>Agnihothri Sharath at 00:42, 26 August 2021

2021-08-26T00:42:41Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Bismil Azimabadi
| native_name = {{Nastaliq|بسمل عظیم آبادی}}
| native_name_lang = ur
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Bismil Azimabad
| pseudonym = Bismil
| birth_name = Syed Shah Mohammad Hasan
| birth_date = 1901
| birth_place = Azimabad, [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1978|06|20|1901||}}
| death_place = Azimabad, [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| resting_place = Village Kurtha, Bihar
| occupation = Freedom Fighter, Landlord, Poet
| language = [[Urdu]], [[Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[English language|English]]
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| ethnicity =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre = ''[[Ghazal]]'', ''[[Nazm]]''
| subject =
| movement = [[Indian independence movement]]
| notableworks = ''[[Sarfaroshi ki Tamanna]]''
| spouse =
| partner =
| children = five sons and three daughters
| relatives =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| portaldisp =
}}

'''Bismil Azimabadi''' (1901 - 1978) was a [[Freedom fighters of India|freedom fighter]], [[Zamidar|landlord]], and an [[Urdu]] poet from [[Patna]], [[Bihar]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Choudhury|first1=Pranab Chandra Roy|title=Bihar District Gazetteers: Patna (& suppl. 2 v.)|date=1971|publisher=Superintendent, Secretariat Press, Bihar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObhhAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Bismil+Azimabadi%22|access-date=6 December 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Kumar|first1=Nagendra|title=Image of Patna|date=1972|publisher=Government of Bihar, Gazetteers Branch; [obtainable from the Superintendent, Government Stationery Stores and Publications]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P1cCAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Bismil+Azimabadi%22|access-date=6 December 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Jha|first1=Sudhir Kumar|title=A new dawn: Patna reincarnated|date=2005|publisher=the University of Michigan|isbn=9788175256217|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xCVuAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Bismil+Azimabadi%22|access-date=6 December 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name="tawarikhkhwani">{{Cite web|title=Sarfaroshi ki tamanna - Bismil Azimabadi|url=https://www.tawarikhkhwani.com/sarfaroshi-ki-tamanna-bismil-azimabadi/|date=2019-12-14|website=TAWARIKHKHWANI|language=en-US|access-date=2020-06-02}}</ref>

==Family==
Bismil Azimabadi's real name was Syed Shah Muhammad Hasan, he was born in 1901 in [[Azimabad]], [[Patna]], [[Bihar]].<ref name="dawn">{{Cite web|last=Sharjeel|first=Shahzad|date=2020-01-02|title=Come to a head|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1525817|access-date=2020-06-02|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref>
His family belonged to the [[zamidar]]s and they were initially based at [[Khusrupur]], [[Nawada]] but were settled at [[Patna City]].
Syed Shah Aale Hasan a barrister was his father, he died at an early age of Bismil.
His maternal Grandfather Shah Mubarak Kakvi ''Azimabadi'' and his maternal uncle, [[Khan Bahadur]] Syed Shah Muhiuddin alias ''Shah Kamal'' both were poets and were disciple of famous poet of [[Allahabad]] Waheed ''Allahabadi''.
Bismil died on 20 June 1978 in Azimabad, Patna and was buried at village [[Kurtha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kurtha]], Bihar, and was survived by five sons and three daughters.<ref name="tawarikhkhwani"/>

==Involvement in independence movement==
Bismil developed the nationalist views and took part in [[Indian independence movement|freedom movement]], he attended the [[Calcutta]] [[Indian National Congress|Congress Session]] in 1920 where he recited his poem ''Sarfaroshi''.<ref name="tawarikhkhwani"/>

==As poet==
His maternal Grandfather and his maternal Uncle both were poets. He grew in Azimabad where the atmosphere was poetic and literary and it was from there he picked up the love for Urdu poetry. He chose the word ''Bismil'' (meaning hurt or wounded) as his [[pen name]] and became disciple of [[Khan Bahadur]] Shad ''Azimabadi'', (1846-1929).<ref name="tawarikhkhwani"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bismil Azimabadi - Profile & Biography|url=https://www.rekhta.org/Poets/bismil-azimabadi/profile|access-date=2020-06-02|website=Rekhta}}</ref> He used to frequent [[Qutubkhana Anjuman Taraqqi Urdu Library]], Patna.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Jul 30|first1=Sheezan Nezami {{!}} Updated|last2=2015|last3=Ist|first3=23:29|title=Once a rich Urdu library, now a den of gamblers {{!}} Patna News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Once-a-rich-Urdu-library-now-a-den-of-gamblers/articleshow/48287713.cms|access-date=2020-06-02|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> He is counted amongst notable poets of Patna.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jha|first=Sudhir Kumar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xCVuAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Bismil+Azimabadi%22|title=A new dawn: Patna reincarnated|date=2005|publisher=Sudhir Kumar Jha|isbn=9788175256217|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kumar|first=Nagendra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P1cCAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Bismil+Azimabadi%22|title=Image of Patna|date=1972|publisher=Government of Bihar, Gazetteers Branch; [obtainable from the Superintendent, Government Stationery Stores and Publications]|language=en}}</ref>

==Works==
Most of his work was lost and the remaining was compiled and published by the name of ''Hikayat-i-Hasti'' in 1980 with the help of [[Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library]].<ref name="tawarikhkhwani"/> His works are listed in the catalogues of various institutions, like, [[University of Chicago Library]], [[Delhi Public Library]], [[Delhi University]] [[Department of Library and Information Science, University of Delhi|Central Library System]], etc.<ref name="uchicago">{{Cite web|title=Search Results - "7728708" "8387027"|url=https://catalog.lib.uchicago.edu/vufind/Search/Results?type=ids&lookfor=%227728708%22%20%228387027%22|access-date=2020-06-02|website=catalog.lib.uchicago.edu|language=en}}</ref> His works have been quoted in magazines & journals like, [[The London Magazine]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Lehmann|first1=John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hfkSAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Bismil+Azimabadi%22|title=London Magazine|last2=Ross|first2=Alan|date=1997|publisher=London magazine|language=en}}</ref>

===Ghazals===
Bismil have written many [[ghazal]]s, [[Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna]] being the most celebrated of them all.<ref name="rekhta-ghazals">{{Cite web|title=Ghazals of bismil-azimabadi|url=https://www.rekhta.org/Poets/bismil-azimabadi/ghazals|website=Rekhta|access-date=2020-06-02}}</ref>

====''Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna''====
In 1921 he wrote the patriotic poem ''[[Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna]]'',<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iMGbAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Bismil+Azimabadi%22 |title=The trial of Bhagat Singh: politics of justice |first=Abdul Gafoor Abdul Majeed |last=Noorani |publisher=Konark |year=1996 |page=16|isbn=9788122004298 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Dipti|title=79th Anniversary: Khalsa college begins yearlong symposium for unsung heroes|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/79th-anniversary-khalsa-college-begins-yearlong-symposium-for-unsung-heroes/|access-date=19 July 2017|work=The Indian Express|date=29 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Muslim World|date=2004|publisher=Motamar al-Alam al-Islami; World Muslim Congress|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lNJtAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Bismil+Azimabadi%22|access-date=6 December 2017|language=en}}</ref> following the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]] and other atrocities by the British colonialists.<ref name="dawn"/> The poem was immortalised by [[Ram Prasad Bismil]], an Indian freedom fighter, as a war cry during the [[British Raj]] period in India.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kl08TgBBxHIC&pg=PA213 |access-date=2016-09-20 |title=Ali Sardar Jafri |volume=685 |journal=Lokodaya Granthamala |editor-first=Anil |editor-last=Sehgal |publisher=Bharatiya Jnanpith |year=2001 |isbn=978-8-12630-671-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Muhammad|first1=Shan|title=Muslims and India's freedom movement|date=2002|publisher=Institute of Objective Studies, New Delhi, India|isbn=9788185220581|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AyFuAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Bismil+Azimabadi%22|access-date=6 December 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Hasan|first1=Mushirul|title=Roads to Freedom: Prisoners in Colonial India|date=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199089673|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jIM8DwAAQBAJ&q=%22Bismil+Azimabadi%22&pg=PT95|access-date=6 December 2017|language=en}}</ref> It was first published in journal "Sabah", published from Delhi.<ref>{{cite web |first=T. M. Zeya |last=Ulhaque |url=http://www.spritualworld.com/2013/11/bismil-azimabadi-life-sketcs.html |title=Bismil Azimabadi : Life Sketch |publisher=Spritualworld.com |date=November 2013 |access-date=2016-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121204/http://www.spritualworld.com/2013/11/bismil-azimabadi-life-sketcs.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Interview of Syed Masood Hasan, Grandson of Bismil Azimabadi|access-date=17 May 2015 |work=Hindustan Times (Patna)|url=https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcS0Sd9CO5KhEYPrgxLzr-hIVCZL8-KXtXiAQt9QhTYjrlEmD-EM&usqp=CAU|language=hi|date=17 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=तो 'सरफ़रोशी की तमन्ना..' एक बिहारी बिस्मिल ने लिखी है !!|url=http://www.patnabeats.com/sarfaroshi-ki-tamanna-bismil-azimabadi/|website=PatnaBeats|access-date=17 November 2017|date=5 August 2016}}</ref> The ghazal have 11 couplets.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Read full ghazal 'Sarfaroshi ki Tamanna' by Bismil Azimabadi|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ghazals/sarfaroshii-kii-tamannaa-ab-hamaare-dil-men-hai-bismil-azimabadi-ghazals|website=Rekhta|access-date=2020-06-02}}</ref> [[Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library|Khuda Bakhsh Library]] has preserved the original copy and page of his diary containing this poem written by him and the corrections done by his mentor Shad Azimabadi.<ref name="tawarikhkhwani"/> The famous poem been used in many films like, [[Shaheed (1965 film)|Shaheed]] (1965), [[Sarfarosh]] (1999), [[The Legend of Bhagat Singh]] (2002), [[Rang de Basanti]] (2006) and [[Gulaal (film)|Gulaal]] (2009).<ref name="dawn"/>

====Other ghazals====
Few other ghazals are,<ref name="rekhta-ghazals"/>
* na apne zabt ko ruswa karo sata ke mujhe<ref>{{Cite web|title=Read full ghazal 'na apne zabt ko' by Bismil Azimabadi|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ghazals/na-apne-zabt-ko-rusvaa-karo-sataa-ke-mujhe-bismil-azimabadi-ghazals|website=Rekhta|access-date=2020-06-02}}</ref>
* tang aa gae hain kya karen is zindagi se hum<ref>{{Cite web|title=Read full ghazal 'tang aa gae hai' by Bismil Azimabadi|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ghazals/tang-aa-gae-hain-kyaa-karen-is-zindagii-se-ham-bismil-azimabadi-ghazals-1|website=Rekhta|access-date=2020-06-02}}</ref>
* ruKH pe gesu jo bikhar jaenge<ref>{{Cite web|title=Read full ghazal 'ruKH pe gesu' by Bismil Azimabadi|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ghazals/rukh-pe-gesuu-jo-bikhar-jaaenge-bismil-azimabadi-ghazals|website=Rekhta|access-date=2020-06-02}}</ref>
* ab dam-ba-KHud hain nabz ki raftar dekh kar<ref>{{Cite web|title=Read full ghazal 'ab dam-ba-KHud hain' by Bismil Azimabadi|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ghazals/ab-dam-ba-khud-hain-nabz-kii-raftaar-dekh-kar-bismil-azimabadi-ghazals|website=Rekhta|access-date=2020-06-02}}</ref>

===Sher===
Many of his standalone [[sher (poem)|sher]]s too are found.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shayari of Bismil Azimabadi|url=https://www.rekhta.org/Poets/bismil-azimabadi/couplets|website=Rekhta|access-date=2020-06-02}}</ref>

===Other books===
Following are other works/books/collections by Bismil,
* ''Kalām-i Bismil'' edited by [[Muhammad Iqbal|Allama Iqbal]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Iqbāl|first1=murattib, Muḥammad|title=Kalām-i Bismil|date=2008|publisher=Ejūkeshnal Pablishing Hāʼūs|location=Dihlī|isbn=9788182234406|edition=1st}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Bismil|first1=Sayyid Shāh Muḥammad Ḥasan.|url=https://catalog.lib.uchicago.edu/vufind/Record/7728708|title=Kalām-i Bismil|last2=Iqbāl|first2=Muḥammad|date=2008|publisher=Ejūkeshnal Pablishing Hāʼūs|isbn=978-81-8223-440-6|edition=1st|location=Dihlī|language=Urdu|access-date=17 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Klam-E-Bismil Edited by Mohammad Iqbal|url=http://www.delhipubliclibrary.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=26251|website=Delhi Public Library|access-date=2 June 2020}}</ref>
* ''Chamanistan-e-Bismil'' with contribution from [[Muhammad Iqbal|Allama Iqbal]]<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Bismil|first1=Sayyid Shāh Muḥammad Ḥasan.|url=https://catalog.lib.uchicago.edu/vufind/Record/8387027|title=Camanistān-i Bismil: Sayyid Shāh Muḥammad Ḥasan Bismil ʻAẓīmābādī]|last2=Iqbāl|first2=Muḥammad|date=2010|publisher=Kitabi Duniya|edition=1st|location=Delhi|language=Urdu|access-date=17 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://crl.du.ac.in/new%20additions/2016%20Central%20Feb.pdf|title=Delhi University Library System (DULS), Central Library, List of Additions, From 01/01/2016 to 31/01/2016, Page 14 of 43|access-date=2020-06-02|website=crl.du.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chamanistaan-e-Bismil by Mohammad Iqbal|url=http://www.delhipubliclibrary.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=57853|website=Delhi Public Library|access-date=17 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chamanistaan-e-Bismil : Sayed Shah Mohammad Hasan Bismil Azimabadi / edited by Mohammad Iqbal|url=http://www.delhipubliclibrary.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=106565|website=Delhi Public Library|access-date=2 June 2020}}</ref>
* He wrote a short personal memoir named ''Yaraan-i-Maikadah'' in 1976<ref name="tawarikhkhwani"/>


===Works about him & his work===
* ''Bismil Azimabadi: Shakhsiyat aur Fan'' by [[Muhammad Iqbal|Allama Iqbal]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Iqbāl|first=Muḥammad|url=https://catalog.lib.uchicago.edu/vufind/Record/7707822|title=Bismil ʻAẓīmābādī: shak̲h̲ṣiyat aur fan|date=2008|publisher=Ejūkeshnal Pablishing Hāʼūs|isbn=978-81-8223-433-8|edition=1st|location=Dihlī|language=Urdu}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Iqbāl|first1=Muḥammad|title=Bismil ʻAẓīmābādī : shak̲h̲ṣiyat aur fan|date=2008|publisher=Ejūkeshnal Pablishing Hāʼūs|location=Dihlī|isbn=9788182234338|edition=1st}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Books|first1=WonderClub|title=Bismil Azimabadi: Shakhsiyat Aur Fan written by Muhammad Iqbal|url=http://wonderclub.com/books/bismil-azimabadi-shakhsiyat-aur-fan|website=wonderclub.com|access-date=17 November 2017|language=en}}</ref>
* His thoughts are recorded in ''Guftani Na Guftani'', the memoirs of ''Wamiq Jaunpuri''<ref name="tawarikhkhwani"/>
* Most of his Kalam was lost and the remaining was compiled and published by the name of ''Hikayat-i-Hasti'' in 1980<ref name="tawarikhkhwani"/>

==Recognition==
[[Bihar Urdu Academy]] gives an award in his name, known as the "Bismil Azimabadi Award".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bhaskar.com/news/PUN-OTH-MAT-latest-pathankot-news-031043-3890713-NOR.html |title=Latest Pathankot News 29/03/2016: गजलकार प्रवीन अश्क को बिस्मिल अजीमाबादी अवार्ड |publisher=www.bhaskar.com |date=2016-03-29 |access-date=2016-09-20|language=hi}}</ref>

==See also==
[[Kakori conspiracy]]

==Disambiguation==
[[Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna]] is a popular ghazal of Bismil though it is incorrectly
associated with [[Ram Prasad Bismil]]. Both are different personalities.
Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil was born in Uttar Pradesh which had various [[Takhallus]] (penname),
Bismil, Ram, Agyaat, but never Azimabadi as he had no connection with
Azimabad ([[Patna]]). Bismil Azimabadi was born in Azimabad and hence the ''Azimabadi'' in
his [[takhallus]]. The fact remains that the said Ghazal was composed by
Bismil Azimabadi of [[Bihar]] and the correction (islaah) was done by his
ustaad (teacher) [[Shaad Azimabadi]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|url=https://rekhta.org/poets/bismil-azimabadi |title=Ghazals of Bismil Azimabadi |publisher=Rekhta |date= |access-date=2016-09-20}}
* {{cite web|title=Sarfaroshi ki tamanna - Bismil Azimabadi |url=https://www.tawarikhkhwani.com/sarfaroshi-ki-tamanna-bismil-azimabadi/ |website=TAWARIKHKHWANI |access-date=30 May 2020 |date=14 December 2019}}
* {{cite web|date=2015-08-15|author=Afroz Alam|url=http://www.bbc.com/hindi/india/2015/08/150814_sarfaroshi_ki_tammana_bismil_azeemabadi_sr |title=तो किसने लिखी थी 'सरफ़रोशी की तमन्ना..' - BBC हिंदी |publisher=Bbc.com |access-date=2016-09-20|language=hi}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-HMU-MAT-latest-patna-news-041010-2458866-NOR.html |title=Latest Patna News 17/08/2015: सरफ़रोशी...नज़्म लिखने वाले की तमन्ना रही अधूरी |publisher=www.bhaskar.com |date=2015-08-17 |access-date=2016-09-20|language=hi}}
* {{Cite web|date=2016-01-25|title=TwoCircles.net - हिन्दी|url=http://twocircles23.rssing.com/chan-35328337/all_p24.html|access-date=2020-06-02|website=twocircles23.rssing.com}}
* {{Cite web|title=बिस्मिल अज़ीमाबादी हिन्दी कविता|url=https://www.hindi-kavita.com/HindiBismilAzimabadi.php|access-date=2020-06-02|website=www.hindi-kavita.com|language=hi}}
* {{Cite web|title=बिस्मिल अज़ीमाबादी की ग़ज़ल जो रामप्रसाद बिस्मिल के नाम से प्रसिद्ध हो गयी|url=https://www.amarujala.com/kavya/kavya-charcha/ram-prasad-bismil-ghazal|access-date=2020-06-02|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}
* {{Cite web|date=2019-08-15|title=जिस 'सरफरोशी की तमन्ना' से दिल में उमड़ते हैं देशभक्ति के जज्बात, उसे बिस्मिल की कलम से मिला वजूद|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/bihar/state/patna/sarfaroshi-ki-tamanna-was-created-by-bismil-azimabadi/bh20190815002628832|access-date=2020-06-02|website=www.etvbharat.com|language=hi}}
* {{Cite web|date=2015-11-22|title=तो 'सरफ़रोशी की तमन्ना..' एक मुस्लमान ने लिखी है !!|url=https://muslimsofindiablog.wordpress.com/2015/11/22/%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8b-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ab%e0%a4%bc%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%8f%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%ae/|access-date=2020-06-02|website=Muslims of India|language=hi}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Azimabadi, Bismil}}
[[Category:1901 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:Urdu-language poets from India]]
[[Category:Poets from Bihar]]
[[Category:Writers from Patna]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]

Bismil Azimabadi - Revision history

>Agnihothri Sharath at 00:42, 26 August 2021