Budhu at 05:34, 23 March 2026

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{{Short description|19th century Punjabi historian (died 1850)}}

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'''Ghulam Muhy-ud-Din Ludhianvi''', better known as '''Bute Shah''' (died {{Circa|1850}}) was a 19th-century historian from [[Punjab]]. He authored the [[Persian language|Persian]]-language work ''Twarikh-i-Panjab'' ("The History of Punjab") in 1848.<ref name="eos">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Twarikh-i-Panjab |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia Of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University Patiala |url=https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIvS-z/page/374/mode/1up |last=Singh |first=Bhagat |date=2004 |editor1-last=Singh |editor1-first=Harbans |edition=Second |volume=IV S–Z |pages=374–375 |language=English |isbn=81-7380-530-X |editor1-link=Harbans Singh}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Yasmeen|first=Robina|date=December 2025|title=Unlocking the Daftar: Unexplored Archives of the Sikh Empire in Lahore (1801–1849)|url=https://www.academia.edu/145773998/Unlocking_the_Daftar_Unexplored_Archives_of_the_Sikh_Empire_in_Lahore_1801_1849|journal=Pakistan Vision|volume=26|issue=2|pages=1–14|via=academia.edu}}</ref>

Bute Shah belonged to an [[Awan (tribe)|Awan]] family from [[Ludhiana]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Richard Saumarez |url= |title=Rule by Records: Land Registration and Village Custom in Early British Panjab |date=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-563673-4 |pages=92 |language=en}}</ref> and was employed by the British [[Political Resident]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Bhagat |date=April 1992 |title=Ghulam Muhayy-ud-Din Alias Bute Shah |url=https://archive.org/details/ThePunjabPastAndPresent-Volume26Part1/mode/1up |journal=The Panjab Past and Present |language=en |publisher=Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University |volume=XXVI |issue=1 |pages=134-149 |issn=0031-0786}}</ref> He was in the British emissary which was sent to the court of [[Ranjit Singh]] in 1837, where he along with the delegation met the ''[[maharaja]]'' in the company of [[Fakir Azizuddin]] and was granted a [[robe of honour]] and 100 rupees, according to [[Sohan Lal Suri]].<ref name=":0" />

Bute Shah wrote his ''Twarikh-i-Panjab'' on the request of [[George Russell Clerk]] who had succeeded [[Claude Martin Wade]] as the Political Resident in 1840.<ref name="eos" /> He completed this work in 1848. He divided it into a ''muqadama'' (introduction), five ''daftars'' or sections and a ''khatima'' (epilogue).<ref name="eos" /> His history starts from the earliest times to the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War|annexation of Punjab]] by the British. Bute Shah used a variety of sources: the religious texts of [[Hindus]] including ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'' and ''[[Mahabharata]]'' for reconstructing the early history of Punjab; [[Tarikh Yamini|''Tarikh-i-Yamini'']], ''[[Habib al-siyar]]'', ''[[Tarikh-i Alfi|Tarikh-i-Alfi]]'' and other chronicles for the Muslim period; and especially the ''[[Umdat-ut-Tawarikh]]'' of Sohan Lal Suri for the events during the reign of Ranjit Singh, in writing his book.<ref name="eos" /><ref name=":0" /> The introduction, which dealt with the geography and the main places of Punjab, was translated by Munshi Bahlol into [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and published after the death of Bute Shah by the [[Ludhiana Mission Press|American Presbyterian Mission at Ludhiana]] in 1850.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Bute |url=https://www.google.com.pk/books/edition/Geographical_Description_of_the_Panjab_i/OEZQ0AEACAAJ?hl=en |title=Geographical Description of the Panjab, in Panjabi: Translated From the Persian of Bute Shah, By Munshi Bahlol |date=1850 |publisher=The American Presbyterian Mission Press |location=Lodiana |pages=iii-iv |language=Punjabi |translator-last=Bahlol |translator-first=Munshi |chapter=Preface |oclc=1243901951}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Mufti Ali-ud-Din]]
* [[Nizam al-Din 'Ishrat Sialkoti]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1850s deaths]]
[[Category:People from Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:19th-century historians]]

Bute Shah - Revision history

Budhu at 05:34, 23 March 2026