>Tom.Reding at 11:12, 3 June 2021

2021-06-03T11:12:16Z

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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Buxar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Buxar district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Bihar|District of Bihar]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = Landscape of Paddy Fields near Buxar Town, Bihar.jpg
| image_caption = Paddy fields near [[Buxar]]
| image_map = Bihar district location map Buxar.svg
| map_caption = Location of Buxar district in Bihar
| image_map1 = Buxar district map.png
| map_caption1 = Map divisions of Buxar district
| coordinates = {{coord|25|33|53|N|83|58|40|E}}
| coor_pinpoint = Buxar
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of Bihar|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Patna division|Patna]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 1992
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Buxar]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Blocks]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = {{collapsible list|bullets=yes | title = Block List (11)
|1=Buxar
|2=Itarhi
|3=Chausa
|4=Rajpur
|5=Dumraon
|6=Nawanagar
|7=Brahmpur
|8=Kesath
|9=Chakki
|10=Chaugain
|11=Simri
}}
| area_total_km2 = 1624
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1,706,352
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban = 1,64,499
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 70.14%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 922
| leader_title = [[Member of Parliament]]
| leader_name = [[Ashwini Kumar Choubey]]
| leader_title1 = District Magistrate
| leader_name1 = Aman Samir (IAS)
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate = BR-44
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Indian road network|Major Highways]]
| blank_info_sec2 = NH-84
| website = {{URL|https://buxar.nic.in/}}
| official_name =
}}
'''Buxar district''' is one of the [[Districts of Bihar|38 districts]] of [[Bihar]], [[India]]. Located in the southwestern part of the state, it is a primarily agricultural district. The district headquarters is at the town of [[Buxar]].

== Etymology ==
According to local traditions, the name ''Buxar'' is derived from a lake in the town named ''Aghsar'' (effacer of Sin), which in course of time became ''Baghsar'' and took the present form that is Buxar. Another Vedic legend states that, a sage or rishi named Besira transformed himself to take the look of a Tiger to frighten [[Durvasa]] rishi, and doomed by him to retain the form of Tiger forever. In order to restore his human form, Bedsira bathed in the holy pond of Aghsar and worshipped Garushankar. To commemorate this event the spot was called ''Vyaghrasar'' and later became ''Baghsar'' (The Tiger's pond).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Bihar And Orissa Gazetteers Shahabad|isbn=8172681224|pages=163}}</ref>

== History ==
The [[Battle of Buxar]] and [[Battle of Chausa]] were fought in this district.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Battle of Buxar : Venue, Date, Reasons, Winner, Loser, Aftermath, Significance|url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/history/battles/battle-of-buxar.html|access-date=2018-01-22|website=www.mapsofindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Battle of Buxar {{!}} Summary|language=en|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Baksar|access-date=2018-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=The new battles of Buxar|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1151027/jsp/bihar/story_49751.jsp#.WMNcKfnyuM8|access-date=2018-01-22}}</ref>

The present district was created on 17 March 1991, when it was split off from [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur district]].<ref name="Census 2011" />

==Geography==
Buxar district is located in the southwestern part of the state of Bihar, bordered by [[Rohtas district|Rohtas]] and [[Kaimur district]]s to the south, and by [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur district]] to the east. To the north and west, respectively, the [[Ganges]] and [[Karmanasa River]]s form the boundary with the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook - Buxar, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=19–20, 23–98, 681–82, 730–746 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/BiharA.html |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=3 July 2020}}</ref> In Uttar Pradesh, the district of [[Ballia district|Ballia]] is to the north and west of Buxar and that of [[Ghazipur district|Ghazipur]] lies to the west.)<ref name="buxar.nic.in">{{cite web |title=About District/ |website=Buxar |publisher=National Informatics Centre |url=https://buxar.nic.in/about-district |access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref>

Buxar district covers an area of 1,703 km<sup>2</sup>, roughly 1.8% of the total area of Bihar, making it the 30th largest district in the state by area. Much of the district consists of an [[alluvial]] plain, gently sloping downward toward the northeast, with a height ranging from 71m above [[sea level]] in the south to 66m in the north. The soil consists of [[ustif]]s, [[ochrept]]s, [[orthent]]s, [[fluvent]]s, and [[psamment]]s.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

The district formerly had large areas of [[forest]] cover, but [[deforestation]] caused by clearing land for agriculture has significantly reduced its area. This has also caused wildlife in the area to dramatically decline in numbers. Common trees in the forests of Buxar district are [[mango]], [[seasum]], [[Madhuca longifolia|mahua]], and [[bamboo]]. Their main human use is as [[firewood]]. Additionally, long [[jhalas grass]] grows near the Ganges and is used to make roofs for [[Indian vernacular architecture#Kachcha|kuccha]] houses.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=3,91,371|13=1911|14=3,71,963|15=1921|16=3,62,231|17=1931|18=3,98,022|19=1941|20=4,64,919|21=1951|22=5,36,754|23=1961|24=6,35,988|25=1971|26=7,65,094|27=1981|28=9,16,886|29=1991|30=10,87,676|31=2001|32=14,02,396|33=2011|34=17,06,352|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=left}}
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Buxar District
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|93.27}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|6.18}}
{{bar percent|Buddhist|yellow|0.30}}
{{bar percent|Christian|blue|0.12}}
{{bar percent|Not Stated|black|0.11}}
{{bar percent|Sikh|olive|0.01}}
{{bar percent|Jain|brown|0.01}}
}}
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Buxar district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,706,352<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> (roughly equal to the nation of [[The Gambia]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Gambia, The 1,797,860 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Nebraska]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=2011-09-30| quote =Nebraska 1,826,341
}}</ref>). This gives it a ranking of 285th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> With 1.6% of the total population of Bihar, Buxar district is ranked 29th in the state by population.<ref name="Census 2011"/> The district has a population density of {{convert|1003|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.67%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Buxar has a [[sex ratio]] of 922 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1,000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 70.14%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

===Languages===

{{Pie chart| thumb = right| caption = Languages in Buxar (2011)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=26 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815035759/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html |archive-date=15 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> |label1=[[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value1=97.57
|color1=Yellow
|label2=[[Hindi]] |value2=1.6 |color2=Orange
|label3=[[Urdu]] |value3=0.74 |color3=Green
|label4=Others |value4=0.16 |color5=Grey
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 97.57 of the population in the district spoke [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] and 1.6% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

==Mythology==
It is said that [[Ahilya (Hindu mythology)|Ahilya]], the wife of [[Gautama Maharishi|Gautam Rishi]] restored her human body from that of stone and got salvation by a mere touch of the feet of [[Rama|Lord Rama]]. This place is now known as Ahirauli, and is situated six kilometers away from Buxar. The Kanwaldah Pokhara, also known as VyaghraSar, is today a tourist destination. It is in this district that sage [[Vishwamitra]]'s Hermitage was situated. Chaitra Van, the forest where demoness Tadaka lived and was killed by Shri Ram, is also situated in Buxar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://buxar.bih.nic.in/History.htm# |title="Buxar history" |access-date=2009-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223201911/http://buxar.bih.nic.in/History.htm# |archive-date=2012-02-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Divisions==
Buxar district is divided 11 [[community development block]]s, grouped together into 2 subdivisions based at Buxar and Dumraon.<ref name="buxar.nic.in"/>
* '''Buxar subdivision'''
** [[Buxar]]
** [[Itarhi, Buxar|Itarhi]]
** [[Chausa]]
** [[Rajpur, Buxar|Rajpur]]
* '''Dumraon subdivision'''
** [[Dumraon]]
** [[Nawanagar, Bihar|Nawanagar]]
** [[Brahmapur, Bihar|Brahmapur]]
** [[Kesath, Buxar|Kesath]]
** [[Chakki, Buxar|Chakki]]
** [[Chaugain, Buxar|Chaugain]]
** [[Simri, Buxar|Simri]]

Of these, the most populous is Buxar and the least populous is Kesath.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

There are 1,133 villages and 142 [[gram panchayat]]s in Buxar district.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

The district contains the following towns:<ref name="Census 2011"/>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Town name
! Block
! Class
! Population (in 2011)
|-
| [[Buxar]] || Buxar || [[Nagar parishad]] || 102,861
|-
| [[Dumraon]] || Dumraon || Nagar parishad || 53,618
|-
| [[Sarimpur]] || Buxar || [[Census town]] || 8,020
|}

==Economy==
Buxar district is mainly [[agriculture|agricultural]]. Major crops include [[rice]] (especially winter rice), [[wheat]], [[barley]], and [[pulses]], the most important of which is [[Gram#Agriculture and horticulture|gram]]. [[Arhar]], [[khesari]], and [[Masur (lentil)|masur]] are other pulses grown in Buxar. Other important crops include [[oil seed]] and [[sugar cane]].<ref name="Census 2011"/>

[[Industrial sector|Industry]] and [[commerce]] are mainly concentrated in the cities of Buxar and Dumraon, which both have [[soap]] and [[furniture]] manufacturers as well as the main wholesale markets in the district.<ref name="buxar.nic.in"/>

==Notable people==


* [[Bismillah Khan]] ([[Bharat Ratna]])
* [[Gupteshwar Pandey]] (IPS)
* [[Ananda Prasad]]
* [[Harihar Singh]], Former Chief Minister of Bihar and Bhojpuri Poet
* [[Lallan Prasad Singh]] (IAS)
* [[Ravindra Kishore Sinha]]
*[[Vimlanand Saraswati]]

==See also==
* [[List of villages in Buxar district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://buxar.nic.in/ Official website]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Buxar district
|North = [[Ballia district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Bhojpur District, Bihar|Bhojpur district]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Rohtas district]]
|Southwest = [[Kaimur district]]
|West = [[Ghazipur district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Districts of Bihar}}
{{Patna Division}}
{{Patna Division topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|25.5656|N|83.9757|E|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:IN|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buxar District}}
[[Category:Buxar district| ]]
[[Category:Patna division]]
[[Category:Districts of Bihar]]

Buxar district - Revision history

>Tom.Reding at 11:12, 3 June 2021