https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Capparis_deciduaCapparis decidua - Revision history2026-07-31T08:32:26ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Capparis_decidua&diff=110744&oldid=prev>ShortDescBot at 17:28, 13 March 20212021-03-13T17:28:08Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Species of tree}}<br />
{{redirect|Kair|the village in India|Kair, Delhi|the village in Iran|Kair, Iran}}<br />
{{speciesbox<br />
|image = Kair.jpg<br />
|status =<br />
|status_system =<br />
|status_ref =<br />
|genus = Capparis<br />
|species = decidua<br />
|authority = ([[Forssk.]]) [[Edgew.]]<br />
|synonyms =<br />
{{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |<br />
*''Capparis aphylla'' <small>Roth</small><br />
*''Capparis decidua'' <small>Pax</small><br />
*''Capparis sodada'' <small>R.Br.</small> nom. illeg.<br />
*''Sodada decidua'' <small>Forssk.</small><br />
}}<br />
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{citation<br />
|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2697116<br />
|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species<br />
|accessdate=4 June 2016}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
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'''''Capparis decidua''''', known in Hindi as '''karira''' or '''kerda''',<ref>{{citation |url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=8890 |title=USDA GRIN Taxonomy|accessdate=4 June 2016}}</ref> is a useful plant in its marginal habitat. Its spicy fruits are used for preparing [[vegetable]]s, [[curry]] and fine [[Indian pickle|pickle]]s and can attract helpful [[insectivore]]s; the plant also is used in [[folk medicine]] and [[herbalism]]. It can be used in [[landscape gardening]], [[afforestation]] and [[reforestation]] in semidesert and desert areas; it provides assistance against [[soil erosion]].<ref>Kaul (1963), Ghosh (1977)</ref><br />
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== Tree characteristics ==<br />
It is a small much branched [[tree]] or [[shrub]] of [[arid]] regions in Africa, Middle East and southern Asia, including the [[Thar desert]]. It bears a mass of slender, leafless branches, the small [[caducous]] leaves being found only on young shoots. It rarely exceeds a height of 5 meters (16.4 feet).<ref name="Burdak, L.R. 1982 p.55">Burdak, L.R. (1982). Recent Advances in Desert Afforestation- Dissertation submitted to Shri R.N. Kaul, Director, Forestry Research, F.R.I., Dehra Dun. p.55</ref><br />
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[[Khair]] city in Uttar Pradesh, India is famous for '''Kair''' trees.<br />
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The new flush of leaves appears in November–January. Red conspicuous flowers appear in March to April and August–September and ripe by May and October. The pink fleshy [[Berry (botany)|berries]] are readily eaten by birds. It [[coppice]]s well and produces [[root]] [[Basal shoot|sucker]]s freely. It is extremely drought-resistant and tolerates some frost.<ref name="Burdak, L.R. 1982 p.55"/><br />
[[File:Kairan (or Doran) ji Bhaaji.jpg|alt=Vegetable dish known as Kairan (or Doran) ji Bhaaji prepared in Tharparkar, Sindh|left|thumb|Vegetable dish known as '''''Kairan (or Doran) ji Bhaaji''''' prepared in [[Tharparkar]], [[Sindh]]]]<br />
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==Uses==<br />
* Capparis decidua is used as a vegetable for diabetic patients.<br />
* The berry is used in [[South Asian pickles|pickles]] in the western parts of India.<br />
* [[Arid Forest Research Institute]]<br />
*[[Khair]] AFRI Jodhpur<br />
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== Karir tree in Mahabharata ==<br />
The Mahabharata Book VIII: Karna Parva, Chapter 30, verse 24 mentions tree species as [[Prosopis cineraria|Sami]], [[Pilu]] and [[Karir]] tree species as under in [[Sanskrit]] and [[IAST]]:<br />
:[[Prosopis cineraria|शमी]] [[Salvadora oleoides|पीलु]] करीराणां वनेषु सुखवर्त्मसु (śamī pīlu karīrāṇāṃ vaneṣu sukhavartmasu)<br />
:अपूपान सक्तु पिण्डीश च खाथन्तॊ मदितान्विताः (apūpān saktu piṇḍīś ca khādanto mathitānvitāḥ)<br />
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:Meaning - "When shall I be amongst those ladies eating cakes of flour and meat and balls of pounded barley mixed with skimmed milk, in the forests, having many pleasant paths of Sami and Pilu and Karira!" (VIII.30.24)<br />
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== Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Kair.jpg|Tree without fruits<br />
File:Capparis decidua tree with fruits.JPG|Tree with fruits<br />
File:Capparis decidua unripe fruits.JPG|Unripe fruits<br />
File:Capparis decidua green unripe fruits.JPG|Unripe fruits on the tree<br />
File:Capparis decidua ripe fruits.JPG|Ripe fruits<br />
File:Capparis decidua DSC0933.jpg|Tawny Eagle perched on ''Capparis decidua''<br />
File:Capparis decidua flower DSC0611.jpg|Flower<br />
</gallery><br />
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==Footnotes==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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==References==<br />
* {{aut|Kaul, R.N.}} (1963): Need for afforestation in the arid zones of '''Khair''', India. ''LA-YAARAN'' '''13'''.<br />
* {{aut|Ghosh, R.C.}} (1977): ''Handbook on afforestation techniques''. '''Khair''', '''India'''.<br />
* {{aut|Gupta, R.K. & Prakasah, Ishwar}} (1975): ''Environmental analysis of the Thar Desert''. Dehra Dun.<br />
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==External links==<br />
* {{AfricanPlants|Capparis decidua}}<br />
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q3242136}}<br />
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[[Category:Capparis|decidua]]<br />
[[Category:Desert fruits]]<br />
[[Category:Trees of Africa]]<br />
[[Category:Flora of the Indian subcontinent]]<br />
[[Category:Garden plants of Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Garden plants of Africa]]<br />
[[Category:Drought-tolerant trees]]<br />
[[Category:Ornamental trees]]<br />
[[Category:Flora of the Thar Desert]]</div>>ShortDescBot