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{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Bodheshwaran<br />
| image = <br />
| caption =<br />
| birth_name = Keshava Pillai<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1901|12|28|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Neyyattinkara]], [[Travancore|Kingdom of Travancore]], [[British India]]<br />
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1990|07|03|1901|12|28|df=yes}}<br />
| death_place =<br />
| othername = <br />
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Indian independence activist]]|Social reformer|Poet}}<br />
| years_active = <br />
| parents = {{Unbulleted_list|Kunjan Pillai|Janaki Pillai}}<br />
| spouse = V. K. Karthiyayini Amma<br />
| children = [[:ml:ഹൃദയകുമാരി|Hridayakumari]], [[Sugathakumari]], Sujatha<br />
}}<br />
'''Bodheswaran''' (28 December 1901 – 3 July 1990), (also known as '''Bodheswarananda'''), was an [[Indian independence activist]], social reformer and a poet of [[Malayalam literature]]. He was known for his nationalistic poems such as ''Keralaganam'' and for his involvement in social movements like [[Vaikom Satyagraha]] and other related events which led to the [[Temple Entry Proclamation]] of 1936.<br />
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== Biography ==<br />
Bodheswaran, né Keshava Pillai, was born on 28 December 1901 in [[Neyyattinkara]], in [[Travancore]] (in the present day [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], India) to Champayil Veettil Kunjan Pillai and Thazhamangalam Janaki Pillai.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/Bodeswaran/Html/Bodeswarangraphy.htm |title=Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |date=8 April 2019 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |access-date=8 April 2019}}</ref><br />
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Influenced by the thoughts of [[Swami Vivekananda]] from an early age, he left his studies to visit the social and religious reformer [[Narayana Guru]] with whom he stayed for about two years.<ref name="Bodheswaran - Veethi profile">{{Cite web |url=https://www.veethi.com/india-people/bodheswaran-profile-2024-30.htm |title=Bodheswaran - Veethi profile |date=8 April 2019 |website=veethi.com |access-date=8 April 2019}}</ref> Subsequently, he travelled throughout India and during a visit to the [[Kashi Vishwanath Temple]], he assumed the name of Bodheswarananda. It was during these travels, he met several [[Sannyasins]] and Indian independence activists; he also had the opportunity to attend the public meetings of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and [[Motilal Nehru]].<ref name="Chattampi Swami: An Intellectual Biography">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-JRfipEdV0C |title=Chattampi Swami: An Intellectual Biography |last1=R. Raman |first1=Nair |last2=L. Sulochana |first2=Devi |publisher=Centre for South Indian Studies |year=2010 |isbn=978-81-905928-2-6 |location=Trivandrum |pages=168–169 |access-date=11 October 2011}}</ref><br />
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Bodheswaran was married to V. K. Karthiyayini Amma, a professor of Sanskrit in the [[Government Sanskrit College, Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref name=ThanuLalita1993p399>{{cite book |title=Women Writing in India: The twentieth century |volume=2 |series=Women Writing in India: 600 B.C. to the Present |editor1-first=Susie J. |editor1-last=Tharu |editor2-first=Ke |editor2-last=Lalita |publisher=Feminist Press |year=1993 |page=399 |isbn=978-1-55861-029-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OjZYf9Xf9bcC&pg=PA399 |access-date=11 October 2011}}</ref> The couple had three daughters, [[:ml:ഹൃദയകുമാരി|Hridayakumari]], [[Sugathakumari]] and Sujatha, all the three being noted writers.<ref name="Bodheswaran - Kerala Literature">{{Cite web |url=http://keralaliterature.com/old/author.php?authid=1416 |title=Bodheswaran - Kerala Literature |date=8 April 2019 |website=keralaliterature.com |access-date=8 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408124153/http://keralaliterature.com/old/author.php%3Fauthid%3D1416 |archive-date=8 April 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="About Author Sujatha Devi">{{Cite web |url=https://keralabookstore.com/about-author/sujatha-devi/2695/ |title=About Author Sujatha Devi |website=keralabookstore.com |language=en |access-date=9 April 2019}}</ref> He died on 3 July 1990, at the age of 88.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" /><br />
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==With Chattampi Swamikal and Narayana Guru==<br />
On his return to Kerala, Bodheswaran was advised by Narayana Guru to meet [[Chattampi Swamikal]], who was known to have been a major influence in his life.<ref name="Bodheswaran - Veethi profile" /> Thereafter, he kept his association with Swamikal, while getting involved the [[Indian freedom struggle]] and made several public speeches which were saide to have attracted large crowds.<ref name="Chattampi Swami: An Intellectual Biography" /> After a short spell during which he favoured the [[Arya Samaj]] movement, he got involved in the [[Vaikom Satyagraha]] and other related events until the [[Temple Entry Proclamation]] of 1936.<ref name="Bodheswaran - Veethi profile" /> He also became a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] and changed his name once more, to Bodheswaran.<ref name="Chattampi Swami: An Intellectual Biography" /><br />
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After [[Partition of India|Indian independence]] Bodheswaran gradually withdrew from active politics, although he remained a Congressman until his death. He lectured and wrote on the subject of Swamikal, his belief as quoted by Nair and Devi is that Swamikal was "an embodiment of perfect knowledge".<ref name="Chattampi Swami: An Intellectual Biography" /><br />
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== Legacy and honours ==<br />
Bodheswaran was known for his poems reflecting nationalistic fervour during his involvement in the [[Indian independence movement]] which included ''Keralaganam'', a popular patriotic song of the times.<ref name="Bodheswaran - Kerala Literature" /><ref name="Singh2015">{{cite book|author=Prerna Singh|title=How Solidarity Works for Welfare: Subnationalism and Social Development in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=229bCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA85|year=2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-07005-9|pages=85–}}</ref> He published six books which, besides poetry anthologies, include a compilation of his speeches.<ref name="List of works">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/Bodeswaran/Html/BodeswaranBooks.htm |title=List of works |date=8 April 2019 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=8 April 2019}}</ref> He attempted to write a comprehensive world history covering the period up to [[World War I]] but could not complete it. ''Suprabhatham'', a amagazine he founded, also had only a short life.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" /><br />
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The Government of India honoured him with the ''Thamra Patra'' (Copper Plaque) for his contributions to the Indian independence movement.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" /> His birth centenary was celebrated in 2002 when [[K. R. Narayanan]], the then president of India, inaugurated ''Bodheshwaran Foundation'', an eponymous organization, for propagating his ideals.<ref name="Bodheswaran foundation inaugurated - Times of India">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/Bodheswaran-foundation-inaugurated/articleshow/30988422.cms |title=Bodheswaran foundation inaugurated - Times of India |website=The Times of India |access-date=8 April 2019}}</ref> ''Keralaganam'', his patriotic song, was declared as the cultural song of Kerala in 2014.<ref name="Bodheswaran - Kerala Literature" /><br />
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== Bibliography ==<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=19545&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520Bodheswaran |title=Thiranhedutha kavithakal (Bodheswaran) |last=Bodheswaran |date=1982}}<br />
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=217611 |title=Raktha Rekhakal (Pusthakam - 1) |last=Bodheswaran |date=1948 }}<br />
* {{Cite book |url=http://103.251.43.202:8080/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=49957 |title=Swathanthra Keralam |last=Bodheswaran |location=Ernakulam}}<br />
* {{Cite book |url=http://103.251.43.202:8080/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=60239 |title=Hrudhayanguram |last=Bodheswaran }}<br />
* {{Cite book |url=http://103.251.43.202:8080/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=295980 |title=Bodheswarante thiranjedutha kavithakal |last1=Bodheswaran |last2=Sugathakumari (editor) |date=2015 |publisher=Priyadarsini |location=Thiruvananthapuram}}<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
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== See also ==<br />
{{Div col|colwidth=40em}}<br />
* [[List of Malayalam-language authors by category]]<br />
* [[List of Malayalam-language authors]]<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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==Further reading==<br />
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&pg=PA558 |title=The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature |volume=1 (A To Devo) |first=Amaresh |last=Datta |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |year=2006 |isbn=978-81-260-1803-1}}<br />
*{{cite book |title=Thiranjedutha Kavithakal |author=Bodheswaran |location=Kottayam |publisher=DC Books |year=1982}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
*{{cite web |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/poetrytheschool.htm |title=Poetry - The Second Generation of Romantics |publisher=Information & Public Relations Department, Government of Kerala |access-date=11 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927043928/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/poetrytheschool.htm |archive-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead }}<br />
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/Bodeswaran/Html/Bodeswaran.htm |title=Portrait commissioned by Kerala Sahitya Akademi |date=5 April 2019 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=5 April 2019}}<br />
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/Bodeswaran/Html/BodeswaranScript.htm |title=Handwriting |date=5 April 2019 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=5 April 2019}}<br />
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZH9zX5D8Fs |title=Jayajaya Komala Kerala - By Jayachandran and Madhuri from National Songs (Album) |last=Devaragangal |date=10 July 2010 |access-date=9 April 2019}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead Youtube links}}<br />
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{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}<br />
{{Narayana Guru}}<br />
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[[Category:Hindu revivalists]]<br />
[[Category:People from Thiruvananthapuram district]]<br />
[[Category:Poets from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Malayali people]]<br />
[[Category:1990 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:1901 births]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:Gandhians]]<br />
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Indian reformers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male writers]]</div>CleanupBot II