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{{short description|Former state of India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox Indian state or territory
| name = Bombay
| official_name = State of Bombay
| former = yes
| type = Former State
| image_seal = Emblem of Bombay State.svg
| seal_size = 200
| image_map = Bombay in India (1951).svg
| region = West India
| capital = Bombay
| largestcity = capital
| govfirst_year = 1950–1952
| gov_first = [[Raja Maharaj Singh]] (First)
| govlast_year = 1956–1962
| gov_last = [[Sri Prakasa]] (Last)
| cmfirst_year = 1946–1952
| cm_first = [[B. G. Kher|Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher]] (First)
| cmlast_year = 1956–1960
| cm_last = [[Yashwantrao Chavan]] (Last)
| year_start = 1950
| formation_date4 = 1950
| consolidation = 1956 (merged [[Kutch State]], [[Saurashtra (state)|Saurashtra State]] and [[Vidarbha]])
| formation_date3 = 1960 (into [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]] states
| year_end = 1960
| p1 = Bombay Presidency
| p2 = Deccan States Agency
| p3 = Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency
| p4 = Saurashtra State
| p5 = Kutch State
| s1 = Maharashtra
| s2 = Gujarat
| flag_p1 = British Raj Red Ensign.svg
| flag_p2 = British Raj Red Ensign.svg
| flag_p3 = British Raj Red Ensign.svg
| flag_p4 = Flag of India.svg
| flag_p5 = Flag of India.svg
| flag_s1 = ..Maharashtra Flag(INDIA).png
| flag_s2 = Flag of Gujarat.svg
}}
[[File:Bombay Prov north 1909.jpg|thumb|240px|Bombay Presidency in 1909, northern portion]]
[[File:Bombay Prov south 1909.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Bombay Presidency]] in 1909, southern portion]]

'''Bombay State''' was a large [[Indian state]] created in 1950 from the erstwhile [[Bombay Presidency]], with other regions being added to it in the succeeding years. [[Bombay Presidency]] (roughly equating to the present-day Indian state of [[Maharashtra]], excluding South Maharashtra and [[Vidarbha]]) was merged with the [[princely state]]s of [[Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency|Baroda, Western India and Gujarat]] (the present-day Indian state of [[Gujarat]]) and the [[Deccan States Agency|Deccan States]] (which included parts of the present-day Indian states of Maharashtra and [[Karnataka]]).

On 1 November 1956, Bombay State was re-organized under the [[States Reorganisation Act]] on linguistic lines, absorbing various territories including the [[Saurashtra State|Saurashtra]] and [[Kutch State|Kutch]] States, which ceased to exist. On 1 May 1960, Bombay State was dissolved and split on linguistic lines into the two states of [[Gujarat]], with [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] speaking [[Gujarati people|population]] and [[Maharashtra]], with [[Marathi language|Marathi]] speaking [[Marathi people|population]].<ref>[[Ramachandra Guha]], ''[[India after Gandhi]]: The History of the World's Largest Democracy.'' HarperCollins, 2007</ref>

==History==
{{main|History of Bombay in independent India}}
During the [[British Raj]], portions of the western coast of India under direct British rule were part of the [[Bombay Presidency]]. After [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence in 1947]] and when [[Partition of India|India was partitioned]], Bombay Presidency remained part of India, while [[Sind province]] became part of [[Pakistan]]. The territory retained by India was restructured into Bombay State when India became a republic in 1950. It included princely states such as [[Kolhapur District|Kolhapur]] in Deccan, and [[Vadodara district|Baroda]] and the [[Dang District, India|Dangs]] in Gujarat, which had former parts of [[Deccan States Agency]] and [[Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency]].<ref>{{Citation
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxcJ1ACY_74C
|last=Bhattacharya
|first=Sanjoy
|year=2006
|title=Expunging Variola: The Control and Eradication of Smallpox in India, 1947–1977
|publisher=Orient Blackswan
|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Kx2919wvrT4C&dq=bombay+state+princely+states&pg=PA18 18]
|isbn=978-81-250-3018-8
|access-date=8 January 2021}}</ref>
===Expansion of the state===
As a result of the [[States Reorganisation Act]] on 1 November 1956, the [[Kannada language|Kannada]]-speaking districts of [[Belgaum district|Belgaum]] (except [[Kolhapur#Chandgad|Chandgad taluka]]), [[Bijapur district, Karnataka|Bijapur]], [[Dharwad district|Dharwar]], and [[Uttara Kannada|North Canara]] were transferred from Bombay State to [[Mysore State]].<ref name="sorg1956">{{cite web
|url=http://www.commonlii.org/in/legis/num_act/sra1956250/
|title=States Reorganization Act 1956
|access-date=1 July 2008
|publisher=Commonwealth Legal Information Institute
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516123014/http://www.commonlii.org/in/legis/num_act/sra1956250/
|archive-date=16 May 2008
}}</ref>
but the State of Bombay was significantly enlarged, expanding eastward to incorporate the [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-speaking [[Marathwada]] region of [[Hyderabad State (1948–56)|Hyderabad State]], the Marathi-speaking [[Vidarbha]] region of southern [[Madhya Pradesh]], and [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]-speaking [[Saurashtra State|Saurashtra]] and [[Kutch State|Kutch]] states. The Bombay state was being referred to by the local inhabitants as "Maha Dwibhashi Rajya", meaning, "the great bilingual state".<ref name=fed>{{Cite book|last=Grover|first=Verinder|author2=Ranjana Arora|title=Federation of India and States' Reorganisation: Reconstruction and Consolidation|publisher=Deep and Deep Publications|isbn=978-81-7100-541-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qu-CbNG66zkC&q=mahagujarat&pg=PA393|access-date=24 November 2012|page=392|year=1994}}</ref>

In 1956, the States Reorganisation Committee, against the will of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], recommended a bilingual state for Maharashtra-Gujarat with Bombay as its capital, whereas in ''[[Lok Sabha]]'' discussions in 1955, the [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]] demanded that the city be constituted as an autonomous city-state.<ref>{{cite news
|url = http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2003/04/13/stories/2003041300240300.htm
|title = The battle for Bombay
|date = 13 April 2003
|access-date = 12 November 2008
|newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050514003803/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2003/04/13/stories/2003041300240300.htm
|archive-date = 14 May 2005
|url-status = usurped
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref> In the 1957 elections, the [[Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti|Samyukta Maharashtra movement]] opposed these proposals, and insisted that Bombay be declared the capital of Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/community/community_samyuktaShow.php
|title=Samyukta Maharashtra
|access-date=12 November 2008
|publisher=[[Government of Maharashtra]]
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006221033/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/community/community_samyuktaShow.php
|archive-date= 6 October 2008
}}</ref>

===Dissolution of Bombay state===
Bombay State was finally dissolved with the formation of [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]] states on 1 May 1960.<ref>{{cite book|title=Political and administrative integration of princely states | first=S. N. | last=Sadasivan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kWptYbzpXE8C&q=UNITED+STATE+OF+KATHIAWAR&pg=PA26|year=2005|publisher=Mittal|isbn=9788170999683}}</ref>

Following protests of [[Samyukta Maharashtra Movement]], in which 107 people were killed by police, Bombay State was reorganised on linguistic lines.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/sons-of-soil-born-reborn/269628/|title=Sons of soil: born, reborn|date=6 February 2008|newspaper=[[The Indian Express|Indian Express Newspapers (Mumbai) Ltd.]]}} Retrieved on 12 November 2008.</ref> [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]-speaking areas of Bombay State were partitioned into the state of Gujarat following [[Mahagujarat Movement]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_gujurat.php|title=Gujarat|access-date=16 January 2008|publisher=[[Government of India]]}}</ref> Maharashtra State with [[Bombay]] as its capital was formed with the merger of [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-speaking areas of Bombay State, eight districts from [[Central Provinces and Berar]], five districts from [[Hyderabad State]], and numerous princely states enclosed between them.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_maharashtra.php|title=Maharashtra|access-date=16 January 2008|publisher=[[Government of India]]}}</ref>

===Chief ministers===
Bombay State had three chief ministers after the independence of India:
*[[Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher]] was the first [[chief minister]] of Bombay (1946–1952)
*[[Morarji Desai]] (1952–1956)
*[[Yashwantrao Chavan]] (1956–1960)

===Governors===
{{see also|List of Governors of Bombay}}
Upon the split of Bombay State in 1960, the designation of the "Governor of Bombay" was renamed to the [[Governor of Maharashtra]].<ref name="raj"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
! #
! Name
! class="unsortable" | Assumed office
! class="unsortable" | Left office
! Years in Office
|-
|1
|[[Raja Maharaj Singh|Raja Sir Maharaj Singh]]
|6 January 1948
|30 May 1952
|4
|-
|2
|[[Girija Shankar Bajpai|Sir Girija Shankar Bajpai]]
|30 May 1952
|5 December 1954
|2
|-
|3
|[[Harekrushna Mahatab]]
|2 March 1955
|14 October 1956
|1
|-
|4
|[[Sri Prakasa]]
|10 December 1956
|16 April 1962
|6
|}
'''Sources''': ''[[Governor of Maharashtra]]''<ref name="raj">{{cite web
|url=http://rajbhavan.maharashtra.gov.in/previous/default.htm
|title=Previous Governors List
|access-date=23 December 2008
|publisher=[[Governor of Maharashtra]]
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206050259/http://rajbhavan.maharashtra.gov.in/previous/default.htm
|archive-date= 6 February 2009
}}</ref> and ''Greater Bombay District Gazetteer''<ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/volume1.html
|title=Greater Bombay District Gazetteer
|series=Maharashtra State Gazetteers
|chapter=List of the Governors of Bombay
|chapter-url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/history.html#40
|volume=I
|year=1986
|access-date=13 August 2008
|publisher=[[Government of Maharashtra]]
|ref=bom
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906220718/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/volume1.html
|archive-date= 6 September 2008
}}</ref>

;Graphical
<onlyinclude><timeline>
ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:12
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:130 left:20
AlignBars = late

DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:1948 till:1960
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:6 start:1948

Colors =
id:canvas value:rgb(0.97,0.97,0.97)
id:PA value:blue legend: Appointed

Legend = columns:2 left:150 top:24 columnwidth:100

Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas

BarData =
barset:TNG

PlotData=
width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
barset:TNG

from:1948 till:1952 color:PA text:"[[Raja Maharaj Singh|Raja Sir Maharaj Singh]] (1948–1952)"
from:1952 till:1954 color:PA text:"[[Girija Shankar Bajpai|Sir Girija Shankar Bajpai]] (1952–1954)"
from:1955 till:1956 color:PA text:"[[Hare Krishna Mahtab]] (1955–1956)"
from:1956 till:1960 color:PA text:"[[Sri Prakasa]] (1956–1960)"
</timeline></onlyinclude>

==See also==
*[[Nana Farari]]
* [[Political integration of India]]
* [[Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti|Samyukta Maharashtra]] movement for a separate [[Marathi people|Marathi]] state
* [[Mahagujarat Movement]] for separate [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] state.
* [[Indulal Yagnik]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{States of India on 26 January 1950}}

{{Coord|18|58|30|N|72|49|33|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Bombay State| ]]
[[Category:History of Gujarat (1947–present)]]
[[Category:History of Maharashtra (1947–present)]]
[[Category:1960 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:1950 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Former states and territories of India]]

Bombay State - Revision history

WikiDwarf at 14:21, 11 July 2023