>Spursal at 10:03, 9 October 2021

2021-10-09T10:03:36Z

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{{Short description|Hindustani raga}}
{{for|the Thaat of the same name|Bilaval (thaat)}}
{{Copy edit|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox raga
| name = Bilaval
| image_name = Brooklyn Museum - Bilavala Ragini - 2.jpg
| image_alt = Late 18th century miniature of the Bilavala Ragini
| thaat = [[Bilaval (thaat)|Bilaval]]
| type = Sampurna (7 by 7 )
| time =
| season =
| arohana = Sa Re Ga ma, Ga Pa, Dha Ni Dha Ni Sa'
| avarohana = Sa' Ni Dha, Pa, ma Ga, Ma Re Sa
| vadi = Dha
| samavadi = Ga
| pakad = {{ubl|Ga Re, Ga Pa Dha Pa, ma Ga, ma Re Sa
| Ga Re Ga Pa, Dha Ni Sa'
| Sa' Ni Dha Pa, ma Ga Ma Re Sa}}
| chalan =
| synonym = Bilawal
| equivalent = {{ubl|[[Sankarabharanam (raga)|Sankarabharanam]] | [[Ionian mode]]}}
| similar =
}}
{{Hindustani Classical Music}}
'''Bilaval''' or '''Bilawal''' ({{IAST3|Bilāval}}) is a [[raga]] and the basis for the eponymous ''[[thaat]]'' ([[musical mode]]) in [[Hindustani classical music]]. Raga Bilaval is named after [[Veraval]], [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lg8ZjslR2REC&pg=PA344 |title=New Developments in Asian Studies |first=Françoise |last=Delvoye |page=344 |isbn=978-1-136-17470-4 |publisher=[[Routledge]] | year=2013 |access-date=11 March 2018 |archive-date=26 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526122808/https://books.google.com/books?id=lg8ZjslR2REC&pg=PA344 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Bilaval had become the basic scale for North Indian music by the early part of the 19th century. Its tonal relationships are comparable to the [[Classical music|Western music]] [[C major]] scale. Bilaval appears in the ''[[Ragamala paintings|Ragamala]]'' as a [[Raga#Rāga-Rāgini system|ragini]] of [[Bhairav (raga)|Bhairav]], but today it is the head of the [[Bilaval (thaat)|Bilaval thaat]]. The Ragamala names Bilaval as a Putra (son) of Bhairav, but no relation between these two ragas are made today. Bilaval is a morning raga to be sung with a feeling of deep devotion and repose, often performed during the hot months{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}. The Bilaval that is equivalent to the [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] [[melakarta]] raga, [[Sankarabharanam (raga)|Sankarabharanam]], as well as the Western [[Ionian mode]] (major scale) and contains the [[swara|notes]] S R G M P D N S'. The pitches of Bilaval thaat are all ''{{lang|hi-Latn|shuddha}}'', or natural. Flat ({{transl|hi|komal}}) or sharp ({{transl|hi|tivra}}) of pitches always occurs with reference to the interval pattern in Bilaval thaat.

Bilaval is one of the raags that is in the [[Sikh]] tradition from [[northern India]], and is part of the Sikh holy scripture (Granth), the [[Sri Guru Granth Sahib]].<ref name="Singha 2000">{{cite book |last=Singha |first=H.S. |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries) |publisher=Hemkunt Publishers |year=2000 |isbn=978-81-7010-301-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C&pg=PA10 |access-date=26 May 2021 |page=10}}</ref> Every raga has a strict set of rules which govern the number of notes that can be used; which notes can be used; and their interplay that has to be adhered to for the composition of a tune. In the Sri Guru Granth Sahib, there are a total of 60 raga compositions. Bilaval is the thirty fourth raga to appear in the series. The composition in this raga appear on a total of 64 pages from page numbers 795 to 859.

The Indian National Anthem [[Jana gana mana]] is sung in the raga [[Gaud Sarang]]. It is believed that the National Anthem of India is in raga Bilaval,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/national-anthem-facts-952549-2016-12-27 |title=Lesser known facts on Jana Gana Mana, India's National Anthem |first1=India Today Web Desk New |last1=DelhiDecember 27 |first2=2016UPDATED |last2=September 18 |first3=2018 11:36 |last3=Ist |website=India Today |access-date=1 December 2020 |archive-date=26 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526122740/https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/national-anthem-facts-952549-2016-12-27 |url-status=live}}</ref> but it isn't like that. There is a certain [[svara]] which changes the whole raga of the Anthem. In the national anthem, the tivra [[Madhyama (music)|Madhyama]] svara is employed. Raga Bilaval doesn't have the svara of tivra Madhyama (obviously, raga Bilaval is the raga of all '''Shuddha [[Svaras]]''' and no other types of svaras).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tanarang.com/english/alhaiya_eng.htm |title=Raag Alhaiya Bilawal – Hindustani Classical Music – Tanarang.com |website=www.tanarang.com |access-date=1 December 2020 |archive-date=8 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808172150/http://www.tanarang.com/english/alhaiya_eng.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> But raga [[Gaud Sarang]] has the tivra Madhyama svara.<ref>http://www.tanarang.com/english/gaud-sarang_eng.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701205356/http://www.tanarang.com/english/gaud-sarang_eng.htm |date=1 July 2020 }}.</ref> So from this, the National Anthem of India, [[Jana gana mana]] is in raga [[Gaud Sarang]].

== Aroha and avaroha ==
'''[[Arohana]]/Arohi:''' Sa,Re,Ga,ma,Pa, Dha,Ni,Sa'

'''[[Avrohana]]/Avarahi:''' Sa' Ni Dha, Pa, ma Ga, Ma, Re Sa

== Vadi and samavadi ==
'''[[Vadi (Hindustani classical music)|Vadi]]:''' Dha

'''[[Samavadi]]:''' Ga

== Pakad or chalan ==
'''1)''' Ga Re, Ga Ma Dha Pa, Ma Ga, Ma Re Sa

'''2)''' Ga Pa Ni Dha Ni Sa

'''3)''' Ga Re Ga Pa, Ni Dha Ni Sa

'''4)''' Sa Ni Dha Pa Ga Ma Re Sa

== Samay (time) ==
Morning: ''First pahar of the day (6-9 AM)''

== Film songs in Tamil ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#FF8C00" | Song
! style="background:#FF8C00" | Movie
! style="background:#FF8C00" | Composer
! style="background:#FF8C00" | Singer
|-
| "Chandrodhayam Idhile"
| [[Kannagi (film)|Kannagi]]
| [[S.V. Venkatraman]]
| [[P.U. Chinnappa]]
|-
| "Madi Meethu"
| [[Annai Illam]]
| rowspan="2" | [[K V Mahadevan]]
| [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| "Manam Padaithen"
| [[Kandhan Karunai]]
| rowspan="6" | [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| "Aththaan En Aththaan"
| [[Paava Mannippu]]
| rowspan="21" | [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
|-
| "Kaadhellenum Vadivam Kanden"
| rowspan="2" | [[Bhagyalakshmi (film)|Bhagyalakshmi]]
|-
| "Kaana Vandha Kaatchiyenna"
|-
| "Enna Enna Vaarththaigalo"
| [[Vennira Aadai]]
|-
| "Ore Raagam Ore Thaalam"
| [[Manapanthal]]
|-
| "Kaatru Vandhal"
| rowspan="2" | [[Kathiruntha Kangal]]
| [[P.B. Sreenivas]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| "Kanpadume Pirar Kanpadume"
| rowspan="3" | [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
| "Paadadha Paatellam"
| [[Veerathirumagan]]
|-
| "Maadi Mele Maadikati"
| rowspan="3" | [[Kadhalikka Neramillai]]
|-
| "Enna Paarvai"
| [[K.J. Yesudas]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| "Kaadhalika Neramillai"
| [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]]
|-
| "Roja Malare Raajakumari"
| [[Veerathirumagan]]
| rowspan="2" | [[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| "Poga Poga Theriyum"
| [[Server Sundaram]]
|-
| "Andru Vandhadhum"
| [[Periya Idathu Penn]]
| rowspan="2" | [[T.M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| "Naan Maanthoppil"
| [[Enga Veettu Pillai]]
|-
| "Aandavan Padachan"
| [[Nichaya Thaamboolam]]
| rowspan="4" | [[T.M. Soundararajan]]
|-
| "Adho Andha Paravai Pola"
| [[Aayirathil Oruvan (1965 film)|Aayirathil Oruvan]]
|-
| "Naan Kavignanum Ilai"
| [[Padithal Mattum Podhuma]]
|-
| "Moondrezhuthil En Moochu"
| [[Dheiva Thaai]]
|-
| "Kadhal Embadhu"
| [[Paadha Kaanikkai]]
| [[P.B. Sreenivas]], [[P. Susheela]], [[L.R. Eswari]], [[J.P. Chandrababu]]
|-
| "Epo Vechikalam"
| [[Bandha Pasam]]
| [[J.P. Chandrababu]]
|-
| "Enna Paravai Sirakadithu"
| [[Karthigai Deepam (film)|Karthigai Deepam]]
| [[R. Sudarsanam]]
| [[T.M. Soundararajan]](ver 1), [[P. Susheela]](ver 2)
|-
| "Pudhu Naadagathil"
| [[Ooty Varai Uravu]]
| rowspan="10" |[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| rowspan="2" | [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
| "Kettavarellam Paadalam"
| [[Thangai]]
|-
| "Anubhavi Raja Anubhavi"
| rowspan="2" | [[Anubavi Raja Anubavi]]
| [[P. Susheela]], [[L.R. Eswari]]
|-
| "Maanendru Pennukoru"
| rowspan="3" | [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| "Naan Paadum Paatile"
| Bhavani
|-
| "Love Birds"
| [[Anbe Vaa]]
|-
| "Maharaja Oru Maharaani"
| [[Iru Malargal]]
| [[T.M. Soundararajan]], [[Shoba Chandrasekhar]]
|-
| "Enni Irundhadhu"
| (Ragam Neelambari Touches)
| [[Andha 7 Naatkal]]
| [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
| "Vidiya Vidiya Solli"
| [[Pokkiri Raja (1982 film)|Pokkiri Raja]]
| rowspan="2" | [[S.P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| "Dil Dil Dil Manadhil"
| [[Mella Thirandhathu Kadhavu]]
|-
| "Aadungal Paadungal"
| [[Guru (1980 film)|Guru]]
| rowspan="22" | [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| rowspan="4" | [[S.P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Pudhucheri Katcheri"
| [[Singaravelan]]
|-
| "Thene Thenpaandi"
| [[Udaya Geetham]]
|-
| "Nilaave Vaa"
| [[Mouna Ragam]]
|-
| "Yerikkarai Poongaatre Nee Pora Vazhi"
| [[Thooral Ninnu Pochchu]]
| [[K.J. Yesudas]]
|-
| "Thaalattudhe Vaanam"
| [[Kadal Meengal]]
| [[P. Jayachandran]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| "Pudhu Maapilaiku"
| [[Apoorva Sagodharargal (1989 film)|Apoorva Sagodharargal]]
| [[S.P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S.P. Sailaja]]
|-
| "Aalapol Vellapol"
| [[Ejamaan]]
| rowspan="2" | [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
| "Paarthathenna Paarvai"
| [[Naangal]]
|-
| "Indha Minminiku"
| [[Sigappu Rojakkal]]
| [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| "Malaiyaala Karaiyoram"
| [[Rajadhi Raja (1989 film)|Rajadhi Raja]]
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| "Germaniyin Senthen Malare"
| [[Ullasa Paravaigal]]
| [[S.P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| "Anjali Anjali Anjali"
| [[Anjali (1990 film)|Anjali]]
| Sathya, [[Karthik Raja]], [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]],
[[Bhavatharini]], [[Venkat Prabhu]], [[Premji Amaran]],
Parthi Bhaskar,Hari Bhaskar,Vaishnavi
|-
| "Thulli Ezhunthathu"
| [[Geethanjali (1985 film)|Geethanjali]]
| [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|-
| "Kanmani Anbodu Kadhalan"
| [[Gunaa]]
| [[Kamal Haasan]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| "Kuzhaloodhum Kannanuku"
| [[Mella Thirandhathu Kadhavu]]
| [[K.S. Chithra]]
|-
| "Dillu Baru Jaane"
| [[Kalaignan]]
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
| "Nila Kaayum Neeram"
| rowspan="2" | [[Chembaruthi]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| "Paattu Poove"
|-
| "April Mayilae"
| [[Idhayam (film)|Idhayam]]
| [[Ilaiyaraaja]], [[Deepan Chakravarthy]], [[S.N.Surendar]]
|-
| "Naan Erikarai"
| [[Chinna Thayee]]
| [[K.J. Yesudas]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
| "Maalai En Vethanai"
| [[Sethu (film)|Sethu]]
| [[Unni Krishnan]],Arunmozhi, [[S.N.Surendar]]
|-
| "Thendrale"
| rowspan="2" | [[Kadhal Desam]]
| rowspan="8" | [[A. R. Rahman]]
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Unni Krishnan]]
|-
| "O Vennila"
| [[Unni Krishnan]]

|-
| "Kandukondain Kandukondain" (Ragam Nalinakanthi Touches also)
| [[Kandukondain Kandukondain]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Mahalakshmi Iyer]]
|-
| "Maanooththu Manthaiyile"
| [[Kizhakku Cheemayile]]
| [[S.P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Sasirekha
|-
| "Ini Achcham Achcham Illai"
| rowspan="2" | [[Indira (film)|Indira]]
| [[Sujatha Mohan]], [[Anuradha Sriram]], [[G.V. Prakash]], [[Shweta Mohan]], Esther
|-
| "Thoda Thoda Malarndhadhenna"
| rowspan="2" | [[S.P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K.S. Chithra]]
|-
| "Kangalil Enne"
| rowspan="2" | [[Uzhavan]]
|-
| "Pennalla Pennalla"
| rowspan="5" | [[S.P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| "Moongilile Paatisaikum Kaatralaiyai"
| Raagam Thedum Pallavi
| [[T. Rajendar]]
|-
| "Mazhaiyum Neeye"
| [[Azhagan]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Maragadha Mani]]
|-
| "Sa Sa Sa Sani Thapa Niveathaa"
| [[Nee Pathi Naan Pathi]]
|-
| "Naadodi Paattu Paada"
| [[Harichandra (1998 film)|Harichandra]]
| Agosh
|-
| "Enna Kathai Solla"
| [[Annanagar Mudhal Theru]]
| [[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
| [[S.P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K.S. Chithra]]
|-
| "Shenbaga Poovai"
| [[Paasamalargal]]
| V.S. Narasimhan
| [[S.P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
| "Nalam Nalamariya Aval"
| [[Kadhal Kottai]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
| "Pulveli Pulveli"
| [[Aasai]]
| [[K.S. Chithra]], [[Unni Krishnan]](Humming only)
|-
| "Yeno Yeno"
| [[Appu (2000 film)|Appu]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
|-
| "Sollathae"
| [[Sollamale]]
| Bobby
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
| "Aval Ulaghazhagi"
| [[Lesa Lesa]]
| [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
| "Rakita Rakita Rakita"
| [[Jagame Thanthiram]]
| [[Santhosh Narayanan]]
| [[Dhanush]], [[Santhosh Narayanan]]
|-
| "Kadhale Kadhale"
| Konjam Koffee Konjam Kaadhal
| Phani Kalyan
| Prasanna, Neha Nair
|}

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* Bor, Joep ''(ed).'' Rao, Suvarnalata; der Meer, Wim van; Harvey, Jane ''(co-authors)'' ''The Raga Guide: A Survey of 74 Hindustani Ragas''. Zenith Media, London: 1999.

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070514235610/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_others_samay_index.html SRA on Samay and Ragas]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070514234610/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_raga/sra_raga_that/sra_raga_that_index.html SRA on Ragas and Thaats]

{{Sikh Ragas}}
{{Hindustani Classical Music Page End}}
{{Rāgas as per Performance Time}}

[[Category:Gujarati music]]
[[Category:Hindustani ragas]]
[[Category:Ragas in the Guru Granth Sahib]]

Bilaval - Revision history

>Spursal at 10:03, 9 October 2021