https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=BilhanaBilhana - Revision history2026-07-31T11:54:50ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Bilhana&diff=324031&oldid=prevUpdateBot at 11:34, 24 January 20222022-01-24T11:34:56Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=March 2020}}<br />
'''[[Kaviraj|Kavi]] Bilhana''' was an 11th-century [[Kashmiri Pandits|Kashmiri]] [[poet]]. He is known for his love poem, the ''[[Caurapañcāśikā]]''.<br />
<br />
According to legend, Bilhana fell in love with the daughter of King Madanabhirama, Princess Yaminipurnatilaka, and had a secretive love affair. Bilhana kavi came to rajya for to learn Chandassu . They were discovered, and Bilhana was thrown into prison. While awaiting judgement, he wrote the ''Caurapâñcâśikâ'', a fifty-[[stanza]] love poem, not knowing whether he would be sent into exile or die on the gallows. It is unknown what fate Bilhana encountered. Nevertheless, his poem was transmitted orally around [[India]]. There are several versions, including ones from [[South India]] which had a happy ending; the [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] version does not specify what the outcome was. The ''Caurapâñcâśikâ'' was first translated into a European language, [[French language|French]], in 1848.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ariel |first=M |title=Tchorapantchaçat |journal= Journal Asiatique |series=Quatrième Serie |volume=11 |pages=469–534 |year=1848 }}</ref> Subsequently, it was translated several other times. Notable translations are those of Sir [[Edwin Arnold]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Arnold |first=Edwin |title=The Chaurapanchāsika: an Indian Love-Lament |publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and co. |year=1896 }}</ref>(London 1896) and [[Edward Powys Mathers]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mathers |first=Edward Powys |title=Black Marigolds |publisher=B.H. Blackwell |year=1919 }}</ref> (Oxford, 1919) titled ''Black Marigolds''. This latter version was quoted extensively by [[John Steinbeck]] in ''[[Cannery Row (novel)|Cannery Row]]''.<br />
<br />
Bilhana left his homeland in search of fame and fortune. He wandered through Mathura, Kanuj, Prayaga, Varanasi, Somnath, Kalyan and Rameswaram but luck eluded him.<ref>Sreedharan, E, "A Textbook of Historiography: 500 BC to AD 2000". New Delhi, Oreient Black Swan, 2004,p. 326 {{ISBN|81-250-2657-6}} [https://books.google.com/books/about/A_Textbook_of_Historiography_500_B_C_to.html?id=jJVoi3PIejwC]</ref> But while trekking back through Kalyan, [[Western Chalukya Empire]] King [[Vikramaditya VI]] appointed him as Vidyapathi. Bilhana rewarded his patron by composing in his honor an epic ''Vikramankadevacharita''.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=52–53}}</ref><br />
<br />
Bilhana is from the period of time when [[Sanskrit]] continued to be the language of literature, and is a very important poet of Kashmir from the Medieval period of Indian literature.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*''[[Bilhana (film)|Bilhana]]'', a 1948 film directed by B. N. Rao<br />
*''[[Bilhanan|Bilhana]]'', a 1948 film directed by K. V. Srinivasan<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* {{citation |last=Kawthekar |first=Prabhakar Narayan |title=Bilhana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bq5rT0yXGC0C&pg=PA20 |year=1995 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-7201-779-8 |ref={{sfnref|Kawthekar, Bilhana|1995}}}}<br />
* Introduction to ''The Secret Delights of Love'', Peter Pauper Press (1966).<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/bilhana/index.htm Black Marigolds, at sacred-texts.com]<br />
*[https://archive.org/details/chaurapanchsika00bilhgoog The Caurapâñcâśikâ, at The Internet Archive]<br />
*[https://www.scribd.com/doc/163159032/Sanskrit-erotic-poetry-Vol-2 The Caurapâñcâśikâ (The Love-Thief)] Poesy rendering into English 2013<br />
<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bilhana}}<br />
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]<br />
[[Category:Kashmiri writers]]<br />
[[Category:Kashmiri literature]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu poets]]<br />
[[Category:Kashmiri poets]]<br />
[[Category:History of Kashmir]]<br />
[[Category:11th-century Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male poets]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{India-poet-stub}}</div>UpdateBot