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{{short description|House, primarily of a single storey}}
{{for|the suburb in Cairns, Australia|Bungalow, Queensland}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}
[[File:George L. Burlingame House, 1238 Harvard St, Houston (HDR).jpg|thumb|right|300px|A bungalow house in [[Houston, Texas]]]]

A '''bungalow''' is a small [[house]] or [[cottage]] that is either single-[[Storey|story]] or has a second story built into a sloping roof (usually with [[dormer window]]s),<ref name=":0">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JNEeKsVkXg0C&pg=PA12|title=Bungalow Details: Exterior|last=Powell|first=Jane|year=2004|isbn=978-1-4236-1724-2|page=12}}</ref> and may be surrounded by wide [[veranda]]s.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Definition of BUNGALOW">{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bungalow|title=Definition of BUNGALOW|website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref>

The first house in England that was classified as a bungalow was built in 1869.<ref name=":0" /> In America it was initially used as a vacation architecture, and was most popular between 1900 and 1918,{{sfn|Powell|2004|p=22}} especially with the [[Arts and Crafts movement]].{{sfn|Powell|2004|p=23}}<ref name="Definition of BUNGALOW"/>

The term bungalow is derived from the word {{lang|hi|[[Bengali language|bangla]]}} (meaning "[[Bengal]]i") and used [[Ellipsis (linguistics)|elliptically]] to mean "a house in the [[Bengal]] style."<ref>''[[Online Etymology Dictionary]]'', "bungalow"; [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=bungalow&searchmode=none Online Etymology Dictionary]</ref>

== Design considerations ==
[[File:Bangalod Belmont-Hillsboro naabruskonnas Nashvilles, Tennessees, U.S..jpg|thumb|left|Rows of bungalows in the Belmont-Hillsboro neighborhood of [[Nashville, Tennessee]], United States]]
[[File:Colonial-Style Bungalow - Hastings Road - Allahabad - Uttar Pradesh - India (12564239855).jpg|thumb|right|Colonial-era style Bungalow in [[Allahabad]], India]]

Bungalows are very convenient for the homeowner in that all living areas are on a single-story and there are no [[stairs]] between living areas. A bungalow is well suited to persons with impaired mobility, such as the elderly or those in wheelchairs.

Neighborhoods of only bungalows offer more privacy than similar neighborhoods with two-story houses. As bungalows are one or one and a half stories, strategically planted trees and shrubs are usually sufficient to block the view of neighbors. With two-story houses, the extra height requires much taller trees to accomplish the same, and it may not be practical to place such tall trees close to the building to obscure the view from the second floor of the next door neighbor. Bungalows provide cost-effective residences. On the other hand, even closely spaced bungalows make for quite low-density neighborhoods, contributing to [[urban sprawl]]. In Australia, bungalows have broad [[verandahs|verandas]] to shade the interior from intense sun. But as a result they are often excessively dark inside, requiring artificial light even in daytime.

=== Cost and space considerations ===
On a per unit area basis (e.g. per square meter or per square foot), bungalows are more expensive to construct than two-story houses, because the same foundation and roof is required for a smaller living area.

Although the 'footprint' of a bungalow is often a simple rectangle, any foundation is theoretically possible. For bungalows with [[masonry|brick walls]], the windows are often positioned high, and are close to the roof. This architectural technique avoids the need for special [[arch]]es or [[lintel]]s to support the brick wall above the windows. However, in two-story houses, there is no choice but to continue the brick wall above the window.{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}

== By region ==
=== Australia ===

[[File:23 Waimea Road, Lindfield, New South Wales (2011-04-28).jpg|thumb|right|A California bungalow-inspired style house in the Sydney suburb of [[Lindfield, New South Wales|Lindfield]]]]

From 1891 the [[Federation Bungalow]] style swept across [[Australia]], first in [[Camberwell, Victoria]], and through [[North Sydney, New South Wales|Sydney's northern suburbs]] after 1895. The developer Richard Stanton built in Federation Bungalow style first in [[Haberfield, New South Wales]], the first Garden Suburb (1901), and then in [[Rosebery, New South Wales]] (1912). Beecroft, Hornsby and Lindfield contain many examples of Federation Bungalows built between 1895 and 1920.

From about 1908 to the 1930s, the [[California Bungalow]] style was very popular in [[Australia]] with a rise of interest in single-family homes and planned urban communities.{{sfn | King | 1995 | pp=237-238}} The style first saw widespread use in the suburbs of [[Sydney, New South Wales|Sydney]].{{sfn | King | 1995 | p=238}} It then spread throughout the Australian states and [[New Zealand]].

In [[South Australia]], the suburb of [[Colonel Light Gardens, South Australia|Colonel Light Gardens]] contains many well-preserved bungalow developments.

=== Bangladesh ===
In rural [[Bangladesh]], the concept is often called ''Bangla ghar'' ("Bengali Style House") and remain popular. The main construction material is corrugated steel sheets or red clay tiles, while past generations used wood, bamboo, and ''khar'' straw. This straw was used to form roofs, keeping the house cooler during hot summer days.

=== Canada ===
[[Canada]] uses the definition of a bungalow to mean a single-family dwelling that is one storey high.<ref>{{cite web|title=Benchmark Home Definitions|url=http://www.crea.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/benchmark_home_definitions_for_tableau_en.pdf|website=[[Canadian Real Estate Association]]|access-date=23 August 2017}}</ref>

=== India ===
[[File:Heritage Block, the Taj West End, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|220px|A modern Indian bungalow in an affluent area near [[Bangalore]], [[India]].]]
[[File:Manale Tea Bungalow, Munnar.jpg|left|thumb|228px|The Manale Tea Bungalow, one of the oldest bungalows in [[Kerala]], [[India]].]]

In [[India]], the term ''bungalow'' or ''villa'' refers to any single-family unit, as opposed to an [[apartment building]], which is the norm for Indian [[middle-class]] city living. The normal custom for an Indian bungalow is one story,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.architectural-review.com/places/asia-pacific/india/the-origin-and-indigenisation-of-the-imperial-bungalow-in-india/10007149.article|title=The origin and indigenisation of the Imperial bungalow in India|first1=Miki|last1=Desai|first2=Madhavi|last2=Desai|website=Architectural Review|date=22 June 2016}}</ref> but as time progressed many families built larger two-story houses to accommodate humans and pets. The area with bungalows built in 1920s–1930s in [[New Delhi]] is now known as [[Lutyens' Bungalow Zone]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zCQlDwAAQBAJ&q=New+delhi+bungalow+architectural+heritage+area&pg=PA394|title=Architectural Conservation in Asia: National Experiences and Practice|first1=John H.|last1=Stubbs|first2=Robert G.|last2=Thomson|date=10 November 2016|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781317406198|via=Google Books}}</ref> and is an architectural heritage area. In [[Bandra]], a suburb of India's commercial capital [[Mumbai]], numerous colonial-era bungalows exist; they are threatened by removal and replacement of ongoing development.

In a separate usage, the [[dak bungalow]]s formerly used by the British mail service have been adapted for use as centers of local government or as rural hostels.

=== Ireland ===
[[File:Moville Bungalow 2.jpg|thumb|A typical small bungalow near [[Moville]], [[County Donegal|Donegal]] in Ireland.]]
The bungalow is the most common type of house built in the Irish countryside. During the [[Celtic Tiger]] years of the late 20th century, single-storey bungalows declined as a type of new construction, and residents built more two-storey or dormer bungalows.{{Citation needed|date=April 2009}} There was a trend in both the [[Republic of Ireland]] and [[Northern Ireland]] of people moving into rural areas and buying their own plots of land. Often these plots were large, so a one-storey bungalow was quite practical, particularly for retirees.

=== Germany ===
[[File:2012-03-27 Bonn Kanzlerbungalow.JPG|thumb|alt=Kanzlerbungalow|[[Sep_Ruf#Chancellor's Bungalow Bonn|Kanzlerbungalow by Sep Ruf]], from 1964 to 1999 the residence of the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany in [[Bonn#20th century and the "Bonn Republic"|Bonn]].]]
In [[Germany]] a bungalow refers to a single storey house with a flat roof. This building style was most popular during the 1960s. The two criteria are mentioned in contemporary literature e.g. ''Landhaus und Bungalow'' by Klara Trost (1961).<ref>{{cite book |last=Trost|first=Klara|title=Landhaus und Bungalow|publisher= Ullstein Fachverlag|year=1961|location=Frankfurt am Main, West-Germany}}</ref>

=== Singapore and Malaysia ===
[[File:Moonlight bungalow.jpg|thumb|right| "Moonlight" bungalow (now known as the [[Jim Thompson (designer)|Jim Thompson]] cottage) is a mock [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor-styled]] mansion located in the [[Cameron Highlands]], [[Pahang]], [[Malaysia]]. The pre-war house is still a draw for the many who have had an interest in the mysterious [[disappearance of Jim Thompson]] in the [[Cameron Highlands]].]]
[[File:Bungalow02.jpg|thumb|200px|left| A heritage bungalow located in the heart of [[Singapore]]’s civic district. Today, the bungalow serves as part of an “urban plaza” where upmarket furnishings from [[Europe]] and [[America]] are promoted.<ref>{{cite news |title=Space invaders |newspaper= Today|date=30 May 2011 |page=7}}</ref>]]
In [[Singapore]] and [[Malaysia]], the term ''bungalow'' is sometimes used to refer to a house that was built during the colonial era. The structures were constructed "from the early 19th century until the end of World War II."<ref>{{cite book |last=Davison|first=Julian|title=Black and White: The Singapore House 1898–1941|publisher= Talisman Publishing Pte Ltd|year=2006|isbn=981052739X}}</ref> They were built by the British to house their "military officers, High Court judges and other members of the colonial society's great and good."<ref>{{cite news |title=Black and whites draw many expats |work= The Straits Times| date=14 October 2011|page=B22}}</ref>

At present, there is still a high demand for colonial-era bungalows in [[Singapore]] and [[Malaysia]]. Most of the units are used as residences. Over the years, some have been transformed into offices, hotels, galleries, spas and restaurants.<ref>{{cite news |title=Table Talk: Singapore's This Old House |work=The New York Times |date= 23 September 2007|page=618}}</ref>

In the post-colonial period, the term ''bungalow'' has been adapted and used to refer to any stand-alone residence, regardless of size, architectural style, or era in which it was built. Calling a house a bungalow often carries with it connotations of the price and status of the residence, and thus the wealth of its owner. Local real estate lingo commonly includes the word "bungalow" when referring to residences that are more normally described as "detached", "single-family homes", or even "mansions" in other countries. The pervasiveness of the word in the local jargon has resulted in ''bungalow'' being imported into the [[Malay language]] as the word ''banglo'' with the same meaning.

=== South Africa ===
In [[South Africa]], the term ''bungalow'' refers to a single storey,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsae.co.za/entry/bungalow/e01356|title=bungalow - definition of bungalow in a Dictionary of South African English - DSAE|website=www.dsae.co.za}}</ref> detached house. It may be implied that it is a temporary residence, such as a holiday home or student housing.

=== United Kingdom ===
[[File:Bungalow United Kingdom.jpg|thumb|Bungalow in Britain]]
The first two bungalows in [[England]] were built in [[Westgate-on-Sea]] in 1869 or 1870. A bungalow was a prefabricated single-storey building used as a seaside holiday home. Manufacturers included [[Boulton & Paul Ltd]], who made corrugated iron bungalows as advertised in their 1889 catalogue, which were erected by their men on the purchaser's light brickwork foundation.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mallory|first=Keith|title=The Bristol House|publisher= Redcliffe Press Ltd|year=1985|isbn=0905459997}}</ref> Examples include [[Woodhall Spa Cottage Museum]],<ref name="MornemontHolloway">{{cite book |last1=Mornement |first1=Adam |last2=Holloway |first2=Simon |title=Corrugated Iron: Building on the Frontier |date=2007 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |isbn=9780393732405 |page=50 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Km8Xc8UXXv4C&q=%22cottage+museum%22+++%22woodhall+spa%22&pg=PA50 |access-date=9 January 2019}}</ref> and Castle Bungalow at [[Peppercombe]], North Devon, owned by the [[Landmark Trust]]; it was built by Boulton and Paul in the 1920s. Construction of this type of bungalow peaked towards the end of the decade, to be replaced by brick construction.

Bungalows became popular in the [[United Kingdom]] between the two World Wars and very large numbers were built, particularly in coastal resorts, giving rise to the pejorative adjective, "bungaloid", first found in the ''[[Daily Express]]'' from 1927: "Hideous [[Allotment (gardening)|allotment]]s and bungaloid growth make the approaches to any city repulsive".<ref>OED, "bungaloid"</ref> Many villages and seaside resorts have large estates of 1960s bungalows, usually occupied by retired people. The typical 1930s bungalow is square in plan, with those of the 1960s more likely to be oblong. It is rare for the term "bungalow" to be used in [[British English]] to denote a dwelling having other than a single storey, in which case "chalet bungalow", (see below) is used.

== Styles ==

[[File:Harriet Phillips Bungalow.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Harriet Phillips Bungalow]], an American Craftsman Bungalow in [[Claverack-Red Mills, New York|Claverack]], [[New York (state)|New York]]]]

=== Airplane bungalow ===

{{Main|Airplane Bungalow}}

Although stylistically related to others, the special characteristic of the [[Airplane Bungalow]] was its single room on a second storey, surrounded by windows, designed as a sleeping room in summer weather with all-around access to breezes. This variant developed in [[California]] in the 1910s, had appeared in [[El Paso, Texas]] by April 1916, and became most prevalent in the western half of the U.S., and southwestern and western [[Canada]].

=== American Craftsman bungalow ===

The [[American Craftsman]] bungalow typified the styles of the American [[Arts and Crafts movement]], with common features usually including low-pitched roof lines on a gabled or hipped roof, deeply overhanging eaves, exposed rafters or decorative brackets under the eaves, and a front porch or veranda beneath an extension of the main roof.

[[Sears Catalog Home|Sears Company]] and [[The Aladdin Company]] were two of the manufacturing companies that produced [[Kit house|pre-fab kits]] and sold them from catalogues for construction on sites during the turn of the 20th century.

=== Bungalow colony ===

A special use of the term ''bungalow'' developed in the greater [[New York City]] area, between the 1930s and 1970s, to denote a cluster of small rental summer homes, usually in the [[Catskill Mountains]] in the area known as the [[Borscht Belt]]. First- and second-generation [[American Jews|Jewish-American]] families were especially likely to rent such houses. The old bungalow colonies continue to exist in the Catskills, and are occupied today chiefly by [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic Jews]].

=== California bungalow ===
{{Main|California bungalow}}
[[File:California bungalow in Alexandria, Virginia.jpg|thumb|left|California Bungalow]]

The [[California bungalow]] was a widely popular {{frac|1|1|2}}-storey variation on the bungalow in the United States from 1910 to 1925. It was also widely popular in [[Australia]] within the period 1910–1940.

=== Chalet bungalow ===

A bungalow with loft has a second-storey [[loft]]. The loft may be extra space over the garage. It is often space to the side of a [[great room]] with a [[vaulted ceiling]] area. The building is marketed as a bungalow with loft because the main living areas of the house are on one floor. All the convenience of single-floor living still applies and the loft is not expected to be accessed on a daily basis.

Some have extra bedrooms in the loft or attic area. Such buildings are really one-and-a-half storeys and not bungalows, and are referred to in [[British English]] as "chalet bungalows" or as "dormer bungalows". "Chalet bungalow" is also used in British English for where the area enclosed within pitched roof contains rooms, even if this comprises a large part of the living area and is fully integrated into the fabric of the property.

True bungalows do not use the attic. Because the attic is not used, the roof pitch can be quite shallow, constrained only by [[snow]] load considerations.

=== Chicago bungalow ===
[[Image:summer 2006 0882.jpg|thumb|right|A 1925 Chicago bungalow]]
The majority of [[Chicago]] bungalows were built between 1910 and 1940. They were typically constructed of brick (some including decorative accents), with one-and-a-half storeys and a full basement. With more than 80,000 bungalows, the style represents nearly one-third of [[Chicago]]'s single-family housing stock.<ref>[https://www.chicagobungalow.org/chicago-bungalow The Chicago Bungalow], Chicago Bungalow Association</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Darcel |last=Rockett |date=14 January 2019 |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/classified/realestate/ct-re-chicago-bungalows-20190120-story.html |title='These Homes Represented the American Ideal': How Chicago Bungalow Owners Cherish – and Renovate – Their Historic Houses |work=Chicago Tribune |access-date=20 January 2019}}</ref> One primary difference between the Chicago bungalow and other types is that the [[gable]]s are parallel to the street, rather than perpendicular. Like many other local houses, [[Chicago]] bungalows are relatively narrow,<ref>[http://tigger.uic.edu/depts/ahaa/imagebase/buildings/Files/Bungalow.html The Chicago Bungalow], Field Guide to Chicago Area Buildings</ref> being an average of {{convert|20|ft|m}} wide on a standard {{convert|24|ft|m|adj=on}} or {{convert|25|ft|m|adj=on}} wide city lot. Their veranda (porch) may either be open or partially enclosed (if enclosed, it may further be used to extend the interior rooms).

=== Michigan bungalow ===
There are numerous examples of [[Arts and Crafts movement|Arts and Crafts]] bungalows built from 1910 to 1925 in the metro-Detroit area, including [[Royal Oak, Michigan|Royal Oak]], [[Pleasant Ridge, Michigan|Pleasant Ridge]], [[Hazel Park]], [[Highland Park, Michigan|Highland Park]] and [[Ferndale, Michigan|Ferndale]]. Keeping in line with the principles of the [[Arts and Crafts movement]], the bungalows were constructed using local building materials.

=== Milwaukee bungalow ===
A large fraction of the older residential buildings in [[Milwaukee|Milwaukee, Wisconsin]], are bungalows in a similar [[American Craftsman|Arts and Crafts style]] to those of [[Chicago]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emke.uwm.edu/entry/milwaukee-bungalow/|title=Milwaukee Bungalow}}</ref> but usually with the [[gable]] perpendicular to the street. Also, many [[Milwaukee]] bungalows have white [[stucco]] on the lower portion of the exterior.

=== Overwater bungalow ===
{{see|Stilt house}}
[[File:Four Seasons Resort Bora Bora.jpg|thumb|Tourist water villas in [[French Polynesia]]]]
The overwater bungalow is a form of, mainly high end, tourist accommodation inspired by the traditional [[stilt house]]s of South Asia and the Pacific. The first overwater bungalows were constructed on the [[French Polynesia]]n island of Ra’iātea in 1967 by three American hotel owners, Jay Carlisle, Donald McCallum and Hugh Kelley.

They had wanted to attract tourists to [[Raiatea|Ra’iātea]], and to their hotel, but the island had no real beaches and so to overcome this handicap they decided to build hotel rooms directly on the water using large wooden poles. These structures they called overwater bungalows and they were an immediate success.

By the seventies tourism to [[French Polynesia]] and the [[List of islands in the Pacific Ocean|Pacific Islands]] in general was booming and overwater bungalows, sometimes by then called water villas, became synonymous with the region, particularly for honeymoons and romantic getaways. Soon this new tradition spread to many other parts of [[Asia]], The [[Maldives]] being the best example, and other parts of the world including, in the last twenty years, many parts of [[Caribbean|the Caribbean]]. The first overwater bungalow resort in [[Mexico]] opened in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-24 |title=Riviera Maya Overwater Bungalows: Mexico Luxury Beach Escapes {{!}} Roam Mexico |url=https://roammexico.com/riviera-maya-overwater-bungalows/ |access-date=2022-05-21 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Their proliferation would have been much greater but for the fact that overwater bungalows need certain conditions to be structurally viable, i.e. that the water surrounding them be consistently very calm. Ideally the type of water that can be found in the [[lagoon]]s and [[atoll]]s of The [[Maldives]] or [[Bora Bora]] or, at the very least, that of an extremely sheltered [[bay]]. Therefore, despite their popularity, they still remain something of a touristic novelty.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kennedy|first1=Barbara Noe|date=17 August 2017|title=The tropical overwater bungalow — long a symbol of relaxation and luxury — turns 50|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/travel/the-tropical-overwater-bungalow--long-a-symbol-of-relaxation-and-luxury--turns-50/2017/08/17/fb5d3c0e-6e55-11e7-b9e2-2056e768a7e5_story.html|access-date=23 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=About Dream Over Water|url=https://dreamoverwater.com/about-dream-over-water/|access-date=24 December 2020|website=Dream Overwater Bungalows|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Raised bungalow ===
{{See also|Split-level home}}
A raised bungalow is one in which the [[basement]] is partially above ground. The benefit is that more light can enter the basement with above ground windows in the basement. A raised bungalow typically has a [[foyer]] at ground level that is halfway between the first floor and the basement. Thus further has the advantage of creating a foyer with a very high ceiling without the expense of raising the roof or creating a skylight. Raised bungalows often have the garage in the basement. Because the basement is not that deep, and the ground must slope downwards away from the building, the slope of the driveway is quite shallow. This avoids the disadvantage of steep driveways found in most other basement garages. Bungalows without basements can still be raised, but the advantages of raising the bungalow are much less.

=== Ranch bungalow ===
[[Image:Bungalow Med Res.jpg|thumb|Ranch bungalow in Palo Alto, California, United States]]

A ranch bungalow is a bungalow organized so that bedrooms are on one side and "public" areas (kitchen, living/dining/family rooms) are on the other side. If there is an attached garage, the garage is on the public side of the building so that a direct entrance is possible, when this is allowed by legislation. On narrower lots, public areas are at the front of the building and such an organization is typically not called a "ranch bungalow". Such buildings are often smaller and have only two bedrooms in the back as required.

=== Ultimate bungalow ===
The term ''[[ultimate bungalow]]'' is commonly used to describe a very large and detailed [[American Craftsman|Craftsman]]-style house in the United States. The design is usually associated with such [[California]] architects as [[Greene and Greene]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-11-03-tm-3883-story.html|title=HALCYON DAYS : Greene and Greene's Gamble House, the Ultimate Bungalow|date=3 November 1985|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> [[Bernard Maybeck]], and [[Julia Morgan]].

==See also==
* [[Vernacular architecture]]
* [[Shotgun house]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
*{{Cite book
| title = The Bungalow: The Production of a Global Culture
| first = Anthony D.
| last = King
| edition = 2nd
| year = 1995
| isbn = 9780195095234
| publisher = Oxford University Press}}
*{{Cite book
| title = Black and White: The Singapore House 1898–1941
| first = Julian
| last = Davison
| edition =
| year = 2006
| isbn = 981052739X
| publisher = Talisman Publishing Pte Ltd}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline|Bungalows}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Bungalow architecture| ]]
[[Category:House types]]
[[Category:Vernacular architecture]]

Bungalow - Revision history

ImportMaster at 12:41, 21 May 2022