-20)
|-
| [[Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of Bihar|17th]]
|16 November 2020
|17 November 2025
|{{Age in days|16 November 2020|17 November 2025}}
|[[Vijay Kumar Sinha]] (till 9 August 2022)
[[Awadh Bihari Choudhary]] (till 28 January 2024)

[[Nand Kishore Yadav]] (from 15 February 2024)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-15 |title=BJP leader Nand Kishore Yadav elected Speaker of Bihar Assembly |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/bjp-leader-nand-kishore-yadav-elected-speaker-of-bihar-assembly-101707979648121.html |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Seventh Nitish Kumar ministry]] (2020–22) [[Eighth Nitish Kumar ministry]] (2022-2024) [[Ninth Nitish Kumar ministry]] (2024-2025)
|-
| [[18th Bihar Assembly|18th]]
|20 November 2025
|''Incumbent''
|{{Age in days|20 November 2025}}
| [[Prem Kumar (politician)|Dr. Prem Kumar]]
|[[Tenth Nitish Kumar ministry]] (2025–2026) [[Choudhary ministry]] (2026-present)
|}

==Working==
The Bihar Legislative Assembly<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bihar Assembly Elections 2025: Bihar Election Latest News, Photos, Videos, Live News |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/bihar-election |work=Prabhat Khabar}}</ref> is not a permanent body and is subject to dissolution. The tenure of the [[Vidhan Sabha|legislative assembly]] is five years from the date appointed for its first sitting unless dissolved sooner. Members of the legislative assembly are directly elected by the people.

There are three sessions every year: budget session, monsoon session, and winter session.

The sessions of the legislative assembly are presided over by the speaker. The speaker certifies whether a bill is ordinary bill or money bill. Generally, the speaker does not participate in voting, except in the case of a tie. Prem Kumar is the current speaker of the Bihar Legislative Assembly. The legislative assembly also has a Secretariat. The secretary is under the disciplinary control of the speaker. The function of the secretary is to assist the speaker. Bateshwar Nath Pandey is the current secretary of the Bihar Legislative Assembly.

==Composition==
{{transcluded section|source=18th Bihar Assembly}}
{{trim|{{#Section-h:18th Bihar Assembly|Composition}}}}

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{{transcluded section|source=18th Bihar Assembly}}
{{trim|{{#Section-h:18th Bihar Assembly|Members of Legislative Assembly}}}}

==See also==
* [[Bihar Economic Survey]]
* {{annotated link|Bihar Legislative Council}}
* {{annotated link|Government of Bihar}}
* [[List of chief ministers of Bihar]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
* [[List of deputy chief ministers of Bihar]]
* [[List of speakers of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
* [[List of governors of Bihar]]
* [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
* {{annotated link|Patna Secretariat}}

==Note==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://gov.bih.nic.in/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615165115/http://gov.bih.nic.in/ |date=15 June 2011 }}; Government of Bihar

{{Legislatures of India}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord missing|Bihar}}

[[Category:Bihar Legislative Assembly| ]]
[[Category:State lower houses in India]]

Bihar Legislative Assembly - Revision history

Ankitchadha at 14:14, 1 May 2026