https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=BiodiversityBiodiversity - Revision history2026-07-31T01:05:14ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Biodiversity&diff=357542&oldid=prevWikiDwarfBOT at 20:27, 22 September 20222022-09-22T20:27:26Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div><br /><br />
<br />
== The term ==<br />
The term '''biological diversity''' was used first by wildlife scientist and conservationist Raymond F. Dasmann in 1968,<ref><br />
Dasmann R.F. 1968. ''A different kind of country''. MacMillan, New York. {{ISBN|0-02-072810-7}}</ref> where he advocated [[conservation]]. It was widely adopted only in the 1980s.<ref>Soulé M.E. and B. A. Wilcox. 1980. ''Conservation biology: an evolutionary-ecological perspective''. Sinauer. Sunderland, Massachusetts.</ref><br />
<br />
The term '''biodiversity''' first appeared in a publication in 1988 when entomologist [[E. O. Wilson]] used it as a title.<ref>Edward O.Wilson, editor, Frances M.Peter, associate editor 1988. ''Biodiversity'', National Academies Press. {{ISBN|0-309-03783-2}}; {{ISBN|0-309-03739-5}} [http://darwin.nap.edu/books/0309037395/html/R2.html online edition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060913154719/http://darwin.nap.edu/books/0309037395/html/R2.html |date=2006-09-13 }}</ref><ref>Global Biodiversity Assessment. [[UNEP]], 1995, Annex 6, Glossary. {{ISBN|0-521-56481-6}}, used as source by [http://www.biodiv.be/glossary_keywords/B "Biodiversity", Glossary of terms related to the CBD] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910155535/http://www.biodiv.be/glossary_keywords/B |date=2011-09-10 }}, [[Belgium|Belgian]] Clearing-House Mechanism. Retrieved 2006-04-26.</ref> Since then, the term has often been used by biologists, environmentalists, political leaders, and citizens. A similar term in the United States is "natural heritage." It predates the others and is more accepted by the wider audience interested in conservation. Broader than biodiversity, it includes [[geology]] and [[landform]]s.<br />
<br />
== Definitions ==<br />
Biologists most often define biodiversity as the "totality of [[gene]]s, species, and ecosystems of a region".<ref name="Larsson2001">{{cite book|author=Tor-Björn Larsson|title=Biodiversity evaluation tools for European forests|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zeTU8QauENcC&pg=PA178|accessdate=28 June 2011|year=2001|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|isbn=978-87-16-16434-6|page=178}}</ref> An advantage of this definition is that it seems to describe most circumstances. There are three levels at which biological variety can been identified:<br />
<br />
*[[species]] diversity<br />
*[[ecosystem]] diversity<br />
*[[variation|genetic diversity]].<br />
<br />
== Threats ==<br />
The idea can be used for tackling practical problems in [[conservation]], for example:<br />
*loss of species <br />
*destruction of [[habitat]]s<br />
*introduced and [[invasive species]]<br />
*genetic pollution<br />
*[[Over-harvesting|over-exploitation]]<br />
*effect of [[climate change]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== Related pages ==<br />
*[[Biodiversity Convention]]<br />
*[[Conservation biology]]<br />
*[[Endemism]]<br />
*[[Neurodiversity]]<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
*Levin, Simon A. 2013. ''Encyclopedia of biodiversity''. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-384719-5<br />
*Wilson E.O. 2016. ''Half-Earth: our planet's fight for life''. Liveright. ISBN 978-1631490828<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ecology]]<br />
[[Category:Conservation]]</div>WikiDwarfBOT