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[[Image:Bruce Bairnsfather cph.3a03821.jpg|thumb|right|Photo of the author, 1918, by Pirie MacDonald]]<br />
Captain '''Charles Bruce Bairnsfather''' (9 July 1887{{spaced ndash}}29 September 1959) was a prominent British [[humour|humorist]] and [[cartoonist]]. His best-known cartoon character is [[Old Bill (comics)|Old Bill]]. Bill and his pals Bert and Alf featured in Bairnsfather's weekly "Fragments from France" cartoons published weekly in ''[[The Bystander]]'' magazine during the [[First World War]].<br />
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==Early life==<br />
Bairnsfather was born at [[Murree]], [[British India]] (now [[Pakistan]]) to Major Thomas Henry Bairnsfather (1859–1944), of the [[Indian Staff Corps]], and (Amelia) Jane Eliza, daughter of Edward Every-Clayton and granddaughter of Henry Every, 9th [[Every baronets|Baronet]]. His parents were second cousins, both being great-grandchildren of Edward Every, 8th Baronet.<ref>Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 107th edition, vol. 1, ed. Charles Mosley, Burke's Peerage Ltd, 2003, p. 1360</ref><ref>The Biography of Bruce Bairnsfather: In Search of the Better 'Ole, Tonie and Valmai Holt, Pen and Sword Military, 2014, p. 12</ref><br />
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He spent his early life in India, but was brought to England in 1895 to be educated at the [[United Services College]], [[Westward Ho!]], then at [[Stratford-upon-Avon]]. Initially intending a military career, he failed entrance exams to [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst|Sandhurst]] and [[Royal Military Academy, Woolwich|Woolwich]] Military Academies but joined the [[Cheshire Regiment]].<br />
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He resigned in 1907 to become an artist, studying at the [[John Hassall (illustrator)|John Hassall]] School of Art. Unsuccessful at first, he worked as an electrical engineer. Working in this capacity for the [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre|Old Memorial Theatre]], [[Stratford-upon-Avon|Stratford]], brought him into acquaintance with [[Marie Corelli]], who introduced him to [[Thomas Lipton]], a connection that led to commissions to draw advertising sketches for [[Lipton]] tea, [[Player's]] cigarettes, [[Keen's Mustard]], and [[Beecham's Pills]].<br />
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==World War I service==<br />
[[File:Well, if you know of a better &#039;ole, go to it.jpg|thumb|"Well, if you knows of a better 'ole, go to it", Bairnsfather's best-known cartoon, 1915]]<br />
[[File:-Old Bill-, by Bruce Bairnsfather.jpg|thumb|upright|"[[Old Bill (comics)|Old Bill]]", from ''Bullets & Billets'': "First Discovered in the Alluvial Deposits of Southern Flanders. Feeds Almost Exclusively on Jam and Water Biscuits. Hobby: Filling Sandbags, on Dark and Rainy Nights".]]<br />
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In 1914, he joined the [[Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers|Royal Warwickshire Regiment]] as a second lieutenant and served with a [[machine gun]] unit in [[France]] until 1915, when he was hospitalised with [[shell shock|shellshock]] and hearing damage sustained during the [[Second Battle of Ypres]]. Posted to the [[34th Division (United Kingdom)|34th Division]] headquarters on [[Salisbury Plain]], he developed his humorous series for the ''[[Bystander (magazine)|Bystander]]'' about life in the [[trench warfare|trenches]], featuring "Old Bill", a curmudgeonly soldier with trademark [[walrus moustache]] and [[balaclava (clothing)|balaclava]]. The best remembered of these shows Bill with another trooper in a muddy shell hole with shells whizzing all around. The other trooper is grumbling and Bill advises:<br />
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{{quote|Well, If you knows of a better 'ole, go to it.}}<br />
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Many of his cartoons from this period were collected in ''Fragments From France'' (1914) and the autobiographical ''Bullets & Billets'' (1916).<ref>{{Gutenberg|no=11232|name=Bullets & Billets|bullet=none}}</ref><br />
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Despite the immense popularity with the troops and massive sales increase for the ''Bystander'', initially there were objections to the "vulgar caricature". Nevertheless, their success in raising morale led to Bairnsfather's promotion and receipt of a [[War Office]] appointment to draw similar cartoons for other [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] forces.<br />
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==Post-war==<br />
In 1921, Bairnsfather married Cecilia Agnes Scott (née Bruton). She was the divorced wife of eminent golfer [[Michael Scott (golfer)| Michael Scott]].<br />
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"Old Bill" and Bairnsfather himself continued in popularity between the wars. Many police officers of the time had similar facial hair, and that may have led to British police being referred to as ''The Old Bill''. "[[The Bill]]" was a British t.v. series which incorrectly shortened the original commonly-used phrase.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}} Bairnsfather was the subject of one of the first British [[sound film]]s in 1927, wrote and directed the 1928 Canadian film ''[[Carry on, Sergeant! (1928 film)|Carry On Sergeant]]'',{{citation needed|date=May 2012}} and took part in the early [[Alexandra Palace]] television transmissions in 1936. Old Bill appeared in numerous books, plays, musicals and films. Bairnsfather's autobiography, ''Wide Canvas'', appeared in 1939.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bairnsfather|first=Bruce|title=Wide Canvas: An Autobiography|year=1939|publisher=John Long|location=London|pages=252}}</ref><br />
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When the Second World War broke out, Bairnsfather continued Old Bill work, but was not asked to help with the British war effort. Instead, he became official cartoonist to the American forces in Europe, contributing to ''[[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]]'' and ''[[Yank, the Army Weekly|Yank]]'', whilst residing at [[Cresswell House]] in [[Clun]], [[Shropshire]]. He also drew cartoons at American bases and [[nose art]] on aircraft. His works are considered to have influenced artists such as [[Bill Mauldin]].<br />
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During later life, Bairnsfather had found himself typecast as the creator of Old Bill. His ''[[The Times|Times]]'' obituary, discussing his career, came to the conclusion that he was "fortunate in possessing a talent ... which suited almost to the point of genius one particular moment and one particular set of circumstances; and he was unfortunate in that he was never able to adapt, at all happily, his talent to new times and new circumstances".<ref>Capt. Bruce Bairnsfather: Creator Of "Old Bill", ''The Times'', 30 Sep 1959</ref> He died in 1959 of complications from [[bladder cancer]], in [[Worcester, England|Worcester]]. <br />
[[File:The Growth of Democracy by Bruce Bairnsfather 1917.jpg|thumb|right|200px|"The Growth of Democracy" by Bruce Bairnsfather (1917). "Colonel Sir Valtravers Plantagenet gladly accepts a light, during a slight lull in a barrage, from a private in the Benin Rifles".]]<br />
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==Legacy==<br />
{{KML}}<br />
A commemorative [[blue plaque]] appears outside one of his old studios, 1 Sterling Street, [[Knightsbridge]] [[London]] ({{Coord|51.4995|-0.16686|type:landmark_region:GB}}).<ref name="OpenPlaques-584">{{cite web|url=http://openplaques.org/plaques/584|title=Bruce Bairnsfather plaque in London|work=OpenPlaques|accessdate=9 September 2011}}</ref> The blue plaque was initiated by Tonie and Valmai Holt who later wrote Bairnsfather's biography (''In Search of the Better Ole – the Life, the Works and the Collectables of Bruce Bairnsfather'') and also sponsored a memorial plaque to Bairnsfather on the cottage at St Yvon in Belgium at the edge of Plugstreet Wood where Bairnsfather drew his first 'trench' cartoons.<br />
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A plaque commemorating Bruce Bairnsfather was unveiled at his former home, Victoria Spa Lodge, Bishopton, Stratford upon Avon ({{Coord|52.205018|-1.731122|type:landmark_region:GB}}) on 10 September 2005 by cartoonist [[Bill Tidy]].<ref name="Bishopton-2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.brucebairnsfather.org.uk/index_files/page0109.htm|title=Bishopton 2005 Reunion|work=brucebairnsfather.org|accessdate=9 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402090650/http://www.brucebairnsfather.org.uk/index_files/page0109.htm|archive-date=2 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The plaque was instigated by Mark Warby, Editor of ''The Old Bill Newsletter'', the official journal for Bairnsfather enthusiasts and collectors.<br />
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On 24 September 2011, a plaque commemorating Bruce Bairnsfather was unveiled on the wall of Colwall [[Royal British Legion]] Club in Crescent Road, [[Colwall]], near Malvern in Worcestershire. The plaque was instigated by the Colwall Village Society and was unveiled by Mark Warby. Bairnsfather lived in Colwall from 1951 to 1954 and was well known at the British Legion Club in the village.<br />
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<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Bill & Alphie @ Yeo Hall.JPG|210px|thumb|left|Bill & Alphie sculptures at Royal Military College of Canada]] --><br />
Bill & Alphie's, the [[Royal Military College of Canada]]'s on-campus cadet pub in [[Kingston, Ontario]] is named after Bruce Bairnsfather's Great War cartoon characters. Yeo Hall at the College of Canada features sculptures of Bill and Alphie. There is a large mural drawn on the wall of the main staircase in the Royal British Legion Victory House Club in [[Ludlow]], Shropshire.<br />
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==References==<br />
*Mark Bryant, "Bairnsfather, (Charles) Bruce (1887–1959)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, May 2006 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/30541 accessed 2 July 2007]<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
*John Pimm Belcher "Thomas Henry Rafferty" The Original Old Bill of the Better Ole identified by Bruce Bairnsfather in Articles in the Weekly Despatch in August/September 1917 for the first time as Old Bill<br />
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==Further reading==<br />
*Carter, Vivian. ''Bairnsfather, A Few Fragments from His Life''. London: Pub. for 'The Bystander' by Hodder and Stoughton, 1917. {{OCLC|2314045}}<br />
*Holt, Tonie and Valmai. ''In Search of the Better 'Ole, A Biography of Captain Bruce Bairnsfather, including a listing of his Works and Collectables'', Pen and Sword Books, 2001. {{ISBN|0 85052 764-3}} {{OCLC|44534036 }}<br />
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==Filmography==<br />
* ''[[The Better 'Ole]]'' Welsh-Pearson Films (1918)<br />
* ''[[Old Bill Through the Ages]]'' Ideal Films (1924) – personal appearance<br />
* ''[[The Better 'Ole]]'' Warner Bros (1926)<br />
* ''[[Old Bill's Christmas]]'' RKO (1930)<br />
* ''[[Old Bill & Son]]'' Legeran Films (1941)<br />
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==External links==<br />
*{{Official Website|http://www.brucebairnsfather.org.uk}}<br />
*[http://www.olebill.zoomshare.com/ Bruce Bairnsfather and Old Bill Dugout] – The first tribute website<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070311040328/http://www.thelasttommy.com/fragments1.htm Fragments from France] – scans from World War I work<br />
* {{Gutenberg author |id=Bairnsfather,+Bruce | name=Bruce Bairnsfather}}<br />
* {{Librivox author |id=11016}}<br />
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Bruce Bairnsfather}}<br />
*[http://guide-books.co.uk/bairnsfather.html Bairnsfather biography]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090629081932/http://www.bb4h4h.co.uk/ Bairnsfather 50th Anniversary Commemorations] <br />
*[http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=8575 British Pathe film of Bruce Bairnsfather, 1923]<br />
*[http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=79108 British Pathe film showing Bairnsfather sketching Prime Minister David Lloyd George, 1910]<br />
*[http://www.guide-books.co.uk/Bairnsfather.htm a picture history of Bairnsfather's work]<br />
*[https://www.greatwartheatre.org.uk/db/person/1023/ Two works by Bruce Bairnsfather on Great War Theatre]<br />
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[[Category:1887 births]]<br />
[[Category:1959 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:British cartoonists]]<br />
[[Category:British comics artists]]<br />
[[Category:Cheshire Regiment officers]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers officers]]<br />
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War I]]<br />
[[Category:Deaths from bladder cancer]]<br />
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in England]]<br />
[[Category:People from Murree]]<br />
[[Category:Participants of the Christmas truce of 1914]]<br />
[[Category:Military personnel of British India]]</div>Bot