DougHuonDeKermad at 04:14, 18 December 2025

2025-12-18T04:14:21Z

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{{Short description|Species of amphibian}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
| status = DD
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{Cite iucn | author = Annemarie Ohler | author2 = Saibal Sengupta |name-list-style=amp | title = ''Pedostibes kempi'' | volume = 2004 | article-number = e.T16469A5918031 | date = 2004 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T16469A5918031.en | access-date = 3 January 2018}}</ref>
| taxon = Bufoides kempi
| authority = ([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1919)
| synonyms = {{species list
| Nectophryne kempi | Boulenger, 1919
| Pedostibes kempi | (Boulenger, 1919) }}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=Frost/>
}}

'''''Bufoides kempi''''' is a species of [[true toad]], family [[Bufonidae]].<ref name=Frost/> This poorly known species is [[endemic]] to [[Meghalaya]], [[Northeast India]].<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=Frost/> It is only known with certainty from its [[type series]] (two [[syntypes]]) collected "above Tura" at {{convert|2500|ft|m|abbr=on}} in the [[Garo Hills]] no later than 1919;<ref name=IUCN/> there is also a possible record<ref name="Chandramouli and Amarasinghe 2016"/> collected at around 2009.<ref name="Das et al. 2009"/> Its common names are '''Kemp's Asian tree toad''', '''Garo Hills toad''', and '''Garo Hills tree toad'''.<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=Frost/> The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''kempi'' honours [[Stanley Wells Kemp]], an English zoologist and anthropologist.<ref name="Beolens et al. 2013"/>

==Taxonomy and systematics==
The species was [[species description|described]] in 1919 by [[George Albert Boulenger]] as ''Nectophryne kempi''. [[Thomas Barbour]] placed it in ''[[Pedostibes]]'' instead.<ref name=Frost/> In 2016, Chandramouli and Amarasinghe transferred it to ''Bufoides'' based on shared morphological characteristics with ''[[Bufoides meghalayanus]]''. They might even represent the same species; however, new material would be needed to settle this question.<ref name="Chandramouli and Amarasinghe 2016"/>

==Description==
The types measure {{convert|30|and|17|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} in snout–vent length; the smaller one is a sub-adult and both are unsexed. The snout is rounded. No [[Tympanum (anatomy)|tympanum]] is visible. The [[parotoid gland]]s are oval. The fingers have basal webbing and the toes moderate webbing. Both the fingers and the toes bare small terminal discs. Skin is granular with small, scattered warts. The granulation is most intense on the flanks; the [[Dorsum (anatomy)|dorsal]] granules are larger than ventral ones. The preserved specimens are black ventrally; the larger one has olive brown dorsum whereas the smaller one is black throughout.<ref name="Chandramouli and Amarasinghe 2016"/>

If the 36-mm specimen collected from Tura at around 2009<ref name="Das et al. 2009"/> is ''Bufoides kempi'',<ref name="Chandramouli and Amarasinghe 2016"/> then it represents the largest known specimen and a recent record of this species.

==Habitat and conservation==
Little is known about the ecology and population status of this species. It is [[Arboreal locomotion|arboreal]]<ref name=IUCN/> or {{Linktext|rupicolous}}<ref name="Chandramouli and Amarasinghe 2016"/> and associated with [[semi-evergreen]] forest. It probably breeds in streams. It is not known to occur in any protected area.<ref name=IUCN/>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="Beolens et al. 2013">{{cite book |last1 = Beolens | first1 = Bo | last2 = Watkins | first2 = Michael | last3 = Grayson | first3 = Michael |name-list-style=amp |title=The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJY3BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA112 |date=2013 |publisher=Pelagic Publishing |isbn=978-1-907807-42-8 |page=112}}</ref>

<ref name="Chandramouli and Amarasinghe 2016">{{Cite journal |last1=Chandramouli |first1=S. R. |last2=Amarasinghe |first2=A. A. Thasun |name-list-style=amp |date=2016 |title=Taxonomic reassessment of the arboreal toad genus ''Pedostibes'' Günther 1876 (Anura: Bufonidae) and some allied oriental bufonid genera |journal=Herpetologica |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=137–147 |doi=10.1655/herpetologica-d-15-00053|s2cid=89533353 }}</ref>

<ref name="Das et al. 2009">{{cite journal |last1=Das |first1=I. |last2=Rangad |first2=D. |last3=Lyngdoh |first3=R.K. |last4=Deuti |first4=K. |last5=Hooroo |first5=R.N.K. |name-list-style=amp |year=2009 |title=Rediscovery of the endangered Khasi Hills rock toad, ''Bufoides meghalayana'' in Meghalaya, Northeastern India |journal=FrogLog |volume=92 |issue=December 2009 |pages=1–4 |url=http://www.amphibians.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Froglog92.pdf |access-date=2018-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124074050/http://www.amphibians.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Froglog92.pdf |archive-date=2013-01-24 }}</ref>

<ref name=Frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/index.php//Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufoides/Bufoides-kempi |title=''Bufoides kempi'' (Boulenger, 1919) |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2018 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=8 March 2018}}</ref>
}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3061198}}

[[Category:Bufoides|kempi]]
[[Category:Frogs of India]]
[[Category:Endemic amphibians of India]]
[[Category:Amphibians described in 1919]]
[[Category:Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger]]
[[Category:Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN]]

Bufoides kempi - Revision history

DougHuonDeKermad at 04:14, 18 December 2025