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{{Short description|River in Odisha, India}}
{{For|tributary of Dwarka in Ganga Basin with same name|Brahmani River (Dwarka)}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Brahmani River
| native_name = {{native name|or|ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣୀ ନଦୀ}}
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| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[Odisha]]
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| length = {{convert|799|km|0|abbr=on}}
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| source1 = Confluence of [[South Koel River]] and [[Sankh River]]
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| source1_coordinates= {{coord|22|14|45|N|84|47|02|E|display=inline}}
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| mouth = [[Bay of Bengal]]
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| mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}}
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| basin_size_km2 = 39033
| tributaries_left = [[Kharasrota River]]
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[[File:Aerial satellite imagery of Brahmani delta, mangrove and beach ridges.JPG|thumb|Aerial satellite imagery of Brahmani delta, mangrove and beach ridges]]
[[Image:Mahanadi.jpg|thumb|right|220px|The Brahmani River System Map (top)]]

The '''Brahmani''' is a major [[seasonal]] river in the [[Odisha]] state of eastern [[India]]. The Brahmani is formed by the confluence of the [[Sankh River|Sankh]] and [[South Koel River|South Koel]] rivers, and flows through the districts of [[Sundargarh district|Sundargarh]], [[Deogarh district|Deogarh]], [[Angul district|Angul]], [[Dhenkanal district|Dhenkanal]], [[Cuttack district|Cuttack]], [[Jajpur district|Jajapur]] and [[Kendrapara district|Kendrapara]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.india9.com/i9show/-Orissa/Brahmani-River-20953.htm |title=Brahmani River in India |access-date=2008-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713102321/https://www.india9.com/i9show/-Orissa/Brahmani-River-20953.htm |archive-date=2019-07-13 }}</ref> Also the South Koel can be considered as the upper reaches of the Brahmani.<ref>{{cite book |author=V.K. Dadhwal |display-authors=etal |url=https://indiawris.gov.in/downloads/Brahmani%20and%20Baitarni%20Basin.pdf |title=Brahmani and Baitarni Basin |date=2014 |publisher=Central Water Commission, National Remote Sensing Center |page=12 |version=Version 2.0}}</ref> Together with the river [[Baitarani River|Baitarani]], Brahmani forms a large delta before emptying into the [[Bay of Bengal]] at Dhamra. It is the second widest river in [[Odisha]] after [[Mahanadi]].

==Sources==
The Brahmani is formed by the confluence of the rivers South Koel and Sankh near the major industrial town of [[Rourkela]] at 22 15'N and 84 47' E. The Sankh has its origins near the [[Jharkhand]]-[[Chhattisgarh]] border, not far from the [[Netarhat]] Plateau. The South Koel too arises in Jharkhand, near [[Lohardaga]], on the other side of a watershed that also gives rise to the [[Damodar River]]. Both of these sources are in the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. The site of the Brahmani's origin is mythologically reputed to be the place where Sage [[Parashara]] fell in love with the fisherman's daughter, [[Satyavati]] who later gave birth to [[Ved Vyasa]], the compiler of the [[Mahabharata]]. The place is thus called Ved Vyasa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V09_016.gif|title = Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 9, page 10 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library}}</ref>

[[Image:Koel river Jaraikela Orissa.png|thumb|right|220px|South Koel river near Jaraikela, Orissa. One of the two tributaries of Brahmani River]]

After assuming the name of Brahmani, the river crosses the Tamra and Jharbera forests, skirting along [[National Highway 23]]. It then passes the town of [[Bonaigarh]] in [[Sundargarh district]] before being dammed at Rengali in [[Anugul]] district. A large reservoir of the same name is created as a consequence. It is then joined from the right by the Tikira (Tikra) and the Singadajore. It then flows through the town of [[Talcher]] before being joined from the right by the [[Nigra (Brahmani)|Nigra]]. It flows past the town of [[Dhenkanal, India|Dhenkanal]] before splitting up into two streams. The main stream flows by the town of [[Jajpur]] Road beyond which it is crossed by [[National Highway 16]] and the [[Kolkata]]-[[Chennai]] mainline of [[East Coast Railway]]. The branch stream called Kimiria receives the waters of the [[Birupa]] (a distributary of the [[Mahanadi river|Mahanadi]], Kelua and Genguti before rejoining the main stream at Indupur). It then flows crisscrossing through [[Pattamundai]]. The river then receives the Kharsuan, on its left bank before merging with the Baitarani, a major river, to form the [[Dhamra river|Dhamra estuary]]. A distributary called Maipara branches off here to join the Bay of Bengal a short distance away while the main stream proceeds northward for a few km more before ultimately meeting the sea near [[Chandbali]] at [[Palmyras Point]]. The Brahmani delta is the site of the [[Bhitarkanika]] wildlife sanctuary, famous for its estuarine [[crocodile]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wikimapia.org/#lat=20.5569383&lon=86.7305374&z=11&l=0&m=a&v=2|title = Wikimapia - Let's describe the whole world!}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Odisha Rivers Profile |date=20 May 2017 |publisher=South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People (SANDRP) |url=https://sandrp.in/2017/05/20/odisha-rivers-profile/ }}</ref>

[[File:Patrapur Bridge on Brahmani River in Pattamundai along SH-9A.jpg|thumb|Patrapur Bridge on Brahmani River in [[Pattamundai]] along SH-9A]]

==Length and catchment==
At about {{convert|480|km|mi}} long, the Brahmani is the second longest river in Odisha after the [[Mahanadi river|Mahanadi]]. However, if its constituent rivers are included, its length extends to about {{convert|799|km|mi}}, of which {{convert|541|km|mi}} are in Odisha. It has a catchment area of about {{convert|39033|km2|mi2}} in Odisha alone.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title = Brahmani River |encyclopedia=Britannica |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/77140/Brahmani-River}}</ref>

==Irrigation projects==
[[File:Mahanadi.jpg|thumb|Map of the Brahmani and Mahanadi rivers]]
Apart from the [[Rengali dam]] mentioned above, there also exists a [[barrage (dam)|barrage]] shortly before [[Talcher]] called Samal Barrage. The Jokadia and the Jenapur [[anicut]]s are the other irrigation projects on the river. Near its [[River delta|mouth]], the river is also integrated with the Odisha Coast Canal of the East Coast Canal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Waterways in Odisha: a new wave of Ecological Destruction |publisher=Manthan Adhyayan Kendra |location=[[Barwani|Badwani, Madhya Pradesh]] |url=https://www.manthan-india.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/Waterways-English.pdf }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hydrography of Odisha}}
{{Mahanadi Basin}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Odisha]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Mahanadi River]]

Brahmani River - Revision history

Wleness at 12:02, 2 January 2026