>Yamaguchi先生 at 19:37, 1 July 2021

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{{About|the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Bijnor district|the village in Lucknow district|Bijnaur, Lucknow}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}


{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bijnor
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India#Asia
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|29.37|N|78.13|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bijnor district|Bijnor]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party|BJP]]
| leader_title = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| leader_name = [[Suchi (politician)|Suchi]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 225
| population_total = 115,381
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=21 December 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| timezone1 = [[india Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = UP-20
| website = {{URL|www.bijnor.nic.in}}
}}
'''Bijnor''' is a city and a [[municipal board]] in [[Bijnor district]] in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. To boost its development, there is demand for the inclusion of Bijnor in the [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi NCR]].<ref name=bijn1>[http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/up-seeks-to-include-6-districts-in-ncr/ UP seeks to include 6 districts in NCR], [[Indian Express]].</ref>

==History==
===Indus Valley Civilization===
[[Alamgirpur]], also called "Parasaram ka khera", is an archaeological site of the [[Indus Valley Civilization]] that thrived along [[Yamuna River]] (c. 3300–1300 BC) from the Harappan-[[Bara culture|Bara]] period, located in [[Meerut district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name=bijn2>{{ Cite book
| title = An Encyclopedia of Indian Archaeology
| first = Amalananda
| last = Ghosh
| isbn = 978-9-00409-264-8
| publisher = Brill Academic Publishers
| year = 1991
}}</ref><ref name="Indian Archaeology, A Review (1958-1959)">{{Cite book
| title = Indian Archaeology, A Review (1958-1959)
| chapter = Excavations at Alamgirpur
| location = Delhi
| publisher = [[Archaeological Survey of India]]
| pages = 51–52
| editor = Amalananda Ghosh
| editor-link = Amalananda Ghosh
}}</ref> It is the easternmost site of the civilization. It was partially excavated in 1958 and 1959 by [[Archaeological Survey of India]], that found four cultural periods with intervening breaks; the earliest of them represented by a thickness of 6 feet, belonged to Harappan Culture. Although kiln burnt bricks were in evidence, no structure of this period was found, probably due to the limited nature of the excavations. Brick sizes were, 11.25 to 11.75 in. in length,5.25 to 6.25 in. in breadth and 2.5 to 2.75 in. in thickness; larger bricks averaged 14 in. x 8 in.x 4 in. which were used in furnace only.<ref name="Indian Archaeology, A Review (1958-1959)"/> Typical Harappan pottery was found and the complex itself appeared to be a pottery workshop. Ceramic items found included roof tiles, dishes, cups, vases, cubical dice, beads, terracotta cakes, carts and figurines of a humped bull and a snake.<ref name="Indian Archaeology, A Review (1958-1959)"/> There were also beads and possibly ear studs made of [[steatite]] paste, [[faience]], glass, carnelian, quartz, agate and black jasper. Little metal was in evidence. However, a broken blade made of copper was found.<ref name=singh>{{cite book
| last = Singh
| first = Upinder
| title = A history of ancient and early medieval India: from the Stone Age to the 12th century
| year = 2008
| publisher = Pearson Education
| location = New Delhi
| isbn = 9788131711200
| pages = 214
}}</ref>

===Medieval history===
Bijli Pasi is credited as the founder of the city of Bijnor in [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Pasi consolidated his position when [[northern India]] was divided into several small states, before the fall of the mighty empires of the past.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gupta|first=Dipankar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bgpEIb4tNjgC&q=bijli+pasi&pg=PA2045|title=Caste in Question: Identity Or Hierarchy?|date=2004-12-08|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-0-7619-3324-3|page=208|language=en}}</ref>

During the time of [[Akbar]], Bijnor was part of his [[Mughal Empire]]. During the early 18th century, the [[Rohilla]] [[Pashtun people|Pashtuns]] established their independence in the area called by the [[Rohilkhand]]. Around 1748, the Rohilla chief [[Ali Mohammed Khan]] made his first annexations in Bijnor, the rest of which soon fell under the Rohilla domination. The northern districts were granted by [[Ali Mohammed Khan]] to Khurshid Ahmed Baig, who gradually extended his influence west of the [[Ganges]] and at [[Delhi]], receiving the title of [[Najib-ud-daula]] with the position of the paymaster of the Mughal forces. [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]]s invaded Bijnor who was also instigated by enemies of Rohillas, leading to several battles. Rohilla chief, Najib, who sided with [[Ahmad Shah Durrani|Ahmad Shah Abdali]] in [[Third Battle of Panipat|Panipat]], was made vizier of the empire.<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911|inline=1 |wstitle=Bijnor |volume=3 |pages=928–929}}</ref>

==Demographics==
As per 2011 census, Bijnor [[urban agglomeration]] had a population of 115,381 out of which males were 60,656 and females were 54,725. The effective literacy rate (7+ population) was 77.90 per cent.<ref name=bijdemo1>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above |work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 |access-date = 7 July 2012 }}</ref>

==In popular culture==
* The Hindi TV show, ''[[Yahan Ke Hum Sikandar]]'' was set in Bijnor.

==See also==
* [[List of cities in Uttar Pradesh]]
* [[Dehra, Uttar Pradesh]]
* [[Bijnor railway station]]
* [[Bijnor (Assembly constituency)]]
* [[Bijnor (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[1990 Bijnor riot]]

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20171226021230/http://www.bijnor.org/ Official Website]
* [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V08_198.gif Bijnor District at the Imperial Gazetteer of India]

{{Bijnor district}}
{{Moradabad division topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Bijnor]]

Bijnor - Revision history

>Yamaguchi先生 at 19:37, 1 July 2021