ChristineBabbidg at 08:51, 9 March 2025

2025-03-09T08:51:56Z

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{{Short description|Species of spider}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Carrhotus viduus Jumping spider (Salticidae) front view Don Det Laos (focus stacking).jpg
| image_caption = Male
| image2 = Carrhotus viduus 5.jpg
| image2_caption = Female
| genus = Carrhotus
| species = viduus
| authority = C. L. Koch (1846)
| synonyms =
* ''Carrhotus gajbei'' (Karthikeyani & Kannan, 2013)
* ''Carrhotus ornatus'' (Simon, 1885)
* ''Attus viduus'' (Walckenaer,1847) 
* ''Hyllus morgani'' (Simon,1885) 
* ''Mogrus ornatus'' (Simon, 1885) 
* ''Plexippus viduus'' (C.L.Koch, 1846)
* ''Plexippus cumulatus'' (Karsch 1892)
* ''Marpissa lakshmikantapurensis'' (Majumder, 2004)
* ''Marpissa decorata'' (Tikader, 1974)
* ''Marpissa tikaderi'' (Biswas, 1984)
* ''Plexippus lakshmikantapurensis'' (Majumder, 2004)
* ''Plexippus decorata'' (Tikader, 1974)
* ''Plexippus tikaderi'' (Biswas, 1984)
| synonyms_ref =<ref name = GBIF/><ref name = IBP/><ref name= "Arthopoda Selecta1"/><ref name = "WSC"/>
}}

'''''Carrhotus viduus''''' is a species of spider in the family [[Jumping spider|Salticidae]].<ref name = GBIF>{{GBIF |id=2175026 |taxon=''Carrhotus viduus''|accessdate=5 May 2021}}</ref> It is found in [[South Asia|South]] and [[Southeast Asia]]. It is the type species of the genus ''[[Carrhotus]]''.<ref name = "WSC">{{Cite web|last=Bern|first=Natural History Museum|title=NMBE - World Spider Catalog|url=https://wsc.nmbe.ch/species/28500|access-date=2021-05-05|website=wsc.nmbe.ch|language=en}}</ref>

== Description ==
The male is black, with two thick white stripes running along either side of the head. Another two stripes run along the abdomen, and it doesn't meet at the abdomen tip. It has a slightly iridescent maroon 'face' and a small white spot on the 'forehead'. Its eyes have an orange border.
[[File:Carrhotus viduus 8384.jpg|left|thumb|Top view of male]]
The female has an overall orange color, with various yellow and orange markings along its [[Abdomen (insect anatomy)|abdomen]]. The [[cephalothorax]] is red and brown, with horizontal white streaks under the eyes.
[[File:Carrhotus viduus female 6002.jpg|left|thumb|Top view of female]]
The head and cephalothorax of both sexes is longer than its width. Its abdomen is large near the base but kinks inward into a cone. They have black hairs on their legs and white hairs on the abdomen. The [[spinneret]]s (silk-producing organs) are clearly visible at the end of their abdomen.

== Range ==
It is found in from [[Sri Lanka]] and [[India]] east to [[China]], [[Myanmar]], [[Vietnam]] and there have been some unconfirmed reports from [[Japan]] and the [[Sundaland|Sundas]].<ref name="inat"/>

== Behaviour and ecology ==
It normally moves quickly,<ref name="IBP">{{Cite web|title=''Carrhotus viduus'' (C. L. Koch, 1846)|url=https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/275180|access-date=2021-05-05|website=India Biodiversity Portal}}</ref> and can actively and suddenly jump in an escape.<ref name="inat" />

=== Habitat ===
It is found in tropical and subtropical woodlands,<ref name=IBP/> including gardens,<ref name="inat">{{inaturalist taxon|154610}}</ref> preferring thick foliage of short trees and shrubs.<ref name=IBP/>

== Taxonomic history ==
The species was first described as ''Plexippus viduus'' by [[Carl Ludwig Koch]] in 1846 and moved to genus Carrhotus by in 1999. Then, a new species of [[Plexippus]], ''Plexippus gajbei ,'' got published,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=R.|first=Karthikeyani|last2=Kannan|first2=S|date=2013-12-13|title=A NEW Plexippus SPIDER FROM THE WESTERN GHATS, KUMBAKARAI FALLS, THENI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, SOUTH INDIA (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE: SALTICIDAE)|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283322159_A_NEW_Plexippus_SPIDER_FROM_THE_WESTERN_GHATS_KUMBAKARAI_FALLS_THENI_DISTRICT_TAMIL_NADU_SOUTH_INDIA_ARACHNIDA_ARANEAE_SALTICIDAE|journal=Indian Journal of Arachnology|volume=2|pages=42–44|issn=2278-1587}}</ref> but although the paper mentioned a female and male [[holotype]], the female was never deposited and the male was determined to be ''C. viduus.''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Caleb|first=John|date=2016-09-01|title=New data on the jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from India|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308209298_New_data_on_the_jumping_spiders_Araneae_Salticidae_from_India|journal=Arthropoda Selecta|volume=25|pages=271–277|doi=10.15298/arthsel.25.3.06|doi-access=free}}</ref> In 2020, ''Marpissa lakshmikantapurensis, Marpissa tikaderi'' and ''Marpissa decorata'' was also synonymized with ''C. viduus.''<ref name= "Arthopoda Selecta1">{{Cite journal|last=J. T. D|first=Caleb|last2=Bera|first2=C.|last3=Acharya|first3=S.|date=2020|title=New species and synonymies in the genus Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 from India (Aranei: Salticidae:Salticini).|url = https://researchgate.net/publication/340224689_New_species_and_synonymies_in_the_genus_Carrhotus_Thorell_1891_from_India_Aranei_Salticidae_Salticini|journal=Arthropoda Selecta|volume=29|issue=1|pages=51–66|doi=10.15298/arthsel.29.1.04|doi-access=free}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2306355}}

[[Category:Salticidae]]
[[Category:Spiders of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Spiders of the Indian subcontinent]]
[[Category:Spiders of China]]
[[Category:Spiders of Myanmar]]

Carrhotus viduus - Revision history

ChristineBabbidg at 08:51, 9 March 2025